{
  "id": "RL32504",
  "type": "CRS Report",
  "typeId": "REPORTS",
  "number": "RL32504",
  "active": false,
  "source": "EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
  "versions": [
    {
      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 309168,
      "date": "2005-10-19",
      "retrieved": "2016-04-07T19:29:35.649029",
      "title": "Funding Plant and Animal Health Emergencies: Transfers from the Commodity Credit Corporation",
      "summary": "The Secretary of Agriculture has the authority to transfer funds from the Commodity Credit\nCorporation (CCC) to the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) for emergency\ncontrol programs. The Secretary\u2019s use of this authority has increased in recent years, and\nhas become\nan issue within government concerning the method for funding plant and animal health programs.\n \n The authority to transfer money for plant and animal health emergencies is found both in annual\nappropriations acts and in authorizing statutes. Discretion rests with the Secretary of Agriculture,\nwho is subject to limited review when making transfers.\n \n The definition and use of the word \u201cemergency\u201d have caused particular concern. \nSome parties\ninterpret emergency to include only the initial occurrence of an outbreak. Others interpret emergency\nto include any outbreak that \u201cthreatens agricultural production\u201d for which officials\ndeem\nappropriations insufficient.\n \n CCC transfers represent a significant source of funding for APHIS activities. Nearly all CCC\nto APHIS transfers go to the pest and disease management function. Such CCC transfers rose from\n$31 million in FY1998 to a high of $378 million in FY2003, an increase of 1,100% in six years,\nbefore declining to $168 million in FY2005. From FY1998 to FY2005, CCC transfers averaged\n$211 million annually, almost 10 times as much as over the FY1990-FY1998 period.\n \n In recent years, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has been concerned over the\nfrequent use of CCC transfers for the eradication of plant and animal pests and diseases, which OMB\nhas said should be funded through regular appropriations after the initial outbreak. However,\ncongressional appropriations committees have consistently reiterated that the Secretary should use\nthe authority to transfer CCC funds, and USDA has continued its past practice of using the funds.\n \n Analysis of CCC transfers for plant and animal health emergencies from FY1998 to FY2005\nleads to several observations. First, the number and value of CCC transfers rose substantially from\nFY1998 to FY2003. Second, several eradication programs were short-term and funded only by CCC\ntransfers, while other programs consistently have received CCC transfers in addition to\nappropriations. Finally, some programs receive large, initial CCC transfers followed by\nprogressively smaller transfers as appropriations gradually take their place.\n \n Examples of pest and disease programs receiving CCC transfers in recent years include Asian\nlonghorned beetle, avian influenza, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (\u201cmad cow\ndisease\u201d), citrus\ncanker, emerald ash borer, glassy-winged sharpshooter, plum pox, and sudden oak death.  \n This report will be updated if significant developments ensue.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORTS",
      "active": false,
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    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc805739/",
      "id": "RL32504_2004Jul30",
      "date": "2004-07-30",
      "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26",
      "title": "Funding Plant and Animal Health Emergencies: Transfers from the Commodity Credit Corporation",
      "summary": null,
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORT",
      "active": false,
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      "topics": []
    }
  ],
  "topics": [
    "Agricultural Policy",
    "Appropriations"
  ]
}