{
  "id": "RL32770",
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      "id": 313278,
      "date": "2006-03-14",
      "retrieved": "2016-04-07T19:08:47.388029",
      "title": "Andean-U.S. Free-Trade Agreement Negotiations",
      "summary": "In November 2003, the Administration notified Congress that it intended to begin negotiations\non\na free-trade agreement (FTA) with four Andean countries - Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, and Bolivia. \nThe notification said that an FTA would reduce and eliminate foreign barriers to trade and\ninvestment and would support democracy and fight drug activity in the Andean region. The Andean\ngovernments wanted to ensure access to the U.S. market, especially since their current trade\npreferences will terminate at the end of 2006. In the United States, the business community\nindicated strong support for the trade agreement, with labor opposing it as the case for many FTAs,\nand the agriculture community was split. \n \n The Andean-U.S. FTA negotiations began in May 2004, when the United States, Colombia,\nPeru, and Ecuador participated in the first round of talks. Bolivia participated as an observer. After\nthirteen rounds of talks, however, negotiators failed to reach an agreement. After the last set of talks,\nPeru decided to continue negotiating, without Colombia or Ecuador, and concluded a bilateral\nagreement with the United States in December 2005. Colombia later continued negotiations with\nthe United States and this agreement was successfully concluded on February 27, 2006. Negotiations\nwith Ecuador are stalemated. A senior US trade official recently stated that the Peru and Colombian\nFTAs are likely to be submitted to Congress as separate agreements, thereby constraining the\npossibility of an Andean-U.S. FTA.\n \n The United States currently extends duty-free treatment to imports from the four Andean\ncountries under a regional preference program. The Andean Trade Preference Act (ATPA)\nauthorized the President to grant duty-free treatment to certain products, and the Andean Trade\nPromotion and Drug Eradication Act (ATPDEA) reauthorized the ATPA program and added\nproducts that had been previously excluded. Over half of all U.S. imports in 2005 from the Andean\ncountries entered under these preferences.\n \n In 2005, the United States imported $20.1 billion from the four Andean countries and exported\n$9.9 billion. Colombia accounted for about half of U.S. trade with the region. Peru and Ecuador\nalmost evenly split the other half, and Bolivia represented a very small share. The leading U.S.\nimport from the region in 2005 was crude petroleum oil, which accounted for 35% of imports. \nLeading U.S. exports to the region were petroleum products, mining equipment, and broadcasting\nequipment. \n \n There were several important issues in the FTA negotiations. The trade negotiators stated that\nthe main obstacles to concluding an overall agreement were in agriculture and intellectual property\nrights. Another major concern was the issue of labor standards. Under the notification procedures\nfounded in the Trade Promotion Authority Act, the trade agreements with Peru and Colombia could\nbe voted on by the Congress sometime this summer. The narrow passage of CAFTA-DR had been\nviewed as an indicator that any U.S.-Andean FTA might also face considerable opposition. How the\nBush Administration\u2019s decision to negotiate and submit separate FTAs with Peru and\nColombia\nmight affect this calculation remains uncertain. This report will not be updated.",
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      "id": "RL32770_2006Jan04",
      "date": "2006-01-04",
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      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc806911/",
      "id": "RL32770_2005Sep30",
      "date": "2005-09-30",
      "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26",
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      "id": "RL32770 2005-06-29",
      "date": "2005-06-29",
      "retrieved": "2005-09-27T14:12:16",
      "title": "Andean-U.S. Free-Trade Agreement Negotiations",
      "summary": "In November 2003, the Bush Administration announced that it intended to begin negotiations on a free-trade agreement (FTA) with these nations, which would reduce and eliminate foreign barriers to trade and investment, support democracy, and fight drug activity. This report briefly discusses this announcement, as well as the major issues and concerns relating to negotiation, and the Andean Trade Preference Act (ATPA), the FTA's predecessor.",
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      "id": "RL32770 2005-06-16",
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      "retrieved": "2005-09-27T14:11:49",
      "title": "Andean-U.S. Free-Trade Agreement Negotiations",
      "summary": "In November 2003, the Bush Administration announced that it intended to begin negotiations on a free-trade agreement (FTA) with these nations, which would reduce and eliminate foreign barriers to trade and investment, support democracy, and fight drug activity. This report briefly discusses this announcement, as well as the major issues and concerns relating to negotiation, and the Andean Trade Preference Act (ATPA), the FTA's predecessor.",
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      "id": "RL32770_2005Apr28",
      "date": "2005-04-28",
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