{ "id": "RL31994", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "number": "RL31994", "active": false, "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department, EveryCRSReport.com", "versions": [ { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc462459/", "id": "RL31994_2010Aug18", "date": "2013-08-18", "retrieved": "2014-12-05T09:57:41", "title": "Same-Sex Marriages: Legal Issues", "summary": "This report discusses the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) and legal challenges to it. It reviews legal principles applied to determine the validity of a marriage contracted in another state and surveys the various approaches employed by states to address same-sex marriage. It also examines previous congressional resolutions proposing a constitutional amendment and limiting federal courts' jurisdiction to hear or determine any question pertaining to the interpretation of DOMA.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20130818_RL31994_8e2c590c0b272487911b5afda1837f1d7362a6ca.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20130818_RL31994_8e2c590c0b272487911b5afda1837f1d7362a6ca.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Same-sex marriage -- Law and legislation", "name": "Same-sex marriage -- Law and legislation" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Law", "name": "Law" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Domestic partners", "name": "Domestic partners" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Gays", "name": "Gays" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Homosexuality", "name": "Homosexuality" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Marriage", "name": "Marriage" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 420868, "date": "2013-05-14", "retrieved": "2016-04-06T23:27:18.093438", "title": "Same-Sex Marriages: Legal Issues", "summary": "The recognition of same-sex marriages generates debate on both the federal and state levels. Either legislatively or judicially, same-sex marriage is legal in 12 states. Other states allow civil unions or domestic partnerships, which may provide similar state-level rights and/or benefits. Many states have statutes or constitutional amendments limiting marriage to one man and one woman. These state-level variations raise questions about the validity of such unions outside the contracted jurisdiction and have bearing on the distribution of federal benefits.\nThe U.S. Supreme Court appears poised to address the constitutionality of state and federal laws that limit the definition of \u201cmarriage\u201d to heterosexual couples. The first case, United States v. Windsor, involves questions regarding Section 3 of The Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), P.L. 104-199, which created a federal definition of \u201cmarriage\u201d as the union of one man and one woman. The second case, Hollingsworth v. Perry, presents a similar challenge to California\u2019s Proposition 8, which limited the validity and recognition of \u201cmarriages\u201d to heterosexual couples. (For a detailed analysis of these cases, see CRS Report R42976, Same-Sex Marriage and the Supreme Court: United States v. Windsor and Hollingsworth v. Perry, by Jody Feder and Alissa M. Dolan.) In both cases, the plaintiffs allege that the relevant laws violate the Constitution\u2019s equal protection clauses. \nThis report discusses DOMA and legal challenges to it. It reviews legal principles applied to determine the validity of a marriage contracted in another state and surveys the various approaches employed by states to address same-sex marriage. It also examines previous Congressional resolutions proposing a constitutional amendment and limiting federal courts\u2019 jurisdiction to hear or determine any question pertaining to the interpretation of DOMA.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL31994", "sha1": "aca66b00b1b5e086b6a603ebae55f1a00a996602", "filename": "files/20130514_RL31994_aca66b00b1b5e086b6a603ebae55f1a00a996602.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL31994", "sha1": "4c6bfd73953322dfc047e63de8a57b1cd6942e38", "filename": "files/20130514_RL31994_4c6bfd73953322dfc047e63de8a57b1cd6942e38.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc461956/", "id": "RL31994_2013May06", "date": "2013-05-06", "retrieved": "2014-12-05T09:57:41", "title": "Same-Sex Marriages: Legal Issues", "summary": "This report discusses the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) and legal challenges to it. It reviews legal principles applied to determine the validity of a marriage contracted in another state and surveys the various approaches employed by states to address same-sex marriage. It also examines previous congressional resolutions proposing a constitutional amendment and limiting federal courts' jurisdiction to hear or determine any question pertaining to the interpretation of DOMA.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20130506_RL31994_d4e843589be146c3ced0e4636a4cbaffdb1366c0.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20130506_RL31994_d4e843589be146c3ced0e4636a4cbaffdb1366c0.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Same-sex marriage -- Law and legislation", "name": "Same-sex marriage -- Law and legislation" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Law", "name": "Law" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Domestic partners", "name": "Domestic partners" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Gays", "name": "Gays" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Homosexuality", "name": "Homosexuality" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Marriage", "name": "Marriage" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc227980/", "id": "RL31994_2012Nov05", "date": "2012-11-05", "retrieved": "2013-11-05T18:07:05", "title": "Same-Sex Marriages: Legal Issues", "summary": "Report that discusses Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) and legal challenges to it. It reviews legal principles applied to determine the validity of a marriage contracted in another state and surveys the various approaches employed by states to address same-sex marriage. It also examines previous Congressional resolutions proposing a constitutional amendment and limiting federal courts' jurisdiction to hear or determine any question pertaining to the interpretation of DOMA.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20121105_RL31994_74dd0964c96be70413ada2f922f53eba53e03216.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20121105_RL31994_74dd0964c96be70413ada2f922f53eba53e03216.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Legislation", "name": "Legislation" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Legislative amendments", "name": "Legislative amendments" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Congressional powers", "name": "Congressional powers" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc87267/", "id": "RL31994_2012Jun08", "date": "2012-06-08", "retrieved": "2012-07-03T07:51:21", "title": "Same-Sex Marriages: Legal Issues", "summary": "This report discusses Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) and legal challenges to it. It reviews legal principles applied to determine the validity of a marriage contracted in another state and surveys the various approaches employed by states to enable or to prevent same-sex marriage. The report also examines House and Senate resolutions introduced in previous Congresses proposing a constitutional amendment and limiting federal courts' jurisdiction to hear or determine any question pertaining to the interpretation of DOMA.