{ "id": "RL32189", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "number": "RL32189", "active": false, "source": "EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "versions": [ { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 414372, "date": "2012-11-28", "retrieved": "2016-04-06T23:48:27.834399", "title": "Terrorism and Security Issues Facing the Water Infrastructure Sector", "summary": "Damage to or destruction of the nation\u2019s water supply and water quality infrastructure by terrorist attack or natural disaster could disrupt the delivery of vital human services in this country, threatening public health and the environment, or possibly causing loss of life. Interest in such problems increased after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks in the United States.\nAcross the country, water infrastructure systems extend over vast areas, and ownership and operation responsibility are both public and private, but are overwhelmingly non-federal. Since the attacks, federal dam operators and local water and wastewater utilities have been under heightened security conditions and are evaluating security plans and measures. There are no federal standards or agreed-upon industry practices within the water infrastructure sector to govern readiness, response to security incidents, and recovery. Efforts to develop protocols and tools are ongoing since the 9/11 terrorist attacks. This report presents an overview of this large and diverse sector, describes security-related actions by the government and private sector since 9/11, and discusses additional policy issues and responses, including congressional interest.\nPolicymakers have been considering a number of initiatives, including enhanced physical security, better communication and coordination, and research. A key issue is how additional protections and resources directed at public and private sector priorities will be funded. In response, Congress has provided some appropriations for security at water infrastructure facilities (to assess and protect federal facilities and support security assessment and risk reduction activities by non-federal facilities) and passed a bill requiring drinking water utilities to conduct security vulnerability assessments (P.L. 107-188). When Congress created the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) in 2002 (P.L. 107-297), it gave DHS responsibilities to coordinate information to secure the nation\u2019s critical infrastructure, including the water sector. Under Homeland Security Presidential Directive-7, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is the lead federal agency for protecting drinking water and wastewater utility systems.\nRecent congressional interest has focused on two legislative issues: (1) security of wastewater utilities, and (2) whether to include water utilities in chemical plant security regulations implemented by DHS. Congress has considered legislation to encourage wastewater treatment works to conduct vulnerability assessments and develop site security plans, but none has been enacted. Congress also has considered legislation to extend DHS\u2019s Chemical Facilities Anti-Terrorism Standards and, as part of that debate, whether to preserve an existing exemption for water utilities from chemical facility standards or to include them in the scope of DHS security rules. For now, the exemption from DHS standards remains in place. \nSince the terrorist attacks of 2001, wastewater and drinking water utilities have been engaged in numerous activities to assess potential vulnerabilities and strengthen facility and system protections. Congressional oversight of this sector\u2019s homeland security activities has been limited but could be of interest in the 113th Congress.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL32189", "sha1": "5ed6f27af59b427fd0eae256f8e17dc5dfcb8c97", "filename": "files/20121128_RL32189_5ed6f27af59b427fd0eae256f8e17dc5dfcb8c97.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL32189", "sha1": "c774a9451b41249fc60ef6318ba02aaaf3eab371", "filename": "files/20121128_RL32189_c774a9451b41249fc60ef6318ba02aaaf3eab371.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc491491/", "id": "RL32189_2010Dec15", "date": "2010-12-15", "retrieved": "2015-01-27T19:40:46", "title": "Terrorism and Security Issues Facing the Water Infrastructure Sector", "summary": "This report examines recent congressional interest in the security of wastewater utilities, and whether or not to include water utilities in chemical plant security regulations implemented by Department of Homeland Security. Damage to or destruction of the nation's water supply and water quality infrastructure by terrorist attack or natural disaster could disrupt the delivery of vital human services in this country, threatening public health and the environment, or possibly causing loss of life. Interest in such problems has increased greatly since the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks in the United States.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20101215_RL32189_8946737e171107435699e5782e4479eaa7395566.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20101215_RL32189_8946737e171107435699e5782e4479eaa7395566.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Water resources", "name": "Water resources" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Infrastructure", "name": "Infrastructure" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Water supply -- Security measures", "name": "Water supply -- Security measures" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc503499/", "id": "RL32189_2010Mar16", "date": "2010-03-16", "retrieved": "2015-04-30T17:37:21", "title": "Terrorism and Security Issues Facing the Water Infrastructure Sector", 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"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc503524/", "id": "RL32189_2010Jan06", "date": "2010-01-06", "retrieved": "2015-04-30T17:37:21", "title": "Terrorism and Security Issues Facing the Water Infrastructure Sector", "summary": "This report presents an overview of the large and diverse sector of water infrastructure systems, describes security-related actions by the government and private sector since September 11, 2001, and discusses additional policy issues and responses, including congressional interest.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20100106_RL32189_60e7ee6a7f9995b6b96d9f12bb836d132a21b19b.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20100106_RL32189_60e7ee6a7f9995b6b96d9f12bb836d132a21b19b.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Water resources", "name": "Water resources" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Infrastructure", "name": "Infrastructure" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Water 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