{
  "id": "RL33110",
  "type": "CRS Report",
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      "title": "The Cost of Iraq, Afghanistan, and Other Global War on Terror Operations Since 9/11",
      "summary": "With enactment of the FY2014 Consolidated Appropriations Act on January 1, 2014 (H.R. 3547/P.L. 113-73), Congress has approved appropriations for the past 13 years of war that total $1.6 trillion for military operations, base support, weapons maintenance, training of Afghan and Iraq security forces, reconstruction, foreign aid, embassy costs, and veterans\u2019 health care for the war operations initiated since the 9/11 attacks. \nOf this $1.6 trillion total, CRS estimates that the total is distributed as follows:\n$686 billion (43%) for Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) for Afghanistan and other counterterror operations received; \n$815 billion (51%) for Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF)/Operation New Dawn (OND); \n$27 billion (2%) for Operation Noble Eagle (ONE), providing enhanced security at military bases; and \n$81 billion (5%) for war-designated funding not considered directly related to the Afghanistan or Iraq wars.\nAbout 92% of the funds are for Department of Defense (DOD), 6% for State Department foreign aid programs and diplomatic operations, 1% for Department of Veterans Administration\u2019s medical care for veterans. In addition, 5% of the funds (across agencies) are for programs and activities tangentially-related to war operations.\nThe FY2015 war request for DOD, State/USAID, and Veterans Administration Medical totals $73.5 billion including $58.1 billion for Afghanistan, $5.0 billion for Iraq, $ 100 million for enhanced security, and $10.4 billion for other war-designated funding. These totals do not reflect the new FY2015 request submitted in November 2014 to cover expenses for Operations Inherent Resolve (OIR) that began with airstrikes launched in late August 2014, to aid Syrian insurgents and the Iraq government to counter the takeover of territory by the Islamic State (IS). The Administration submitted a $5.5 billion FY2015 budget amendment for this operation that Congress is considering. Including the new request, the FY2015 war funding now totals $79.0 billion. \nIn late May 2014, the President announced that troop levels in Afghanistan would fall from 33,000 to 9,800 by January 1, 2015 with the U.S. role focusing on advising Afghan security forces and conducting counter-terror operations. A year later, by January 1, 2016, the President stated that the number of troops in Afghanistan would halve to about 4,900 and then by the beginning of 2017, settle at an embassy presence of about 1,000. \nOverall U.S. troop levels in Afghanistan and Iraq began to decline with the withdrawal of all U.S. troops from Iraq by December 2011. The troop decline continued with President Obama\u2019s announcement in February 2013 that the number of U.S. troops in Afghanistan would halve from 67,000 to 34,000 by February 2014. Annual war costs also decreased from a peak of $195 billion in FY2008 to $95 billion enacted in FY2014. After the reversal of the 2009 Afghanistan surge, the President promised in the 2013 State of the Union address that \u201cour troops will continue coming home at a steady pace as Afghan security forces move into the lead [and] our mission will change from combat to support.\u201d He also stated that by \u201c2014, this process of transition will be complete, and the Afghan people will be responsible for their own security.\u201d \nThe FY2015 Continuing Resolution (H.J.Res. 124/P.L. 113-164) sets war funding at the FY2014 enacted level of $95.5 billion, which exceeds the FY2015 amended request (with OIR) by about $16.5 billion. The CR expires on December 11, 2014, and Congress is expected to enact another CR or an Omnibus appropriations act for the rest of the fiscal year.\nCongress may face several budgetary issues about how to respond to the FY2015 war request and longer-term war cost issues including:\nassessing the amount, purposes, and level of funding to support U.S. troops during the post-2014 drawdown;\nevaluating the Administration proposal for a new flexible funding account that would provide $5 billion for a Counterterrorism Partnerships Fund (CTFP) to respond to unspecified \u201cevolving threats from South Asia to the Sahel\u201d by \u201cbuilding partnership capacity\u201d through Train & Equip programs; \ndefining what is an appropriate war-related cost as opposed to what is in the base, non-war budget, a choice made more difficult in part by the potential squeeze on agencies\u2019 base budgets that are subject to Budget Control Act spending limits (P.L. 112-25);\nestimating the potential long-term cost of the war, including repairing and replacing war-worn equipment and maintaining an \u201cenduring presence\u201d that could entail a substantial footprint in the region; and\nresponding to the November 2014 request for $5.5 billion for Operation Inherent Resolve, the new operation to counter the Islamic State.\nThere are some indications that the FY2015 DOD war funding request may be more than is needed in light of FY2014 experience when expenses for returning troops and equipment have proven to be lower and the pace faster than anticipated. If expenses are lower and withdrawal is faster than anticipated, the FY2015 request may also include excess funds that could be used to pay for part or all of the new $5.5 billion request to counter the Islamic State. Savings in FY2015 could be partly offset by the recent announcement by Secretary Hagel that up to 1,000 U.S. troops could be kept in Afghanistan until the spring of 2015 to substitute for a delay in NATO troops being available to provide needed support.\nMembers have raised various concerns about the broad authorities requested for the new CTPF, which exceed current authorities for other Train & Equip programs. The conference version of the FY2015 National Defense Authorization Act, H.R. 3797, reduces the funding and rejects most of the new authorities requested. Other concerns include the lack of evidence of success in previous similar programs, particularly in situations like the complex political-military environment in Syria and Iraq.\nCongress may wish to consider ways to restrict war-funding to exclude activities marginally related to war operations and support, and to limit the use of ground troops in Operation Inherent Resolve.",
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      "title": "The Cost of Iraq, Afghanistan, and Other Global War on Terror Operations Since 9/11",
      "summary": "This report details the total cost of counterterrorism operations in the Global War on Terror (GWOT) since the September 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States. This report also includes descriptions of relevant budgetary legislation.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
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          "id": "Defense policy",
          "name": "Defense policy"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Iraq War, 2003 - Costs",
          "name": "Iraq War, 2003 - Costs"
