{ "id": "RL33016", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "number": "RL33016", "active": true, "source": "EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "versions": [ { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 409754, "date": "2012-06-26", "retrieved": "2016-04-06T21:45:45.113201", "title": "U.S. Nuclear Cooperation with India: Issues for Congress", "summary": "India, which has not signed the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty and does not have International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards on all of its nuclear material, exploded a \u201cpeaceful\u201d nuclear device in 1974, convincing the world of the need for greater restrictions on nuclear trade. The United States created the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) as a direct response to India\u2019s test, halted nuclear exports to India a few years later, and worked to convince other states to do the same. India tested nuclear weapons again in 1998. However, President Bush announced July 18, 2005, he would \u201cwork to achieve full civil nuclear energy cooperation with India\u201d and would \u201calso seek agreement from Congress to adjust U.S. laws and policies,\u201d in the context of a broader partnership with India.\nU.S. nuclear cooperation with other countries is governed by the Atomic Energy Act (AEA) of 1954 (P.L. 95-242). However, P.L. 109-401, which President Bush signed into law on December 18, 2006, allows the President to waive several provisions of the AEA. On September 10, 2008, President Bush submitted to Congress, in addition to other required documents, a written determination that P.L. 109-401\u2019s requirements for U.S. nuclear cooperation with India to proceed had been met. President Bush signed P.L. 110-369, which approved the agreement, into law October 8, 2008. Then-Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and India\u2019s then-External Affairs Minister Shri Pranab Mukherjee signed the agreement two days later, and it entered into force December 6, 2008. Additionally, the United States and India signed a subsequent arrangement in July 2010 which governs \u201carrangements and procedures under which\u201d India may reprocess U.S.-origin nuclear fuel in two new national reprocessing facilities, which New Delhi has not yet constructed. \nThe NSG, at the behest of the Bush Administration, agreed in September 2008 to exempt India from some of its export guidelines. That decision has effectively left decisions regarding nuclear commerce with India almost entirely up to individual governments. Since the NSG decision, India has concluded numerous nuclear cooperation agreements with foreign suppliers. However, U.S. companies have not yet started nuclear trade with India and may be reluctant to do so if New Delhi does not resolve concerns regarding its policies on liability for nuclear reactor operators and suppliers. Taking a step to resolve such concerns, India signed the Convention on Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage, which has not yet entered into force, October 27, 2010. However, many observers have argued that Indian nuclear liability legislation adopted in August 2010 is inconsistent with the Convention.\nThe Obama Administration has continued with the Bush Administration\u2019s policy regarding civil nuclear cooperation with India. According to a November 8, 2010, White House fact sheet, the United States \u201cintends to support India\u2019s full membership\u201d in the NSG, as well as other multilateral export control regimes.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL33016", "sha1": "e9063113151bd19e2711385d780169909f66d648", "filename": "files/20120626_RL33016_e9063113151bd19e2711385d780169909f66d648.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL33016", "sha1": "d7598f735ecae0ac928efa6173f37610e3936cd1", "filename": "files/20120626_RL33016_d7598f735ecae0ac928efa6173f37610e3936cd1.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc87299/", "id": "RL33016_2012May07", "date": "2012-05-07", "retrieved": "2012-07-03T07:51:21", "title": "U.S. Nuclear Cooperation with India: Issues for Congress", "summary": "India, which has not signed the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty and does not have International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards on all of its nuclear material, exploded a \u201cpeaceful\u201d nuclear device in 1974, convincing the world of the need for greater restrictions on nuclear trade. The United States created the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) as a direct response to India's test, halted nuclear exports to India a few years later, and worked to convince other states to do the same. India tested nuclear weapons again in 1998. This report looks at how the relationship between the Bush Administration and the Obama Administration with India in regards to nuclear power.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20120507_RL33016_64c564c1896aaa3a36ccc2e0b8ce835826a87cb1.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20120507_RL33016_64c564c1896aaa3a36ccc2e0b8ce835826a87cb1.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - U.S. - India", "name": "Foreign relations - U.S. - India" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - India - U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations - India - U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Defense policy", "name": "Defense policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Nuclear nonproliferation", "name": "Nuclear nonproliferation" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Nuclear weapons", "name": "Nuclear weapons" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Weapons systems", "name": "Weapons systems" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc94011/", "id": "RL33016_2011Dec15", "date": "2011-12-15", "retrieved": "2012-07-24T12:39:36", "title": "U.S. Nuclear Cooperation with India: Issues for Congress", "summary": "India, which has not signed the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty and does not have International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards on all of its nuclear material, exploded a \u201cpeaceful\u201d nuclear device in 1974, convincing the world of the need for greater restrictions on nuclear trade. The United States created the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) as a direct response to India's test, halted nuclear exports to India a few years later, and worked to convince other states to do the same. India tested nuclear weapons again in 1998. However, President Bush announced July 18, 2005, he would \u201cwork to achieve full civil nuclear energy cooperation with India\u201d and would \u201calso seek agreement from Congress to adjust U.S. laws and policies,\u201d in the context of a broader partnership with India. The Obama Administration has continued with the Bush Administration's policy regarding civil nuclear cooperation with India. According to a November 8, 2010, White House fact sheet, the United States \u201cintends to support India's full membership\u201d in the NSG, as well as other multilateral export control regimes.