{ "id": "RL31880", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "number": "RL31880", "active": true, "source": "EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "versions": [ { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 606503, "date": "2019-10-16", "retrieved": "2019-10-22T22:09:31.448460", "title": "Congressional Budget Office: Appointment and Tenure of the Director and Deputy Director", "summary": "The requirements regarding the appointment and tenure of the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) director are set forth in Section 201(a) of the 1974 Congressional Budget Act, as amended, and codified at 2 U.S.C. 601(a). The Speaker of the House of Representatives and the President pro tempore of the Senate jointly appoint the director after considering recommendations received from the House and Senate Budget Committees. The Budget Committee chairs inform the congressional leaders of their recommendations by letter. The appointment is usually announced in the Congressional Record.\nSection 201(a) requires that the selection be made \u201cwithout regard to political affiliation and solely on the basis of his fitness to perform his duties.\u201d Media reports over the years indicate that the CBO director is selected under informal practices in which the House and Senate Budget Committees alternate in recommending a nominee to the Speaker and President pro tempore of the Senate. These reports also indicate that the Speaker and President pro tempore have adhered to the Budget Committees\u2019 recommendations in making past selections. To the extent that these practices are informal, there may be disagreement with regard to their operation in the future selection of a CBO director.\nThe director is appointed to a four-year term that begins on January 3 of the year that precedes the year in which a presidential election is held. If a director is appointed to fill a vacancy prior to the expiration of a term, then that person serves only for the unexpired portion of that term. There is no limit on the number of times that a director may be reappointed to another term. Section 201(a) also authorizes a CBO director to continue to serve past the expiration of his term until a successor is appointed. A CBO director may be removed by either house by resolution.\nSection 201(a) also provides that the director shall appoint a deputy director. The deputy director serves during the term of the director that appointed the deputy director (and until his or her successor is appointed) but may be removed by the director at any time. The deputy director serves as the acting director if the director resigns, is incapacitated, or is otherwise absent.\nTen people so far have served as CBO director: Alice Rivlin, Rudolph Penner, Robert Reischauer, June O\u2019Neill, Dan Crippen, Douglas Holtz-Eakin, Peter R. Orszag, Douglas Elmendorf, Keith Hall, and Phillip Swagel. The current director, Phillip Swagel, began serving as director on June 3, 2019. Twelve persons have served as deputy director; five of them also served as the acting director (for periods amounting in total to about three years). The current deputy director, Mark Hadley, was appointed to the position in June 2016.\nThis report will be updated as developments warrant.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL31880", "sha1": "5131974f273a7694d142e658f8e2f990847ffc71", "filename": "files/20191016_RL31880_5131974f273a7694d142e658f8e2f990847ffc71.html", "images": {} }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL31880", "sha1": "b697f7a224a281cbce87a49f6489fc052dbb9201", "filename": "files/20191016_RL31880_b697f7a224a281cbce87a49f6489fc052dbb9201.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 441424, "date": "2015-05-20", "retrieved": "2016-04-06T19:02:35.376325", "title": "Congressional Budget Office: Appointment and Tenure of the Director and Deputy Director", "summary": "The requirements regarding the appointment and tenure of the CBO director, which are simple and straightforward, are set forth in Section 201(a) of the 1974 Congressional Budget Act, as amended, and codified at 2 U.S.C. 601(a). The Speaker of the House of Representatives and the President pro tempore of the Senate jointly appoint the director after considering recommendations received from the House and Senate Budget Committees. The Budget Committee chairs inform the congressional leaders of their recommendations by letter. The appointment is usually announced in the Congressional Record.\nSection 201(a) requires that the selection be made \u201cwithout regard to political affiliation and solely on the basis of his fitness to perform his duties.\u201d Media reports over the years indicate that the CBO director is selected under informal practices in which the House and Senate Budget Committees alternate in recommending a nominee to the Speaker and President pro tempore of the Senate. These reports also indicate that the Speaker and President pro tempore have adhered to the Budget Committees\u2019 recommendations in making past selections. To the extent that these practices are informal, there may be disagreement with regard to their operation in the future selection of a CBO director.