{ "id": "RL32703", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "number": "RL32703", "active": false, "source": "EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "versions": [ { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 365605, "date": "2010-07-15", "retrieved": "2016-04-07T01:34:25.346087", "title": "The U.N. Population Fund: Background and the U.S. Funding Debate", "summary": "The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), established in 1969, is the world\u2019s largest source of population and reproductive health programs and the principal unit within the United Nations for global population issues. In 2009, the organization provided services in 155 developing and transition countries, with funds totaling $783.1 million, drawn primarily from voluntary contributions made by nations and some foundations.\nThe United States, with strong support from Congress, was an important actor in the launch of UNFPA in 1969. During the mid-to-late 1960s, Congress began to express heightened concern over the impact of rapid population growth on development prospects in poor countries. In 1967, Congress earmarked funds for population assistance programs, urging the United States to channel family planning resources through the United Nations and other international organizations.\nSince it was established, UNFPA has transitioned from an organization focused on statistical collection and analysis to an agency providing maternal and child health/family planning assistance. UNFPA played a large role in shaping the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development, held in Cairo. The Cairo Conference marked a turning point in the international debate over the impact of population issues on global development, and established a policy framework called the Plan of Action that continues to guide current family planning and reproductive health policies, including the work of UNFPA. The Plan integrated population concerns into the broad context of development\u2014concluding that education and health, including reproductive health, were prerequisites for sustainable development.\nIn the past three decades, there has been continuing and contentious debate within the United States, especially among Members of Congress, as to whether the United States should financially support UNFPA. This debate has centered on the extent to which, if any, UNFPA aids China\u2019s coercive family planning programs and policies. In 15 of the past 25 years, the United States did not contribute to the organization as a result of executive branch determinations that UNFPA\u2019s program in China violated the \u201cKemp-Kasten\u201d amendment, which bans U.S. aid to organizations involved in the management of coercive family planning programs. From FY2002 through FY2008, the George W. Bush Administration found UNFPA ineligible for funding under the Kemp-Kasten amendment. \nIn March 2009, President Barack Obama expressed his support for UNFPA and announced that the United States would contribute $50 million to the organization as directed in the Omnibus Appropriations Act, 2009 (P.L. 111-8). On December 16, 2009, President Obama signed the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2010 (P.L. 111-117). Division F of that bill, the Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2010, directed that $55 million should be made available for UNFPA. For FY2011, the Obama Administration requested $50 million for U.S. contributions to UNFPA, which would be drawn from the International Organizations and Programs account (IO&P). \nWhile UNFPA receives voluntary contributions from many countries and some private foundations, most of its income comes from a handful of donors. The Netherlands, Sweden, and Japan have consistently been the largest contributors. In 2009, the U.S. contribution to UNFPA was the fourth-largest donation, representing approximately 9.5% of UNFPA\u2019s annual regular budget. \nThis report will be updated as events warrant.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL32703", "sha1": "fcd51ddd82ef5a71d02460572ffb46dda1b1a493", "filename": "files/20100715_RL32703_fcd51ddd82ef5a71d02460572ffb46dda1b1a493.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL32703", "sha1": "ae82453b32fba2e6bf97c27588ad966e1daf3858", "filename": "files/20100715_RL32703_ae82453b32fba2e6bf97c27588ad966e1daf3858.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc814896/", "id": "RL32703_2009Mar30", "date": "2009-03-30", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "The U.N. Population Fund: Background and the U.S. Funding Debate", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20090330_RL32703_5e6670e8a72a6154181aad507137baf0397c1ef9.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20090330_RL32703_5e6670e8a72a6154181aad507137baf0397c1ef9.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc462310/", "id": "RL32703_2008Jul24", "date": "2008-07-24", "retrieved": "2014-12-05T09:57:41", "title": "The U.N. Population Fund: Background and the U.S. Funding Debate", "summary": "This report provides an overview of the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), its current mission and operations, and recent funding trends. It further discusses the role of the United States in supporting the UNFPA programs, the varying interpretations by several Administrations of legislative authorities pertaining to UNFPA's eligibility for American resources, and congressional debates over how much and under what conditions the United States should voluntarily contribute to UNFPA operations. Finally, it reviews the findings of several private and U.S. government investigations of China's family planning programs and the role UNFPA plays in their implementation.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20080724_RL32703_5a7c7a67410ce69e91778b52af285e006065e407.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20080724_RL32703_5a7c7a67410ce69e91778b52af285e006065e407.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign aid", "name": "Foreign aid" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "American economic assistance", "name": "American economic assistance" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "United Nations finances", "name": "United Nations finances" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Population research", "name": "Population research" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Population policy", "name": "Population policy" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc820709/", "id": "RL32703_2008Jan11", "date": "2008-01-11", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "The U.N. Population Fund: Background and the U.S. Funding Debate", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20080111_RL32703_c15f6022d00be30c59efad318ed806696ce8e2ce.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20080111_RL32703_c15f6022d00be30c59efad318ed806696ce8e2ce.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc818712/", "id": "RL32703_2007Sep20", "date": "2007-09-20", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "The U.N. Population Fund: Background and the U.S. Funding Debate", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20070920_RL32703_3396f86425fba5558f43a40f998dc5f0617f1d0d.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20070920_RL32703_3396f86425fba5558f43a40f998dc5f0617f1d0d.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8204/", "id": "RL32703 2004-12-16", "date": "2004-12-16", "retrieved": "2006-02-24T12:22:28", "title": "The U.N. Population Fund: Background and the U.S. Funding Debate", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20041216_RL32703_67f22d6492ba520a4816718e9248dfd2db73029d.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20041216_RL32703_67f22d6492ba520a4816718e9248dfd2db73029d.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign aid", "name": "Foreign aid" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "American economic assistance", "name": "American economic assistance" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "United Nations Population Fund", "name": "United Nations Population Fund" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Population policy", "name": "Population policy" } ] } ], "topics": [ "Appropriations", "Foreign Affairs" ] }