{
  "id": "RL31796",
  "type": "CRS Report",
  "typeId": "REPORTS",
  "number": "RL31796",
  "active": true,
  "source": "EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
  "versions": [
    {
      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 415535,
      "date": "2013-01-07",
      "retrieved": "2016-04-06T21:30:29.900689",
      "title": "The Endangered Species Act (ESA) and Claims of Property Rights \u201cTakings\u201d",
      "summary": "The federal Endangered Species Act (ESA) has long been one of the major flash points in debates over government interference with property rights. This report outlines the ESA provisions most relevant to the act\u2019s impacts on private property and surveys the major ESA-relevant principles of Fifth Amendment takings law. The Takings Clause of the Fifth Amendment promises \u201cjust compensation\u201d when government actions \u201ctake\u201d property.\nThe report then summarizes the court decisions on whether particular government actions (or inaction) based on the ESA \u201ctake\u201d private property under the Fifth Amendment. The cases to date address several kinds of ESA impacts on private property: (1) restrictions on land uses that might adversely affect species listed as endangered or threatened, and mitigation conditions to offset the impacts of development; (2) administrative delays; (3) reductions in water delivery or allowable water diversion to preserve lake levels or instream flows needed by listed fish (currently the most active area of ESA takings litigation); (4) restrictions on the defensive measures a property owner may take to protect his/her property from listed animals; and (5) restrictions on commercial dealings in listed species.\nTo date, only one of the 18 ESA-based takings cases disclosed by research, Tulare Lake Basin Water Storage District v. United States, has found a taking. However, two cases, Casitas Municipal Water District v. United States and Klamath Irrigation District v. United States, have yet to be finally resolved and may or may not result in holdings that takings occurred.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORTS",
      "active": true,
      "formats": [
        {
          "format": "HTML",
          "encoding": "utf-8",
          "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL31796",
          "sha1": "f3b2cb67833bf12d8992bca58155f014aa4e4484",
          "filename": "files/20130107_RL31796_f3b2cb67833bf12d8992bca58155f014aa4e4484.html",
          "images": null
        },
        {
          "format": "PDF",
          "encoding": null,
          "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL31796",
          "sha1": "fb2fdf5698d61bdc6166430cd525d32e56b0432d",
          "filename": "files/20130107_RL31796_fb2fdf5698d61bdc6166430cd525d32e56b0432d.pdf",
          "images": null
        }
      ],
      "topics": []
    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc819999/",
      "id": "RL31796_2011Apr21",
      "date": "2011-04-21",
      "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26",
      "title": "The Endangered Species Act (ESA) and Claims of Property Rights \u201cTakings\u201d",
      "summary": null,
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORT",
      "active": false,
      "formats": [
        {
          "format": "PDF",
          "filename": "files/20110421_RL31796_b0573fa563d949093a8c372c29b712227635fd28.pdf"
        },
        {
          "format": "HTML",
          "filename": "files/20110421_RL31796_b0573fa563d949093a8c372c29b712227635fd28.html"
        }
      ],
      "topics": []
    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc87263/",
      "id": "RL31796_2009Feb03",
      "date": "2009-02-03",
      "retrieved": "2012-07-03T07:51:21",
      "title": "The Endangered Species Act (ESA) and Claims of Property Rights \"Takings\"",
      "summary": "This report outlines the ESA provisions most relevant to the act's impacts on private property and surveys the major ESA-relevant principles of Fifth Amendment takings law. The report then proceeds to the court decisions adjudicating whether government measures based on the ESA effect a taking of property under the Fifth Amendment.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORT",
      "active": false,
      "formats": [
        {
          "format": "PDF",
          "filename": "files/20090203_RL31796_e0c957660863f321d6ee74935cca1ce14638ee82.pdf"
        },
        {
          "format": "HTML",
          "filename": "files/20090203_RL31796_e0c957660863f321d6ee74935cca1ce14638ee82.html"
        }
      ],
      "topics": [
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Endangered species",
          "name": "Endangered species"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Extinction (Biology)",
          "name": "Extinction (Biology)"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Wildlife conservation",
          "name": "Wildlife conservation"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc807911/",
      "id": "RL31796_2009Jan14",
      "date": "2009-01-14",
      "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26",
      "title": "The Endangered Species Act and Claims of Property Rights \u201dTakings\u201d",
      "summary": null,
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORT",
      "active": false,
      "formats": [
        {
          "format": "PDF",
          "filename": "files/20090114_RL31796_1502d0f3e47666839f498b739f92b47107da85ba.pdf"
        },
        {
          "format": "HTML",
          "filename": "files/20090114_RL31796_1502d0f3e47666839f498b739f92b47107da85ba.html"
        }
      ],
      "topics": []
    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc93965/",
      "id": "RL31796_2008Jan14",
      "date": "2008-01-14",
      "retrieved": "2012-07-24T12:39:36",
      "title": "The Endangered Species Act and Claims of Property Rights \u201cTakings",
      "summary": "This report discusses Endangered Species Act (ESA) that has long been one of the major flash points in the \u201cproperty rights\u201d debate. This report first outlines the ESA provisions most relevant to the act's impacts on private property, then surveys the major ESA-relevant principles of Fifth Amendment takings law, and finally discusses the court decisions adjudicating whether government measures based on the ESA effect a taking of property under the Fifth Amendment.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORT",
      "active": false,
      "formats": [
        {
          "format": "PDF",
          "filename": "files/20080114_RL31796_99a36066ebe372fd7729eb25f06e8e30afc83e35.pdf"
        },
        {
          "format": "HTML",
          "filename": "files/20080114_RL31796_99a36066ebe372fd7729eb25f06e8e30afc83e35.html"
        }
      ],
      "topics": [
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Endangered species",
          "name": "Endangered species"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Right of property",
