{
  "id": "RL31927",
  "type": "CRS Report",
  "typeId": "REPORTS",
  "number": "RL31927",
  "active": false,
  "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
  "versions": [
    {
      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 319453,
      "date": "2003-05-20",
      "retrieved": "2016-04-08T14:44:49.208544",
      "title": "Trends in U.S. Foreign Food Aid, FY1992-FY2002",
      "summary": "Over the 11-year period from FY1992 to FY2002, more than 50 types of agricultural\ncommodities\nhave been donated to more than 100 countries through U.S. food aid programs. The Agricultural\nTrade Development and Assistance Act of 1954, the Food for Progress Act of 1985, and the\nAgricultural Act of 1949 established three main U.S. food aid programs: Public Law 480 (P.L. 480),\nFood for Progress (FFP), and Section 416(b) to meet humanitarian needs, alleviate malnutrition, and\nestablish a market presence in recipient countries. Three other food aid programs are the Bill\nEmerson Humanitarian Trust, the McGovern-Dole International Food for Education and Child\nNutrition Program (IFEP), and the John Ogonowski Farmer-to-Farmer Program.\n P.L. 480, also known as the Food for Peace Program, provides U.S. agricultural commodities\nto countries with differing economic development levels. Food For Progress provides commodities\nto developing countries that are emerging democracies and that have made commitments to\nintroduce or expand free enterprise in their agricultural economies. Section 416(b) provides\ndonations to developing countries of surplus agricultural commodities acquired by the Commodity\nCredit Corporation (CCC) through price support programs. The Bill Emerson Humanitarian Trust\nis a commodity reserve used to meet emergency humanitarian food needs in developing countries. \nThe McGovern-Dole International Food for Education and Child Nutrition Program (IFEP) provides\nfood to improve nutrition for mothers, infants, preschoolers, and schoolchildren in developing\ncountries. The John Ogonowski Farmer-to-Farmer Program finances the transfer of technical skills\nof the U.S. agricultural community to farmers in participating countries. \n This report provides tables and graphs on the composition of U.S. food aid. Data is restricted\nto United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) data that includes commodity tonnage and\nvalue. The data does not include ocean freight, internal handling, shipping, transportation, and\nadministration expenses.\n Among other things, this report indicates that funding for food aid varies from year to year; that\nmore food aid has been provided under P.L. 480 and Section 416(b) than under Food for Progress;\nthat most food aid provided under P.L. 480 is distributed through Title II; that the food aid\ncommodity composition now includes more high-value and blended products donated through Title\nII feeding programs; and that the United States is a major food aid contributor. This report will be\nupdated as circumstances warrant.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORTS",
      "active": false,
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      "topics": []
    }
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}