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20120608_RL31994_719aa638e7397196f9ac19c22f907b26ad58041c.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20120608_RL31994_719aa638e7397196f9ac19c22f907b26ad58041c.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Families", "name": "Families" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Same-sex marriage - Law and legislation", "name": "Same-sex marriage - Law and legislation" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Law", "name": "Law" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Domestic partners", "name": "Domestic partners" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Unmarried couples", "name": "Unmarried couples" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Minority families", "name": "Minority families" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Gays", "name": "Gays" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Homosexuality", "name": "Homosexuality" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Marriage", "name": "Marriage" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc85446/", "id": "RL31994_2012May09", "date": "2012-05-09", "retrieved": "2012-06-06T14:34:05", "title": "Same-Sex Marriages: Legal Issues", "summary": "The recognition of same-sex marriages generates debate on both the federal and state levels.\r\nVariations in state law on the issue raise questions about the validity of such unions outside the contracted jurisdiction and have bearing on the distribution of federal benefits. This report discusses the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) and it's legal challenges. It reviews legal principles applied to determine the validity of a marriage contracted in another state and surveys the various approaches employed by states to enable or to prevent same-sex marriage. The report also examines House and Senate resolutions introduced in previous Congresses proposing a constitutional amendment and limiting federal courts' jurisdiction to hear or determine any question pertaining to the interpretation of DOMA.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20120509_RL31994_abadcb6be1103a791eb83a9e76985ac6317df237.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20120509_RL31994_abadcb6be1103a791eb83a9e76985ac6317df237.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Families", "name": "Families" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Same-sex marriage - Law and legislation", "name": "Same-sex marriage - Law and legislation" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Law", "name": "Law" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Domestic partners", "name": "Domestic partners" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Unmarried couples", "name": "Unmarried couples" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Minority families", "name": "Minority families" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Gays", "name": "Gays" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Homosexuality", "name": "Homosexuality" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Marriage", "name": "Marriage" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc462419/", "id": "RL31994_2009Jun09", "date": "2009-06-09", "retrieved": "2014-12-05T09:57:41", "title": "Same-Sex Marriages: Legal Issues", "summary": "This report discusses the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) and legal challenges to it. It reviews legal principles applied to determine the validity of a marriage contracted in another state and surveys the various approaches employed by states to address same-sex marriage. It also examines previous congressional resolutions proposing a constitutional amendment and limiting federal courts' jurisdiction to hear or determine any question pertaining to the interpretation of DOMA.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20090609_RL31994_2102c28c4498cdc1805e15d8920c4568a2212a49.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20090609_RL31994_2102c28c4498cdc1805e15d8920c4568a2212a49.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Same-sex marriage -- Law and legislation", "name": "Same-sex marriage -- Law and legislation" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Law", "name": "Law" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Domestic partners", "name": "Domestic partners" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Gays", "name": "Gays" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Homosexuality", "name": "Homosexuality" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Marriage", "name": "Marriage" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc807993/", "id": "RL31994_2008Nov18", "date": "2008-11-18", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Same-Sex Marriages: Legal Issues", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20081118_RL31994_fd4afb91e1eb50cd0c578b14aaec75eef765ff32.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20081118_RL31994_fd4afb91e1eb50cd0c578b14aaec75eef765ff32.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc811743/", "id": "RL31994_2008May20", "date": "2008-05-20", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Same-Sex Marriages: Legal Issues", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20080520_RL31994_b433f5019a05d77663864bbe90dd2b96320aea41.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20080520_RL31994_b433f5019a05d77663864bbe90dd2b96320aea41.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc815417/", "id": "RL31994_2006Jul17", "date": "2006-07-17", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Same-Sex Marriages: Legal Issues", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20060717_RL31994_aafbd5dc51d8d4900c853ba68b269f417516275a.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20060717_RL31994_aafbd5dc51d8d4900c853ba68b269f417516275a.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc811078/", "id": "RL31994_2006Jun14", "date": "2006-06-14", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Same-Sex Marriages: Legal Issues", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20060614_RL31994_2a5404f28624f9a1db36498276c6fef1e9761c78.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20060614_RL31994_2a5404f28624f9a1db36498276c6fef1e9761c78.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc813069/", "id": "RL31994_2006May22", "date": "2006-05-22", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Same-Sex Marriages: Legal Issues", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20060522_RL31994_d6b9b00c982cbc6681e5d0364c01e7ef373506fc.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20060522_RL31994_d6b9b00c982cbc6681e5d0364c01e7ef373506fc.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8030/", "id": "RL31994 2005-12-05", "date": "2005-12-05", "retrieved": "2006-02-14T16:44:46", "title": "Same-Sex Marriages: Legal Issues", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20051205_RL31994_3433bce0e9f5f31ce49e4f5a850bedeb793dbb8e.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20051205_RL31994_3433bce0e9f5f31ce49e4f5a850bedeb793dbb8e.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Families", "name": "Families" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Same-sex marriage - 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