{
  "id": "RL32014",
  "type": "CRS Report",
  "typeId": "REPORTS",
  "number": "RL32014",
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      "id": 410014,
      "date": "2012-04-23",
      "retrieved": "2016-04-07T00:08:31.533757",
      "title": "WTO Dispute Settlement: Status of U.S. Compliance in Pending Cases",
      "summary": "Although the United States has complied with adverse rulings in many past World Trade Organization (WTO) disputes, there are currently 14 cases in which rulings have not yet been implemented or the United States has acted and the dispute has not been fully resolved. Under WTO dispute settlement rules, a WTO Member will generally be given a reasonable period of time to comply. While the Member is expected to remove the offending measure by the end of this period, compensation and temporary retaliation are available if the Member has not acted or not taken adequate remedial action by this time. Either disputing party may request a compliance panel if there is disagreement over whether a Member has complied in a case.\nNine unresolved cases involve trade remedies, including a long-standing dispute with Japan over a provision of U.S. antidumping (AD) law and another with various WTO Members over the Continued Dumping and Subsidy Offset Act of 2000. The Offset Act was repealed as of October 2005, but remains the target of sanctions by the European Union (EU) and Japan due to continued payments to U.S. firms authorized under the repealer (P.L. 109-171). Six of these cases involve \u201czeroing,\u201d a practice under which the Department of Commerce (DOC), in calculating dumping margins in AD proceedings, disregards non-dumped sales. The practice was challenged by the EU (DS294/DS350), Japan (DS322), and Mexico (DS344), resulting in broad prohibitions on its use. The United States administratively resolved one aspect of DS294 by abandoning zeroing in original AD investigations, but has yet to comply fully either in this case or in DS350, 322, or 344, leading the EU (in DS294) and Japan to request the WTO to authorize sanctions. Under memoranda signed by the United States with each complainant on February 6, 2012, however, U.S.-requested arbitration of the two sanctions proposals has been suspended while the United States makes new dumping determinations in challenged AD proceedings using a methodology finalized in March 2012 that eliminates zeroing in later stages of AD cases. The sanctions arbitrations will be terminated once implementation of the new determinations is complete. A compliance panel report in Mexico\u2019s zeroing dispute has not yet been publicly circulated. The United States was expected to comply by March 17, 2012, in Brazil\u2019s zeroing challenge (DS382), but it is unclear if recent U.S. action will resolve the dispute. A July 2, 2012, deadline is in place in the dispute with Vietnam (DS404). The United States is expected to comply by April 25, 2012, in China\u2019s challenge to U.S. countervailing duties imposed on Chinese goods (DS379).\nPanel and Appellate Body reports were adopted in the EU\u2019s successful challenge of U.S. aircraft subsidies on March 23, 2012 (DS353) (\u201cBoeing\u201d case), and the United States is expected to comply by September 23, 2012. In Brazil\u2019s dispute over U.S. cotton subsidies (DS267), Congress repealed a WTO-inconsistent cotton program in 2006 (P.L. 109-171), but other programs were also successfully challenged and the United States was found not to have fully complied. The United States later made statutory and administrative changes to the export credit guarantee program faulted in the case. While the WTO has authorized Brazil to retaliate, the United States and Brazil signed an agreement in June 2010 aimed at permanently resolving the dispute. It includes Brazil\u2019s pledge not to impose sanctions during the life of the agreement and foresees possible legislative resolution of the dispute in the 2012 farm bill. The United States and Antigua have been consulting on outstanding issues in Antigua\u2019s challenge of U.S. online gambling restrictions (DS285); compensation agreements between the United States and various WTO Members in exchange for U.S. withdrawal of its WTO gambling commitments, an action taken to resolve the case, will not enter into effect until issues with Antigua are settled. Also unsettled are long-pending disputes with the European Union (EU) over a music copyright law (DS160) and a statutory trademark provision affecting property confiscated by Cuba (DS176).",
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      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc99081/",
      "id": "RL32014_2011Mar11",
      "date": "2011-03-11",
      "retrieved": "2012-08-31T21:48:36",
      "title": "WTO Dispute Settlement: Status of U.S. Compliance in Pending Cases",
      "summary": "This report discusses the details of fourteen World Trade Organization (WTO) disputes in which rulings have not yet been  implemented or in which the United States has acted and the dispute has not been fully resolved.  The cases include disputes regarding trade remedies, antidumping, aircraft subsidies, cotton subsidies, online gambling restrictions, music copyright law, and trademark infringement.",
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          "id": "International trade",
          "name": "International trade"
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        {
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          "id": "Balance of trade",
          "name": "Balance of trade"
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          "id": "Trade agreements",
          "name": "Trade agreements"
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          "id": "Trade",
          "name": "Trade"
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          "id": "Antidumping",
          "name": "Antidumping"
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          "id": "Export subsidies",
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        {
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          "id": "Internet gambling",
          "name": "Internet gambling"
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          "id": "Copyright",
          "name": "Copyright"
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          "id": "Trademarks",
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      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc503482/",
      "id": "RL32014_2010Jan29",
      "date": "2010-01-29",
      "retrieved": "2015-04-30T17:37:21",
      "title": "WTO Dispute Settlement: Status of U.S. Compliance in Pending Cases",
      "summary": "This report provides a summary of the status of U.S. compliance efforts in pending World Trade Organization (WTO) disputes that have resulted in adverse rulings against the United States. The report contains an overview of WTO dispute settlement procedures, a discussion of U.S. laws relating to WTO dispute proceedings, and a list of pending WTO disputes compliance phase, with a discussion of major issues and the U.S. compliance history in each.",
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          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "International trade",
          "name": "International trade"
        },
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          "id": "Balance of trade",
          "name": "Balance of trade"
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          "name": "Trade agreements"
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        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Trade",
          "name": "Trade"
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          "id": "Antidumping",
          "name": "Antidumping"
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        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Export subsidies",
          "name": "Export subsidies"
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        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Internet gambling",
          "name": "Internet gambling"
        },
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          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Copyright",
          "name": "Copyright"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Trademarks",
          "name": "Trademarks"
        }
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    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc98049/",
      "id": "RL32014_2008Jan07",
      "date": "2008-01-07",
      "retrieved": "2012-08-21T08:46:06",
      "title": "WTO Dispute Settlement: Status of U.S. Compliance in Pending Cases",
      "summary": "This report provides a summary of the status of U.S. compliance efforts in pending World Trade Organization (WTO) disputes that have resulted in adverse rulings against the United States. The report begins with an overview of WTO dispute settlement procedures, focusing on the compliance phase of the process, followed by a discussion of U.S. laws relating to WTO dispute proceedings. The report then lists pending WTO disputes in the compliance phase, with a brief discussion of major issues and the U.S. compliance history in each.",
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      "topics": [
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          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "International trade",
          "name": "International trade"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Tariff agreements",
          "name": "Tariff agreements"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Foreign trade",
          "name": "Foreign trade"
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      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc815355/",
      "id": "RL32014_2007Aug14",
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