{
  "id": "RL32838",
  "type": "CRS Report",
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  "number": "RL32838",
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  "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov, EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
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      "title": "Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR): Votes and Legislative Actions, 96th-114th Congresses",
      "retrieved": "2020-09-07T12:22:07.322818",
      "id": "RL32838_25_2020-07-30",
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      "id": 587548,
      "date": "2016-12-14",
      "retrieved": "2020-01-02T15:01:34.805708",
      "title": "Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR): Votes and Legislative Actions Since the 95th Congress",
      "summary": "Current law forbids the federal government from offering energy leases or from allowing activities leading to energy development in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR, or the Refuge) in northeastern Alaska. For several decades, a major energy debate has been whether to approve energy development in ANWR, and if so, under what conditions, or to continue to prohibit development to protect the area\u2019s biological resources. ANWR is rich in fauna, flora, and commercial oil potential. Its development has been debated for more than 50 years, and the level of debate fluctuates with gasoline and natural gas prices, terrorist attacks, infrastructure damage from hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico, and turmoil in the Middle East.\nThis report provides a summary of legislative attempts to address issues of energy development and preservation in the Refuge from the 95th Congress (1977-1978) onward. (The substance of the issue is covered in other CRS reports.) There have been several periods of active congressional consideration, punctuated by periods of less activity and debate. In the 96th Congress (1979-1980), multiple floor votes occurred in the House and Senate, leading ultimately to the passage of the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (P.L. 96-487). In the 104th Congress (1995-1996), floor votes related to ANWR development measures contained in budget reconciliation bills occurred in both bodies. These led, eventually, to a presidential veto. The 107th Congress (2001-2002) saw votes in both bodies in the context of measures to address energy resources. Ultimately, no ANWR provisions were approved. In the 108th and 109th Congresses (2003-2006), multiple floor votes occurred in both the House and the Senate, in some cases over amendments that were identical in each Congress. The ANWR development provisions were considered as parts of bills concerning energy programs, budget resolutions, and defense authorization.\nAlthough no floor votes on the Refuge occurred in the House or the Senate during the 111th Congress, in the 112th Congress, the House approved H.R. 3408 on February 16, 2012. The measure included a provision to open the 1.5 million acre Coastal Plain to energy development. On March 13, 2012, the Senate rejected S.Amdt. 1826 to S. 1813, which would have expanded drilling into areas including the ANWR Coastal Plain. No House or Senate floor votes related to the Refuge occurred in the 113th Congress. \nIn the 114th Congress, there were House floor votes that related to the Coastal Plain, either directly or indirectly. One amendment (H.Amdt. 961) to designate the Coastal Plain as wilderness was rejected by the House; three amendments would block funds to implement a wilderness recommendation in a Refuge planning document. No related Senate floor votes occurred in the 114th Congress.",
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      "topics": [
        {
          "source": "IBCList",
          "id": 4812,
          "name": "Fossil Energy"
        },
        {
          "source": "IBCList",
          "id": 4841,
          "name": "Federal Land Management"
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          "id": 4907,
          "name": "Energy Policy"
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      "id": 436631,
      "date": "2012-03-28",
      "retrieved": "2016-04-07T00:11:28.559458",
      "title": "Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR): Votes and Legislative Actions Since the 95th Congress",
      "summary": "Current law forbids the federal government from offering energy leases or from allowing activities leading to energy development in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) in northeastern Alaska. For several decades, a major energy debate has been whether to approve energy development in ANWR, and if so, under what conditions; or whether to continue to prohibit development to protect the area\u2019s biological resources. ANWR is rich in fauna, flora, and commercial oil potential. Its development has been debated for over 40 years, and the level of debate fluctuates with gasoline and natural gas prices, terrorist attacks, infrastructure damage from hurricanes, and turmoil in the Middle East. \nThis report provides a summary of legislative attempts to address issues of energy development and preservation in the Refuge from the 95th Congress (1977-1978) through March 2012 in the 112th Congress, with emphasis on the 108th through 112th Congresses. (The substance of the issue is covered in other CRS reports.) There were several periods of active congressional consideration, punctuated by periods of less activity and debate. In the 96th Congress (1979-1980), multiple floor votes occurred in the House and Senate, leading ultimately to the passage of the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (P.L. 96-487). In the 104th Congress (1995-1996), there were also floor votes in both bodies; these related to ANWR development measures contained in budget reconciliation bills. These led, eventually, to a presidential veto. The 107th Congress (2001-2002) saw votes in both bodies in the context of measures to address energy resources. Ultimately, no ANWR provisions were approved. In the 108th and 109th Congresses (2003-2006), there were multiple floor votes in both the House and Senate, in some cases over amendments that were identical in each Congress. The ANWR development provisions were considered as parts of bills concerning energy programs, budget resolutions, and defense authorization.