{
  "id": "RL32481",
  "type": "CRS Report",
  "typeId": "REPORTS",
  "number": "RL32481",
  "active": false,
  "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
  "versions": [
    {
      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 102675,
      "date": "2004-07-12",
      "retrieved": "2016-04-07T20:12:37.143950",
      "title": "Homeland Security Research and Development Funding and Activities in Federal Agencies: A Preliminary Inventory",
      "summary": "According to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), federal agency funding for\nhomeland\nsecurity research and development (R&D) was requested at $3.6 billion for FY2005, a 5.4%\nincrease\nover the enacted FY2004 level, and about 63% more than enacted for FY2003, and about double the\nresources used in FY2002. The Department of Homeland Security's (DHS) R&D programs\nconstitute about one-third of total federal homeland security R&D funding. Other agencies\nwhich\nhave substantial homeland security R&D budgets, listed in descending funding order, include\nthe\nNational Institutes of Health, the Department of Defense, the Department of Justice, the National\nScience Foundation, the Department of Agriculture, the Environmental Protection Agency, the\nDepartment of Commerce, the Department of Energy, and the Department of Transportation. The\nsum of $3.6 billion is a large amount and, arguably, the fastest growing component of the federal\nR&D budget. DHS has statutory responsibilities, mandated by the Homeland Security Act,  P.L.\n107-296 , to coordinate federal homeland security R&D throughout the government. According\nto\nDHS's Under Secretary for Science and Technology, homeland security R&D will be\ncoordinated\nby fall 2004. \n  Coordination and subsequent congressional oversight, depend, in part, on the quality of\ninformation about federal homeland security R&D. The little information that is available does\nnot\npermit identification of the components of homeland security R&D funding nor systematic\ncomparisons among agencies. This makes it difficult to answer questions about priority-setting and\ncoordination. R&D seems to appear most prominently in two categories of funding OMB uses\nto\nidentify types of homeland security budget accounts: the two homeland security missions of \n\"defending against catastrophic threats,\"and of \"protecting critical infrastructures and key assets.\" \nHowever, the R&D components of these categories have not been clearly identified. It is not\npossible\nto compare across agencies to determine the actual funding for homeland security R&D in \nfunctional areas, such as countering bioterrorism, border security, information security, threat\nmitigation, and so forth; or for fields of science, such as chemistry, environmental science or\npsychology. Clearer and more consistent information about homeland security R&D might\nassist\nin eliminating unnecessary duplication, filling in gaps, identifying future R&D personnel needs,\nand\nimproving the capability of different types of R&D performers.\n  OMB has responsibility to gather homeland security R&D data and federal agencies also\npublish information tailored to their needs. Section 889 of  P.L. 107-296  requires OMB to report on\nhomeland security funding and to consult at least annually with Congress to identify which activities\nconstitute homeland security activities for budgeting purposes. There are many obstacles to\nobtaining consistent information and several options to improve these data. These are addressed in\na companion  CRS Report RL32482(pdf) ,  Federal Homeland Security Research and Development\nFunding: Issues of Data Quality,  by Genevieve J. Knezo. This report will not be updated.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORTS",
      "active": false,
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          "format": "PDF",
          "encoding": null,
          "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL32481",
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      ],
      "topics": []
    }
  ],
  "topics": [
    "Intelligence and National Security",
    "National Defense",
    "Science and Technology Policy"
  ]
}