{ "id": "RL32882", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "number": "RL32882", "active": false, "source": "EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "versions": [ { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 311420, "date": "2006-01-13", "retrieved": "2016-04-07T19:21:09.270029", "title": "The Rise of China and Its Effect on Taiwan, Japan, and South Korea: U.S. Policy Choices", "summary": "The economic rise of China and the growing network of trade and investment relations in\nnortheast\nAsia are causing major changes in human, economic, political, and military interaction among\ncountries in the region. This is affecting U.S. relations with China, China's relations with its\nneighbors, the calculus for war across the Taiwan Straits, and the basic interests and policies of\nChina, Japan, Taiwan, and South Korea. These, in turn, affect U.S. strategy in Asia. China, for\nexample, has embarked on a \"smile strategy\" in which it is attempting to coopt the interests of\nneighboring countries through trade and investment while putting forth a less threatening military\nface (to everyone but Taiwan). Under the rubric of the Six-Party Talks, the United States, China,\nJapan, Russia, and South Korea are cooperating to resolve the North Korean nuclear crisis. \nTaiwanese businesses have invested an estimated $70 to $100 billion in factories in coastal China. \nChina relies on foreign invested enterprises for about half its imports and exports. For Taiwan,\nJapan, and South Korea, China has displaced the United States as their major trading partner.\n China interacts with Taiwan, Japan, and South Korea on four levels: human relations,\neconomic and financial interaction, diplomatic and political intercourse, and military relations. The\ntemperature of relations at each level ranges from cold to hot depending on the type of interaction\nand country or state being considered. At the human level the temperatures are mixed, at the\neconomic level hot, at the diplomatic level cold for Taiwan to warm for South Korea, and at the\nmilitary level, temperatures of interaction are cold.\n The implications of China's globalization and rise as a major economic power can be seen in\nits impact both on Beijing and on policy deliberations in Taipei, Tokyo, and Seoul. The Chinese\nCommunist leadership not only is having to cede space in its decision making process to industrial\ninterests but the leaders themselves are coming into power with experience in the transformation of\nsociety that comes from development and modernization after opening to the outside world. China\nnow depends on international investment and trade for the economic growth needed to maintain the\nparty's legitimacy. For China's trading partners, dependency on the Chinese market means that\nBeijing is looming larger in all aspects of policy making. While this is not likely to challenge U.S.\nsecurity ties with Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan, it raises several policy issues. One is how to deal\nwith a modernizing and more powerful Chinese military financed by the growing Chinese economy. \nAnother is how to explicitly incorporate into U.S. policy the greater weight that Beijing is being\ngiven in policy deliberations in Tokyo and Seoul. A further policy issue is whether to take explicit\nmeasures to offset the rising economic clout of China and attempts by Beijing to create East Asian\ninstitutions with China at the center and the United States pushed to the periphery. A positive result\nof the mutual trade and financial dependency that has developed in northeast Asia is that all parties\nnow have much to lose by an international military crisis that would interrupt economic and financial\nflows in the region. All four governments, therefore, seek stability in international relations. This\nreport will be updated as circumstances warrant.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL32882", "sha1": "3723878ccd6fe4dc06f6bfec60d7ee426b5b668a", "filename": "files/20060113_RL32882_3723878ccd6fe4dc06f6bfec60d7ee426b5b668a.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL32882", "sha1": "0940fd05e29f2ec0ce3c182402c054e879cc93bf", "filename": "files/20060113_RL32882_0940fd05e29f2ec0ce3c182402c054e879cc93bf.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6212/", "id": "RL32882 2005-04-12", "date": "2005-04-12", "retrieved": "2005-06-11T05:49:26", "title": "The Rise of China and Its Effect on Taiwan, Japan, and South Korea: U.S. Policy Choices", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20050412_RL32882_cae241bee339bcefe83a44cbeef76ecc63fc87dd.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20050412_RL32882_cae241bee339bcefe83a44cbeef76ecc63fc87dd.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Economic policy", "name": "Economic policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - China - Taiwan", "name": "Foreign relations - China - Taiwan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - Japan - China", "name": "Foreign relations - Japan - China" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - China - Japan", "name": "Foreign relations - China - Japan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - China - U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations - China - U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - U.S. - China", "name": "Foreign relations - U.S. - China" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Economic conditions - China", "name": "Economic conditions - China" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" } ] } ], "topics": [ "Foreign Affairs", "Intelligence and National Security", "National Defense" ] }