{
  "id": "RL32636",
  "type": "CRS Report",
  "typeId": "REPORTS",
  "number": "RL32636",
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      "id": 306058,
      "date": "2005-06-17",
      "retrieved": "2016-04-07T19:41:16.737029",
      "title": "U.S. Assistance to Vietnam",
      "summary": "U.S.-Vietnam diplomatic and economic relations were non-existent for more than fifteen years\nfollowing communist North Vietnam's victory in 1975 over U.S. ally South Vietnam. Normalization\nof relations, particularly in the economic sphere, between the United States and unified Vietnam\nbegan in earnest in the 1990s. As the normalization process has proceeded, the U.S. has eliminated\nmost of the Cold War-era restrictions on U.S. aid to Vietnam, and U.S. assistance has increased\nmarkedly from around $1 million when assistance was resumed in 1991 to nearly $50 million in\nFY2004. \n In recent years, many Members of Congress have become interested in linking U.S. aid to the\nhuman rights situation in Vietnam. One initiative in the 108th Congress,  H.R. 1587 ,\nproposed capping existing non-humanitarian U.S. assistance programs to the Vietnamese\ngovernment at FY2004 levels if the President did not certify that Vietnam is making \"substantial\nprogress\" in human rights, including religious freedom. In the near term, the substantive impact of\n H.R. 1587  on U.S. aid would likely have been negligible because at present, no U.S.\nnon-humanitarian assistance is given directly to the government of Vietnam. Thus, if it had been\nenacted, the bill's principal impact would likely have been symbolic. Proponents of the measure\nargued that it would pressure the Vietnamese government to improve the country's human rights\nsituation. Critics argued that the bill could chill the warming of bilateral political and security ties\nthat has been taking place slowly over the past several months. On July 19, 2004, the House passed\n H.R. 1587 . Attempts to include stripped-down versions of the measure in the\nConsolidated Appropriations Act, 2005 ( H.R. 4818 ) did not succeed.\n U.S. bilateral assistance programs are likely to come under additional scrutiny in the future. At\nsome point in the coming year or two, Congress is expected to consider granting permanent\nnormal trade relations (PNTR) status to Vietnam as part of Vietnam's bid to join the World Trade\nOrganization (WTO). Hanoi has set a goal of attaining WTO membership by the end of 2005. \n This report quantifies and briefly describes U.S. assistance programs to Vietnam. It includes\nan appendix detailing funding levels for U.S. aid programs. The report will be updated\nperiodically.",
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      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc819483/",
      "id": "RL32636_2005Feb11",
      "date": "2005-02-11",
      "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26",
      "title": "U.S. Assistance to Vietnam",
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    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7853/",
      "id": "RL32636 2004-12-03",
      "date": "2004-12-03",
      "retrieved": "2005-12-21T16:22:34",
      "title": "U.S. Assistance to Vietnam",
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      "topics": [
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Foreign aid",
          "name": "Foreign aid"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "American economic assistance - Vietnam",
          "name": "American economic assistance - Vietnam"
        }
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    {
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      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc812200/",
      "id": "RL32636_2004Oct26",
      "date": "2004-10-26",
      "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26",
      "title": "U.S. Assistance to Vietnam",
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      "type": "CRS Report",
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  "topics": [
    "Appropriations"
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}