{
  "id": "RL32351",
  "type": "CRS Report",
  "typeId": "REPORTS",
  "number": "RL32351",
  "active": false,
  "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
  "versions": [
    {
      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 104321,
      "date": "2004-04-08",
      "retrieved": "2016-04-08T14:22:50.445486",
      "title": "Cultural Property: International Conventions and United States Legislation",
      "summary": "The looting of the Iraq Museum in Baghdad, initially described as a devastating blow to the\nworld's\ncultural heritage, has raised interest in measures to protect cultural patrimony. While more recent\nreports revealed that the loss of museum holdings had been exaggerated, the damage continues to\nbe assessed as significant. There is broad international consensus that antiquities and art deserve\nspecial protection from the ravages of war, as is codified in the 1907 Hague Regulations, the 1949\nGeneva Conventions, and the 1954 Hague Convention. Other agreements address protection of world\nheritage from pilfering and smuggling, including conventions drafted under the auspices of the\nUnited Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the United Nations\nInternational Institute for the Unification of Private Law (UNIDROIT). However, there is no\ninternational consensus on the most appropriate and effective means of providing protection. U.S.\nlaw to prevent the illicit \"black market\" trade in art and antiquities imposes both civil and criminal\nsanctions on art thieves, looters, and smugglers. \n  This report describes relevant treaties, U.N. Security Council Resolution 1483, current U.S.\n law,\nand proposed legislation, including  H.Con.Res. 113 , the Iraq Cultural Protection Act\n( H.R. 2009  and  H.R. 3497 ), and the Emergency Protection for Iraqi\nCultural Antiquities Act of 2004 (S.\u00a01291 and  S. 671 , the latter of which\nhas passed the Senate as an engrossed amendment to  H.R. 1047 , the Miscellaneous\nTrade and Technical Corrections Act of 2004). The report will be updated as events require.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORTS",
      "active": false,
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      "topics": []
    }
  ],
  "topics": [
    "Foreign Affairs"
  ]
}