{
  "id": "RL32120",
  "type": "CRS Report",
  "typeId": "REPORTS",
  "number": "RL32120",
  "active": false,
  "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
  "versions": [
    {
      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 104158,
      "date": "2003-10-21",
      "retrieved": "2016-04-08T14:35:55.873544",
      "title": "The \"FTO List\" and Congress: Sanctioning Designated Foreign Terrorist Organizations",
      "summary": "The purpose of this report is to provide Congress with an overview of the nature and status of\nthe designated foreign terrorist organizations list, as a potential tool in overseeing the\nimplementation and effects of U.S. legislation designed to sanction terrorists. It centers on the list\nof terrorist groups that are formally designated by the Secretary of State pursuant to section 219 of\nthe Immigration and Nationality Act, as amended under the Antiterrorism and Effective Death\nPenalty Act of 1996 ( P.L. 104-132 ). These groups are often collectively referred to as the \"FTO\nlist.\" \n  FTO list designations, which last for two years and must be renewed, occur after an interagency\nprocess involving the departments of State, Justice, Homeland Security, and the Treasury. Since the\ndesignations can be challenged in court, they require a detailed administrative record often based on\nclassified information. An organization that is placed on the FTO list is subject to financial and\nimmigration sanctions, potentially including the blocking of assets, the prosecution of supporters\nwho provide funds, refusal of visas, and deportations of members. There have been a number of\ndesignations and changes since the list was established, but it currently includes thirty-six\norganizations. (See Appendix A.) \n  The FTO list is often confused with some of the other \"terrorist lists\" that are maintained by\nthe U.S. government. These include the \"state-sponsors of terrorism\" list, which is pursuant to\nSection 6(j) of the 1979 Export Administration Act ( P.L. 96-72 ; 50 U.S.C. app. 2405(6)(j)); the\n\"Specially Designated Terrorists\" (SDTs) list, which is pursuant to the International Emergency\nEconomic Powers Act ( P.L. 95-223 ; 50 U.S.C.  1701  et seq .) and was initiated in 1995\nunder\nPresidential Executive Order 12947; the \"Specially Designated Global Terrorists\" (SDGT) list,\ninitiated in 2001 under Presidential Executive Order 13224; and, finally, the \"Specially Designated\nNationals and Blocked Persons\" (SDN) list, a master list that contains the other lists. All of these\nare summarized and maintained by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the Treasury Department. \nLastly, the \"Terrorist Exclusion List\" or \"TEL,\" which relates to immigration and is pursuant to\nSection 411 of the USA Patriot Act of 2001 (8 U.S.C. 1182) is maintained by the State Department. \nLike the FTO list, the TEL includes the names of terrorist organizations, but it has a broader standard\nfor inclusion, is subject to less stringent administrative requirements, and is not challengeable in\ncourt. There is a complicated interplay among all of these lists, and it is important to distinguish\nthem from the better-known FTO list. \n  The FTO list has been of considerable interest to Congress, and there are arguments in favor\nand against it. It publicly stigmatizes groups and provides a clear focal point for interagency\ncooperation on terrorist sanctions; however, some argue that it is inflexible and misleading, since\ngroups that are not on the list are still often subject to U.S. sanctions. The report concludes with a\ndiscussion of potential policy options for Congress, including some of the recently proposed\namendments to the legislation that establishes it. It will be updated as events warrant.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORTS",
      "active": false,
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      "topics": []
    }
  ],
  "topics": [
    "Foreign Affairs",
    "Intelligence and National Security"
  ]
}