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20111215_RL33016_c4dd1458089e5811bf32d48a950a036b5cf60bc7.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20111215_RL33016_c4dd1458089e5811bf32d48a950a036b5cf60bc7.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- India", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- India" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- India -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- India -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Defense policy", "name": "Defense policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Nuclear nonproliferation", "name": "Nuclear nonproliferation" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Nuclear weapons", "name": "Nuclear weapons" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Weapons systems", "name": "Weapons systems" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc94012/", "id": "RL33016_2011Jul21", "date": "2011-07-21", "retrieved": "2012-07-24T12:39:36", "title": "U.S. Nuclear Cooperation with India: Issues for Congress", "summary": "This report discusses the United States' relationship with India as it regards nuclear nonproliferation and cooperation. It particularly looks at agreements made between the Bush administration and India, and the Obama administrations continuation of these policies.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20110721_RL33016_4f054755d3427a18686b9ac5c6543fc0ea94ea24.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20110721_RL33016_4f054755d3427a18686b9ac5c6543fc0ea94ea24.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- India", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- India" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- India -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- India -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Nuclear nonproliferation", "name": "Nuclear nonproliferation" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Nuclear energy", "name": "Nuclear energy" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc103186/", "id": "RL33016_2011Feb14", "date": "2011-02-14", "retrieved": "2012-09-19T20:16:14", "title": "U.S. Nuclear Cooperation with India: Issues for Congress", "summary": "This report discusses the United States' relationship with India as it regards nuclear nonproliferation and cooperation. It particularly looks at agreements made between the Bush administration and India, and the Obama administration's continuation of these policies.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20110214_RL33016_baf3da3ace91a31ce82b9d2f9983a607e80a8471.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20110214_RL33016_baf3da3ace91a31ce82b9d2f9983a607e80a8471.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- India", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- India" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- India -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- India -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Nuclear nonproliferation", "name": "Nuclear nonproliferation" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Nuclear energy", "name": "Nuclear energy" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc29660/", "id": "RL33016_2010Oct28", "date": "2010-10-28", "retrieved": "2010-12-04T14:26:25", "title": "U.S. Nuclear Cooperation with India: Issues for Congress", "summary": "This report discusses the United States' relationship with India as it regards nuclear nonproliferation and cooperation. In particular, the report discusses the Atomic Energy Act, which President Bush signed into law on December 18, 2006, and which governs U.S. nuclear cooperation. The report also discusses other related legislation as well as issues regarding U.S. nuclear trade with India.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20101028_RL33016_4d305a34ce81e00b005505f2704e61db2eece1dc.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20101028_RL33016_4d305a34ce81e00b005505f2704e61db2eece1dc.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - U.S. - India", "name": "Foreign relations - U.S. - India" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - India - U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations - India - U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Defense policy", "name": "Defense policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Nuclear nonproliferation", "name": "Nuclear nonproliferation" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Nuclear weapons", "name": "Nuclear weapons" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Weapons systems", "name": "Weapons systems" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc29661/", "id": "RL33016_2010Sep30", "date": "2010-09-30", "retrieved": "2010-12-04T14:26:25", "title": "U.S. Nuclear Cooperation with India: Issues for Congress", "summary": "This report discusses the United States' relationship with India as it relates to nuclear arsenals and nuclear nonproliferation policies. The report includes background information on India's nuclear history and nuclear weapons-specific U.S. legislation.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20100930_RL33016_21160bac7f0a8d8388d87577079cfe64c1faa068.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20100930_RL33016_21160bac7f0a8d8388d87577079cfe64c1faa068.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - U.S. - India", "name": "Foreign relations - U.S. - India" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - India - U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations - India - U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Defense policy", "name": "Defense policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Nuclear weapons", "name": "Nuclear weapons" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Nuclear nonproliferation", "name": "Nuclear nonproliferation" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc491349/", "id": "RL33016_2010May27", "date": "2010-05-27", "retrieved": "2015-01-27T19:40:46", "title": "U.S. Nuclear Cooperation with India: Issues for Congress", "summary": "This report discusses the United States' relationship with India as it relates to nuclear arsenals and nuclear nonproliferation policies. The report includes background information on India's nuclear history and nuclear weapons-specific U.S. legislation.