          "name": "Right of property"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Wildlife conservation",
          "name": "Wildlife conservation"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc810844/",
      "id": "RL31796_2006Dec18",
      "date": "2006-12-18",
      "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26",
      "title": "The Endangered Species Act and Claims of Property Rights \u201cTakings\u201d",
      "summary": null,
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORT",
      "active": false,
      "formats": [
        {
          "format": "PDF",
          "filename": "files/20061218_RL31796_1679eb152ce071a9030e53baf7d5528d6da0d9e9.pdf"
        },
        {
          "format": "HTML",
          "filename": "files/20061218_RL31796_1679eb152ce071a9030e53baf7d5528d6da0d9e9.html"
        }
      ],
      "topics": []
    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8223/",
      "id": "RL31796 2005-10-14",
      "date": "2005-10-14",
      "retrieved": "2006-02-24T12:32:21",
      "title": "The Endangered Species Act and Claims of Property Rights \"Takings\"",
      "summary": "This report first outlines the ESA provisions most relevant to the act\u2019s impacts on private property, and then surveys the major ESA-relevant principles of Fifth Amendment takings law. The report then proceeds to its core topic: the court decisions adjudicating whether government measures based on the ESA effect a taking of property under the Fifth Amendment. The cases address four kinds of ESA measures: (1) restrictions on land uses that might adversely affect species listed as endangered or threatened; (2) reductions in water delivery to preserve lake levels or instream flows needed by listed fish; (3) restrictions on the defensive measures a property owner may take to protect his/her property from listed animals; and (4) restrictions on commercial dealings in members of listed species.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORT",
      "active": false,
      "formats": [
        {
          "format": "PDF",
          "filename": "files/20051014_RL31796_1083002a47d80a4f2009d08b763c535cb5ec76f1.pdf"
        },
        {
          "format": "HTML",
          "filename": "files/20051014_RL31796_1083002a47d80a4f2009d08b763c535cb5ec76f1.html"
        }
      ],
      "topics": [
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Civil liberties",
          "name": "Civil liberties"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Eminent domain",
          "name": "Eminent domain"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Right of property",
          "name": "Right of property"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Endangered Species Act",
          "name": "Endangered Species Act"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Public lands",
          "name": "Public lands"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8325/",
      "id": "RL31796 2005-03-09",
      "date": "2005-03-09",
      "retrieved": "2006-02-28T09:11:38",
      "title": "The Endangered Species Act and Claims of Property Rights \"Takings\"",
      "summary": "This report first outlines the ESA provisions most relevant to the act\u2019s impacts on private property, and then surveys the major ESA-relevant principles of Fifth Amendment takings law. The report then proceeds to its core topic: the court decisions adjudicating whether government measures based on the ESA effect a taking of property under the Fifth Amendment. The cases address four kinds of ESA measures: (1) restrictions on land uses that might adversely affect species listed as endangered or threatened; (2) reductions in water delivery to preserve lake levels or instream flows needed by listed fish; (3) restrictions on the defensive measures a property owner may take to protect his/her property from listed animals; and (4) restrictions on commercial dealings in members of listed species.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORT",
      "active": false,
      "formats": [
        {
          "format": "PDF",
          "filename": "files/20050309_RL31796_3af583a57e9f1f0f797bc36c1ad4f9752c5d5eb5.pdf"
        },
        {
          "format": "HTML",
          "filename": "files/20050309_RL31796_3af583a57e9f1f0f797bc36c1ad4f9752c5d5eb5.html"
        }
      ],
      "topics": [
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Civil liberties",
          "name": "Civil liberties"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Eminent domain",
          "name": "Eminent domain"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Right of property",
          "name": "Right of property"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Endangered Species Act",
          "name": "Endangered Species Act"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Public lands",
          "name": "Public lands"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8300/",
      "id": "RL31796 2003-03-10",
      "date": "2003-03-10",
      "retrieved": "2006-02-28T09:11:55",
      "title": "The Endangered Species Act and Claims of Property Rights \"Takings\": A Summary of  the Court Decisions",
      "summary": "This report first outlines the ESA provisions most relevant to the act\u2019s impacts on private property, and then surveys the major ESA-relevant principles of Fifth Amendment takings law. The report then proceeds to its core topic: the court decisions adjudicating whether government measures based on the ESA effect a taking of property under the Fifth Amendment. The cases address four kinds of ESA measures: (1) restrictions on land uses that might adversely affect species listed as endangered or threatened; (2) reductions in water delivery to preserve lake levels or instream flows needed by listed fish; (3) restrictions on the defensive measures a property owner may take to protect his/her property from listed animals; and (4) restrictions on commercial dealings in members of listed species.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORT",
      "active": false,
      "formats": [
        {
          "format": "PDF",
          "filename": "files/20030310_RL31796_dc10fa56fd9e56a779721d49880dc2df48bac4e5.pdf"
        },
        {
          "format": "HTML",
          "filename": "files/20030310_RL31796_dc10fa56fd9e56a779721d49880dc2df48bac4e5.html"
        }
      ],
      "topics": [
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Civil liberties",
          "name": "Civil liberties"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Eminent domain",
          "name": "Eminent domain"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Right of property",
          "name": "Right of property"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Endangered Species Act",
          "name": "Endangered Species Act"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Public lands",
          "name": "Public lands"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "topics": []
}