\nThe director is appointed to a four-year term that begins on January 3 of the year that precedes the year in which a presidential election is held. If a director is appointed to fill a vacancy prior to the expiration of a term, then that person serves only for the unexpired portion of that term. There is no limit on the number of times that a director may be reappointed to another term. Section 201(a) also authorizes a CBO director to continue to serve past the expiration of his term until a successor is appointed. A CBO director may be removed by either house by resolution.\nSection 201(a) also provides that the director shall appoint a deputy director. The deputy director serves during the term of the director that appointed the deputy director (and until his or her successor is appointed) but may be removed by the director at any time. The deputy director serves as the acting director if the director resigns, is incapacitated, or is otherwise absent.\nNine persons so far have served as CBO director: Alice Rivlin, Rudolph Penner, Robert Reischauer, June O\u2019Neill, Dan Crippen, Douglas Holtz-Eakin, Peter R. Orszag, Douglas Elmendorf, and Keith Hall. The current director, Keith Hall, was appointed on March 3, 2015. Eleven persons have served as deputy director; five of them also served as the acting director (for periods amounting in total to about three years). The current deputy director, Robert A. Sunshine, was appointed to the position in August 2007; he served as acting director during the two-month interregnum between directors Orszag and Elemendorf.\nThis report will be updated as developments warrant.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL31880", "sha1": "f96d0f047dabec612d2d5d7aa89bab68ae8c20ba", "filename": "files/20150520_RL31880_f96d0f047dabec612d2d5d7aa89bab68ae8c20ba.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL31880", "sha1": "2f387174325878f30f1c5e3e4ec623c61b554dcd", "filename": "files/20150520_RL31880_2f387174325878f30f1c5e3e4ec623c61b554dcd.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc491313/", "id": "RL31880_2010Sep02", "date": "2010-09-02", "retrieved": "2015-01-27T19:40:46", "title": "Congressional Budget Office: Appointment and Tenure of the Director and Deputy Director", "summary": "This report discusses the means through which the Director and Deputy Director of the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) are appointed and briefly lists the people who have held the two positions.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20100902_RL31880_26b5aeb2e7389edef80c38ecb289fa42a91a0c18.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20100902_RL31880_26b5aeb2e7389edef80c38ecb289fa42a91a0c18.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Congress", "name": "Congress" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Federal officials", "name": "Federal officials" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Congressional agencies", "name": "Congressional agencies" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Congressional Budget Office", "name": "Congressional Budget Office" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Government employees", "name": "Government employees" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc820105/", "id": "RL31880_2008Nov26", "date": "2008-11-26", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Congressional Budget Office: Appointment and Tenure of the Director and Deputy Director", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20081126_RL31880_694639dbfc5ec28298ba6dd398c0983bae9b9d6f.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20081126_RL31880_694639dbfc5ec28298ba6dd398c0983bae9b9d6f.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8028/", "id": "RL31880 2005-10-18", "date": "2005-10-18", "retrieved": "2006-02-14T16:42:16", "title": "Congressional Budget Office: Appointment and Tenure of the Director and Deputy Director", "summary": "Section 20 1 (a) requires that the selection be made \"without regard to political affiliation and solely on the basis of his fitness to perform his duties.\" Media reports over the years indicate that the CBO director is selected under informal practices in which the House and Senate Budget Committees alternate in recommending a nominee to the Speaker and President pro tempore of the Senate. These reports also indicate that the Speaker and President pro tempore have adhered to the Budget Committees' recommendations in making past selections. To the extent that these practices are informal, there may be disagreement with regard to their operation in the future selection of a CBO director.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20051018_RL31880_d940fa7ba42ccfc0c733d65a278281e2e4163496.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20051018_RL31880_d940fa7ba42ccfc0c733d65a278281e2e4163496.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Congress", "name": "Congress" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Federal officials", "name": "Federal officials" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Congressional agencies", "name": "Congressional agencies" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Congressional Budget Office", "name": "Congressional Budget Office" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Government employees", "name": "Government employees" } ] } ], "topics": [ "Economic Policy", "Foreign Affairs", "Legislative Process" ] }