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20100527_RL33016_ea596201a310d14b0361e4c7b5071c355369bec7.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20100527_RL33016_ea596201a310d14b0361e4c7b5071c355369bec7.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- India", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- India" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- India -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- India -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Defense policy", "name": "Defense policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Nuclear weapons", "name": "Nuclear weapons" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Nuclear nonproliferation", "name": "Nuclear nonproliferation" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc491171/", "id": "RL33016_2010Apr08", "date": "2010-04-08", "retrieved": "2015-01-27T19:40:46", "title": "U.S. Nuclear Cooperation with India: Issues for Congress", "summary": "This report discusses the United States' relationship with India as it relates to nuclear arsenals and nuclear nonproliferation policies. The report includes background information on India's nuclear history and nuclear weapons-specific U.S. legislation.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20100408_RL33016_4359e202352779a942bd79ab58727d47c4acb7fb.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20100408_RL33016_4359e202352779a942bd79ab58727d47c4acb7fb.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- India", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- India" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- India -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- India -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Defense policy", "name": "Defense policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Nuclear weapons", "name": "Nuclear weapons" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Nuclear nonproliferation", "name": "Nuclear nonproliferation" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc503447/", "id": "RL33016_2010Feb24", "date": "2010-02-24", "retrieved": "2015-04-30T17:37:21", "title": "U.S. Nuclear Cooperation with India: Issues for Congress", "summary": "This report discusses the United States' relationship with India as it relates to nuclear arsenals and nuclear nonproliferation policies. The report includes background information on India's nuclear history and nuclear weapons-specific U.S. legislation.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20100224_RL33016_5c2bf99d73b9aa60230a8b1bd8fcdb30129e25fe.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20100224_RL33016_5c2bf99d73b9aa60230a8b1bd8fcdb30129e25fe.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- India -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- India -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- India", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- India" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Defense policy", "name": "Defense policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Nuclear nonproliferation", "name": "Nuclear nonproliferation" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Nuclear weapons", "name": "Nuclear weapons" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc505565/", "id": "RL33016_2010Feb04", "date": "2010-02-04", "retrieved": "2015-05-29T05:37:21", "title": "U.S. Nuclear Cooperation with India: Issues for Congress", "summary": "This report discusses the United States' relationship with India as it relates to nuclear arsenals and nuclear nonproliferation policies. The report includes background information on India's nuclear history and nuclear weapons-specific U.S. legislation.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20100204_RL33016_81b2c6ea34bf7c6a8fa778fe749022b74a429fd0.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20100204_RL33016_81b2c6ea34bf7c6a8fa778fe749022b74a429fd0.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- India -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- India -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- India", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- India" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Nuclear nonproliferation", "name": "Nuclear nonproliferation" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Nuclear weapons", "name": "Nuclear weapons" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc626996/", "id": "RL33016_2009Dec17", "date": "2009-12-17", "retrieved": "2015-06-15T14:46:40", "title": "U.S. Nuclear Cooperation with India: Issues for Congress", "summary": "This report discusses the United States' relationship with India as it relates to nuclear arsenals and nuclear nonproliferation policies. The report includes background information on India's nuclear history and nuclear weapons-specific U.S. legislation.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20091217_RL33016_67b5bbfdaf64a181df77e375408a52ec748ead6e.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20091217_RL33016_67b5bbfdaf64a181df77e375408a52ec748ead6e.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- India -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- India -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- India", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- India" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Defense policy", "name": "Defense policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Nuclear nonproliferation", "name": "Nuclear nonproliferation" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Nuclear weapons", "name": "Nuclear weapons" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc809315/", "id": "RL33016_2009Dec09", "date": "2009-12-09", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "U.S. Nuclear Cooperation with India: Issues for Congress", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20091209_RL33016_0bd23116a528fb2ab6f25b633aac235da7190a3a.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20091209_RL33016_0bd23116a528fb2ab6f25b633aac235da7190a3a.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc627139/", "id": "RL33016_2009Nov05", "date": "2009-11-05", "retrieved": "2015-06-15T14:46:40", "title": "U.S. Nuclear Cooperation with India: Issues for Congress", "summary": "This report discusses the United States' relationship with India as it relates to nuclear arsenals and nuclear nonproliferation policies. 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