{
  "id": "RL32526",
  "type": "CRS Report",
  "typeId": "REPORTS",
  "number": "RL32526",
  "active": false,
  "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
  "versions": [
    {
      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 100101,
      "date": "2004-08-11",
      "retrieved": "2016-04-07T20:10:53.558836",
      "title": "Electronic Voting Systems (DREs): Legislation in the 108th Congress",
      "summary": "Several bills have been introduced in the 108th Congress to address issues that have been raised\nabout\nthe security of direct recording electronic (DRE) voting machines. Touchscreen and other DREs\nusing computer-style displays are arguably the most versatile and voter-friendly of any current voting\nsystem. The popularity of DREs, particularly the touchscreen variety, has grown in recent years. In\naddition, the Help America Vote Act of 2002 (HAVA, P.L. 107 -- 252), while not requiring or\nprohibiting the use of any specific kind of voting system, does promote the use of DREs through\nsome of its provisions. About 30% of voters are expected to use DREs in the November 2004\nelection. However, there is currently some controversy about how secure DREs are from tampering. \nThere has been some disagreement among experts about both the seriousness of the security\nconcerns and what should be done to address them. The bills --   H.R. 2239  (Holt),\n S. 1980  (Graham-FL),  S. 1986  (Clinton),  S. 2045 \n(Boxer),  S. 2313  (Graham-FL),  H.R. 4187  (King-IA),  S. 2437  (Ensign),  and   H.R. 4966  (Larson)  -- address these concerns\nin various ways: \n  -- Requiring that all voting systems produce a paper ballot that can be verified by a voter\n before the\nvote is cast ( all   except   S.  1986  and  H.R.\n 4966 ), or that all voting systems\nproduce a verifiable ballot using the most accurate technology, which may or may not be\npaper-based ( S.  1986 ).\n  -- Requiring that voting systems used to fulfill HAVA disability requirements use a system\n not\nrequiring paper that provides for voter verification and separates vote generation from vote\ncasting -- called modular voting architecture -- and providing for assisted voting as an option\nfor jurisdictions unable to meet the requirement ( H.R.  2239/S.  1980, S.\n 2045, S.  2313 ). \n  -- Providing an interim paper-based system to be supplied by the Election Assistance\n Commission\n(EAC) for states unable to meet the verification requirement ( H.R.  2239/S.\n 1980, S.  2045, S.  2313 ).\n  -- Requiring mandatory recounts by the EAC of a small proportion of jurisdictions in each\n state\n( H.R.  2239/S.  1980, S.  2045, S.  2313 ).\n  -- Requiring that all voting system software be available for public inspection (\"open\n source\"), as\ncertified by the EAC ( H.R.  2239/S.  1980, S.  2045, S.\n 2313 ), or that states be provided with copies of the software ( H.R.\n 4966 ).\n  -- Prohibiting the use of wireless communication devices in voting systems, with\n certification by the\nEAC ( H.R.  2239/S.  1980, S.  1986, S.  2045, S.\n 2313 ).\n  -- Requiring adherence to certain security requirements ( all except   S.\n  2437 ).\n  -- Requiring federal certification of voting systems ( S.  2313 ) or\n applying\nconflict-of-interest standards to certification laboratories ( H.R.  4966 ).  \n -- Posting information in the polling place regarding the availability of state administrative\ncomplaint\nprocedures ( H.R.  4966 ).\n  -- Requiring development by the EAC of best practices for accessibility and\n voter-verification ( H.R.\n 2239/S.  1980, S.  2045, S.  2313 ).\n  -- Moving up deadlines for complying with HAVA standards ( H.R.  2239/S.\n 1980, S.  2045, S.  2313 ).\n This report will be updated in response to legislative action on the bills discussed.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORTS",
      "active": false,
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      "topics": []
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  ],
  "topics": [
    "American Law",
    "Economic Policy"
  ]
}