{
  "id": "RL32147",
  "type": "CRS Report",
  "typeId": "REPORTS",
  "number": "RL32147",
  "active": false,
  "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
  "versions": [
    {
      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 104183,
      "date": "2003-11-13",
      "retrieved": "2016-04-08T14:34:19.523544",
      "title": "Climate Change: Federal Research and Technology and Related Programs",
      "summary": "For over 20 years there have been federal programs directly or indirectly related to climate\nchange. \nDirect programs have focused largely on scientific research to improve the capability to understand\nclimate systems and/or predict climatic change and variability. Energy use has been a major focus\nof efforts related to possible climate change because carbon dioxide, the major \"greenhouse gas,\"\nis added to the atmosphere when fossil fuels are burned. Those efforts, which sought to reduce oil\nimports, manage electricity needs, and address environmental concerns including climate change,\ninvolve many parts of the government. Similarly, climate science efforts in various agencies have\nsought to expand scientific understanding of the dynamics of climate and its societal consequences\nas a basis for policy decisions that rely on improved predictions of future climate conditions and\nclimate impact assessments. Coordinating these efforts has been challenging. This report identifies\nand discusses only the direct climate scientific and research programs of the federal government, and\ndoes not focus on the wide array of programs on energy that, though relevant indirectly to climate\nchange, do not include climate as a specific goal.\n  The U.S. Global Change Research Program in the first Bush Administration, and subsequently\nin the Clinton Administration, funded studies to improve scientific understanding of the processes\nthat influence Earth's climate, including trends on global and regional scales. The Climate Change\nTechnology Initiative (CCTI) was the Clinton Administration's package of research and\ndevelopment (R&D) to develop renewable energy sources and more efficient technologies,\ntargeted\ntax credits (to encourage purchase and deployment of more efficient technologies), and voluntary\ninformation programs (so businesses and schools might be better informed when making purchasing\nand operating decisions involving energy use and emissions).\n  The CCTI was followed by the current Bush Administration's Climate Change Research\nInitiative (CCRI) and National Climate Change Technology Initiative (NCCTI), both parts of a\ncabinet-level Committee on Climate Change Science and Technology Integration. The CCRI and\nthe extant U.S. Global Change Research Program were combined into the Climate Change Science\nProgram (CCSP) in the FY2004 budget. Various major activities of the CCTI appear to continue\nat different funding levels through the Bush Administration, while using a different name. The Final\nReport of the Strategic Plan for the Climate Change Science Program was released in July 2003.\n  The FY2004 budget requests $1.7 billion to sponsor scientific research directly managed by the\nCCSP, and $1.2 billion for technology R&D in the NCCTI. An interagency review process is\nunderway to identify specific research areas.\n  With various details about the Bush Administration's climate change efforts still in\ndevelopment, some critics highlight the need for clearer goals for climate change R&D, while\nsome\nproponents note that further R&D is needed if certain climate change management strategies\nare to\nbe put in place. This report will be updated as events warrant.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORTS",
      "active": false,
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      "topics": []
    }
  ],
  "topics": [
    "Energy Policy",
    "Science and Technology Policy"
  ]
}