\nWhile there were no floor votes in the House or the Senate on the Refuge during the 111th Congress, in the 112th Congress, the House approved H.R. 3408 on February 16, 2012. The measure includes a provision to open the 1.5 million acre Coastal Plain to energy development. On March 13, 2012, the Senate rejected S.Amdt. 1826 to S. 1813 that would have expanded drilling into areas including the ANWR Coastal Plain.",
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    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc462962/",
      "id": "RL32838_2008Nov19",
      "date": "2008-11-19",
      "retrieved": "2014-12-05T09:57:41",
      "title": "Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR): Votes and Legislative Actions, 95th Congress through 110th Congress",
      "summary": "This report provides a summary of legislative attempts to address issues of energy development and preservation in the Refuge from the 95th Congress through the 110th Congress, with emphasis on the 108th through 110th Congresses. The analysis below covers, first, the economic and geological factors that have triggered new interest in development, followed by the philosophical, biological, and environmental quality factors that have triggered opposition to it. That analysis is followed by a history of congressional actions on this issue, with a focus on those in the 107th Congress through the 109th Congress.",
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          "id": "Wildlife conservation",
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      "id": "RL32838_2008Sep02",
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      "title": "Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR): Votes and Legislative Actions, 95th Congress to 110th Congress",
      "summary": "This report provides a summary of legislative attempts to address issues of energy development and preservation in the Refuge from the 95th Congress through the 110th Congress, with emphasis on the 108th through 110th Congresses.",
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          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Wildlife",
          "name": "Wildlife"
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        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Wildlife conservation",
          "name": "Wildlife conservation"
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        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Protection of wildlife",
          "name": "Protection of wildlife"
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          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Wildlife management",
          "name": "Wildlife management"
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      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc815562/",
      "id": "RL32838_2008Jul10",
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      "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26",
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    {
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      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc93999/",
      "id": "RL32838_2008Jan10",
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      "retrieved": "2012-07-24T12:39:36",
      "title": "Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR): Legislative Actions Through the 110th Congress, First Session",
      "summary": "This report is intended to provide a summary of legislative attempts to address issues of energy development and preservation in the Refuge from the 95th Congress through the 110th Congress, with emphasis on the 107th through 110th Congresses.",
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          "id": "Wildlife conservation",
          "name": "Wildlife conservation"
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          "id": "Wildlife management",
          "name": "Wildlife management"
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          "id": "Protection of wildlife",
          "name": "Protection of wildlife"
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      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc820987/",
      "id": "RL32838_2007Apr09",
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      "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26",
      "title": "Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR): Legislative Actions Through the 109th Congress",
      "summary": "This report is intended to provide a summary of legislative attempts to address issues of energy development and preservation in the Refuge from the 95th Congress through the 109th Congress, with emphasis on the 107th through 109th Congresses.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
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          "id": "Wildlife conservation",
          "name": "Wildlife conservation"
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          "id": "Protection of animals",
          "name": "Protection of animals"
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          "id": "Endangered animals",
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      "title": "Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR): Legislative Actions Through the 108th Congress",
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    "Economic Policy",
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}