{
  "id": "RL32038",
  "type": "CRS Report",
  "typeId": "REPORTS",
  "number": "RL32038",
  "active": false,
  "source": "EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
  "versions": [
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      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 319375,
      "date": "2005-09-20",
      "retrieved": "2016-04-07T19:31:12.934029",
      "title": "Drug Certification/Designation Procedures for Illicit Narcotics Producing and Transit Countries",
      "summary": "This report summarizes the congressionally-mandated presidential designation procedures on\nmajor\nillicit narcotics producing and transit countries in Section 706 of the Foreign Relations Authorization\nAct for FY2003 ( H.R. 1646 / P.L. 107-228 ) enacted in September 2002. To put the new\nprocedures in perspective, the report also provides information on the past procedures, the\ncongressional modifications, and recent presidential designations under the revised procedures. This\nreport will not be updated. \n From the mid-1980s to 2001, Congress required the President to certify in early March that\nspecified drug producing and drug transit countries were \"cooperating fully\" with the United States\nin counter-narcotics efforts in order to avoid a series of sanctions, including suspension of U.S.\nforeign assistance, and opposition to loans in the multilateral development banks. The sanctions\nwould also apply if the Congress, within 30 calendar days, passed a joint resolution of disapproval\nto overturn the presidential certification. Spokesmen from many countries complained about the\nunilateral and non-cooperative nature of the drug certification requirements, and a movement to\nmodify the process developed in Congress in 2000-2002.\n In 2001 (on a temporary, one-year basis) and in 2002 (on a permanent but initially transitional\nbasis), a law with new procedures was enacted. This law requires the President to make a report in\nmid-September of each year that identifies the major drug producing or transit countries. At the\nsame time, the President is required to designate and to withhold assistance from any of the named\ncountries that has \"failed demonstrably,\" during the previous 12 months, to adhere to international\ncounter-narcotics agreements. Under the legislation, the President may waive the withholding of\nassistance if he determines this to be in the national interest.  Acting under this legislation,\nPresident Bush made designations on a transitional basis for\nFY2002 and FY2003 and then made determinations on the designated date for FY2004, FY2005,\nand FY2006. \n   On February 23, 2002, the President designated Afghanistan, Burma and Haiti\nas having \"failed demonstrably\" but granted national interest waivers to Haiti and Afghanistan under\nthe new government.  \n   On January 31, 2003, the President designated Burma, Guatemala, and Haiti,\nbut granted national interest waivers to Guatemala and Haiti.   \n   On September 15, 2003, the President designated Burma and Haiti, but granted\na national interest waiver to Haiti.  \n   On September 15, 2004, the President designated Burma as having \"failed\ndemonstrably\" in counter-narcotics efforts.  \n   On September 15, 2005, the President designated Burma and Venezuela but\ngranted a national interest waiver to Venezuela to permit a continuation of U.S. assistance.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
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    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc805718/",
      "id": "RL32038_2004Sep20",
      "date": "2004-09-20",
      "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26",
      "title": "Drug Certification/Designation Procedures for Illicit Narcotics Producing and Transit Countries",
      "summary": null,
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORT",
      "active": false,
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      "topics": []
    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc819653/",
      "id": "RL32038_2003Sep22",
      "date": "2003-09-22",
      "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26",
      "title": "Drug Certification/Designation Procedures for Illicit Narcotics Producing and Transit Countries",
      "summary": null,
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORT",
      "active": false,
      "formats": [
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  "topics": [
    "Foreign Affairs",
    "Latin American Affairs"
  ]
}