{ "id": "RL32593", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "number": "RL32593", "active": true, "source": "EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "versions": [ { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 446714, "date": "2015-07-31", "retrieved": "2016-04-06T18:41:40.275828", "title": "Thailand: Background and U.S. Relations", "summary": "Thailand is a long-time military ally and a significant trade and economic partner for the United States. For many years, Thailand was seen as a model democracy in Southeast Asia, although this image, along with U.S.-Thai relations, has been complicated by deep political and economic instability in the wake of two military coups in the past nine years. The first, in 2006, displaced Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra, a popular but polarizing figure who is currently living in exile. The second, in 2014, deposed an acting prime minister after Thaksin\u2019s sister, Yingluck Shinawatra, was ousted from the premiership by a Constitutional Court decision that many saw as politically motivated. After the 2014 coup, the military installed General Army Commander Prayuth Chan-ocha as Prime Minister. He remains head of the Thai government. The junta is drafting a new constitution, and elections are unlikely before 2017. \nThailand\u2019s political instability stems primarily from the rivalry between Thaksin\u2019s supporters (loosely known as \u201cred shirts\u201d) and his opponents (\u201cyellow shirts\u201d\u2014largely urban elites, the military, and those loyal to Thailand\u2019s King). Parties loyal to Thaksin have won the last six nationwide elections, including several that took place after the 2006 coup, but a series of prime ministers have been removed, either via coup or court action. \nFollowing the 2014 coup, Thailand faces numerous risks to internal stability. Thaksin\u2019s supporters, analysts warn, feel increasingly disenfranchised, and they may resort to violence to express their political grievances in the future. Concerns also surround the health of Thailand\u2019s widely revered King Bhumiphol Adulyadej and uncertainty about the royal succession process. The royal palace is one of Thailand\u2019s most powerful institutions, and in the past, the King has intervened in periods of internal conflict. Thailand\u2019s government also must contend with a low-level insurgency in the country\u2019s southern, Muslim-majority provinces, where around 6,000 have been killed since 2004. \nSome analysts see U.S.-Thailand relations at an important crossroad. For decades, bilateral military-to-military cooperation has been robust in terms of security assistance, training, and military exercises. After the 2014 coup, the United States suspended security assistance funds to Thailand, and the rationale for an ongoing military relationship is challenged, given that the Thai military has overthrown several democratically elected governments. Nevertheless, some analysts contend that maintaining the U.S.-Thai relationship is vital, warning that, without it, the United States may lose access to Thailand\u2019s strategically located military facilities and that China may become even more influential in the region. Dozens of other U.S. agencies also base their regional headquarters in Thailand, and some officials worry that political tension with Bangkok could threaten those operations as well. \nU.S. interests may also be affected by Thailand\u2019s political instability, which limits Bangkok\u2019s ability to pursue an active foreign policy. Thailand has historically been a leader of the regional Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), and it maintains relatively close relations with both China and neighboring Myanmar. Some believe that having a U.S. ally focused deeply on domestic instability could limit opportunities to pursue broader regional initiatives.\nThe United States and the international community have raised other concerns about Thailand, mainly having to do with human trafficking, the large refugee population living within the country\u2019s borders, and human rights and democracy conditions. This report will be updated periodically.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL32593", "sha1": "0eb450781dd873a28286caf130cf7f6544b42536", "filename": "files/20150731_RL32593_0eb450781dd873a28286caf130cf7f6544b42536.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL32593", "sha1": "ba3ed319a67dca8a6ba5a2dd747663292a7edd50", "filename": "files/20150731_RL32593_ba3ed319a67dca8a6ba5a2dd747663292a7edd50.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 473, "name": "Southeast Asia, Australasia, and the Pacific Islands" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc743382/", "id": "RL32593_2015Jul29", "date": "2015-07-29", "retrieved": "2015-10-20T21:35:54", "title": "Thailand: Background and U.S. 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This includes recent rivalries between populist political forces, nepotism in government, and Thai relationships with neighboring countries.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20110208_RL32593_5dfa6fe91acf00ed448635eb2847ef76169d932e.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20110208_RL32593_5dfa6fe91acf00ed448635eb2847ef76169d932e.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government", "name": "Politics and government" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government -- Thailand", "name": "Politics and government -- Thailand" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Thailand", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Thailand" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- Thailand -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- Thailand -- U.S." } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501970/", "id": "RL32593_2010Jun21", "date": "2010-06-21", "retrieved": "2015-03-30T22:03:27", "title": "Thailand: Background and U.S. Relations", "summary": "This report looks at the relationship between the U.S. and Thailand. 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