{
  "id": "RL32282",
  "type": "CRS Report",
  "typeId": "REPORTS",
  "number": "RL32282",
  "active": false,
  "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
  "versions": [
    {
      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 104288,
      "date": "2004-02-16",
      "retrieved": "2016-04-08T14:27:27.768778",
      "title": "Bosnia and Kosovo: U.S. Military Operations",
      "summary": "With the on-going requirements of U.S. military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, the\ncontinuing\npeacekeeping deployments in the Balkans have come under congressional scrutiny to determine\nwhether or not they could be safely reduced or terminated. This report examines the history and\ncurrent status of U.S. military operations in the Balkans, and will be updated as events warrant.\n  In Paris on December 14, 1995, the presidents of Bosnia, Croatia, and Serbia signed the peace\nsettlement negotiated in Dayton, OH (Dayton Accords). The United Nations Security Council's\nResolution 1031 authorized the NATO-led implementation force (IFOR) for one year. On December\n12, 1996, the Security Council authorized a follow-on force, dubbed the Stabilization Force (SFOR). \nThis authorization has been renewed annually. In March 1998, the NATO allies agreed that SFOR\nwill remain in Bosnia until significant progress has been made in the implementation of the Dayton\nAccords.\n  SFOR is now a force of about 12,000 troops. The U.S. contingent has been about 1,800. It will\nbe reduced to 800 by summer 2004, and probably withdrawn by 2005 when the European Union is\nexpected to take over peacekeeping duties from NATO. U.S. forces have suffered no fatal casualties\nfrom hostile action in Bosnia. SFOR continues the mission of monitoring and enforcing\ndemilitarized zones and weapon cantonment. These efforts have been credited a success. NATO\ncommanders have lent assistance to civilian authorities in their efforts to create a stable political\nenvironment (e.g., detaining war crimes suspects, and providing support for elections and limited\nassistance for refugees). \n  In Kosovo, with the failure of peace talks on March 24, 1999 NATO began  Operation\n Allied\nForce  airstrikes against targets in Serbia and Kosovo. In June Yugoslavia accepted a peace\nproposal\nand signed a military-technical agreement with NATO providing for the withdrawal of all Yugoslav\nforces from Kosovo and turning military control of the province over to NATO's peacekeeping\nforces (KFOR). U.N. Security Council Resolution 1244 endorsed the peace settlement and \"an\ninternational security presence with substantial NATO participation.\" It is expected that NATO\nforces will remain in Kosovo until its political status is resolved.\n  KFOR totals about 20,000 troops in Kosovo, with the United States contributing about 2,100\ntroops. The U.S. has suffered no casualties from hostile action. \n  \n  Congress has appropriated approximately $23.5 billion for Bosnia and Kosovo operations from\nFY1992 through FY2004. \n  Congressional concerns have focused on the impact of Balkan operations on 1) military\nreadiness and the ability to maintain military operations in Iraq, 2) whether there has been an\nequitable distribution of responsibilities among the NATO allies and 3) if the United States needs\nto participate in Balkan peacekeeping operations at all.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORTS",
      "active": false,
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      "topics": []
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}