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      "title": "Homeland Security: Department Organization and Management -- Implementation Phase",
      "summary": "After substantial congressional entreatment, President George W. Bush gave impetus to the\ncreation\nof a Department of Homeland Security when, on June 6, 2002, he proposed the establishment of such\nan entity by the 107th Congress. The President transmitted his department proposal to the House\nof\nRepresentatives on June 18, where it was subsequently introduced by request ( H.R. 5005 ). The House approved the bill in amended form on July 26. The Senate did not begin\nconsideration of the legislation until after an August recess. Senate deliberations on the matter were\nslower due to partisan and parliamentary factors, as well as a few highly contentious issues, such as\ncivil service protections and collective bargaining rights of the employees of the new department. \nWhen both houses of Congress reconvened after the November elections, a new, compromise\ndepartment bill was introduced in the House ( H.R. 5710 ), which considered and adopted\nthe measure on November 13. Six days later, the Senate approved the original House bill (H.R.\n 5005), as modified with the language of the compromise legislation (H.R.  5710),\nwhich had been offered as an amendment. The House cleared the Senate-passed measure for the\nPresident's signature ( P.L. 107-296 ; 116 Stat. 2135). Ultimately, President Bush largely obtained\nwhat he wanted in the legislation mandating the department. \n  Overseeing the implementation of the legislation mandating the new Department of Homeland\nSecurity, and possibly refining it and making some technical modifications, was within the purview\nof the 108th Congress. Some legislators, for example, wanted to eliminate provisions protecting\nmanufacturers from liability lawsuits, broaden the criteria for the creation of university-based centers\nfor homeland security, and make the department subject to the Federal Advisory Committee Act\n( H.R. 484 ,  H.R. 1416 ,  S. 6 ,  S. 28 ,  S. 41 ,  S. 45 ,  S. 134 ,  S. 910 ). The department's charter also\ncontained some contradictory provisions, such as those concerning the appointment of an officer for\ncivil rights and civil liberties. Other implementation issues included Senate confirmation of\npresidential nominees for department leadership positions, creation of initial budgets for the new\ndepartment, and assessing the various reports to Congress required of the new department. A few\nmodifications were realized in provisions of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act,\nwhich was enacted into law in December 2004. This report has been updated as events\nrecommended during the 108th Congress.  CRS Report RL31148 ,  Homeland Security: The\nPresidential Coordination Office , assesses the operations and status of the Office of Homeland\nSecurity;  CRS Report RL31493 ,  Homeland Security: Department Organization and\nManagement \n-- Legislative Phase , assesses the development and enactment of the Homeland Security Act\nof 2002.",
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