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    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9859/",
      "id": "RL33110 2006-09-01",
      "date": "2006-09-01",
      "retrieved": "2007-06-12T15:32:35",
      "title": "The Cost of Iraq, Afghanistan, and Other Global War on Terror Operations Since 9/11",
      "summary": "This report details the total cost of counterterrorism operations in the Global War on Terror (GWOT) since the September 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States. This report also includes descriptions of relevant budgetary legislation.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
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      "topics": [
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Defense policy",
          "name": "Defense policy"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Iraq War, 2003 - Costs",
          "name": "Iraq War, 2003 - Costs"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9823/",
      "id": "RL33110 2006-07-28",
      "date": "2006-07-28",
      "retrieved": "2007-06-12T15:06:44",
      "title": "The Cost of Iraq, Afghanistan, and Other Global War on Terror Operations Since 9/11",
      "summary": "This report details the total cost of counterterrorism operations in the Global War on Terror (GWOT) since the September 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States. This report also includes descriptions of relevant budgetary legislation.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORT",
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        {
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      ],
      "topics": [
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Defense policy",
          "name": "Defense policy"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Iraq War, 2003 - Costs",
          "name": "Iraq War, 2003 - Costs"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc812037/",
      "id": "RL33110_2006Jun16",
      "date": "2006-06-16",
      "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26",
      "title": "The Cost of Iraq, Afghanistan, and Other Global War on Terror Operations Since 9/11",
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    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10361/",
      "id": "RL33110_2006Jun14",
      "date": "2006-06-14",
      "retrieved": "2008-12-11T20:27:05",
      "title": "The Cost of Iraq, Afghanistan, and Other Global War on Terror Operations Since 9/11",
      "summary": "With the passing of FY2006 supplemental bill H.R. 4939, Congress will have appropriated a total of about $437 billion for the three military operations initiated since the 9/11 attacks: Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) covering Afghanistan and other Global War on Terror (GWOT) operations, Operation Noble Eagle (ONE) providing enhanced security at military bases, and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), Iraq. On a monthly basis, the Department of Defense (DOD) spent an average of about $6.4 billion for OIF, $1.3 billion for OEF, and $180 million for enhanced base security in FY2005. Potential oversight issues for Congress include getting estimates of the cost to repair and replae war-worn equipment and of possible offsetting costs to DOD's regular budget because equipment is being fixed or bought earlier than planned. DOD's annual war funding may reach $118 billion in FY2006 if the pending supplemental is enacted.",
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          "filename": "files/20060614_RL33110_8392879ae3e19234490b22a1248fe485ab09622f.html"
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      "topics": [
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          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Defense policy",
          "name": "Defense policy"
        },
        {
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          "id": "Iraq War, 2003 - Costs",
          "name": "Iraq War, 2003 - Costs"
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    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc813145/",
      "id": "RL33110_2006Apr24",
      "date": "2006-04-24",
      "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26",
      "title": "The Cost of Iraq, Afghanistan, and Other Global War on Terror Operations Since 9/11",
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    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7910/",
      "id": "RL33110 2005-10-07",
      "date": "2005-10-07",
      "retrieved": "2005-12-21T16:38:25",
      "title": "The Cost of Iraq, Afghanistan and Enhanced Base Security Since 9/11",
      "summary": "Since the 9/11 terrorist attacks, CRS estimates that the Administration has allocated a total of about $357 billion for military operations, reconstruction, embassy costs, and various foreign aid programs in Iraq and Afghanistan, and for enhanced security at defense bases. This total includes $45 billion in \u201cbridge\u201d funding for the Department of Defense (DOD) as provided in H.J.Res. 68 /P.L.109- 77, a FY2006 Continuing Resolution, which was signed by the President on September 30, 2005.",
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      "topics": [
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          "id": "Defense policy",
          "name": "Defense policy"
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        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Iraq War, 2003 - Costs",
          "name": "Iraq War, 2003 - Costs"
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        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "War on Terrorism - Costs",
          "name": "War on Terrorism - Costs"
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    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7457/",
      "id": "RL33110 2005-10-06",
      "date": "2005-10-06",
      "retrieved": "2005-10-18T14:34:41",
      "title": "The Cost of Iraq, Afghanistan and Enhanced Base Security since 9/11",
      "summary": "Since the 9/11 terrorist attacks, CRS estimates that the Administration has allocated a total of about $357 billion for military operations, reconstruction, embassy costs, and various foreign aid programs in Iraq and Afghanistan, and for enhanced security at defense bases. This total includes $45 billion in \u201cbridge\u201d funding for the Department of Defense (DOD) as provided in H.J.Res. 68 /P.L.109- 77, a FY2006 Continuing Resolution, which was signed by the President on September 30, 2005.",
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          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Defense policy",
          "name": "Defense policy"
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        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Iraq War, 2003 - Costs",
          "name": "Iraq War, 2003 - Costs"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "War on Terrorism - Costs",
          "name": "War on Terrorism - Costs"
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    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7456/",
      "id": "RL33110 2005-10-03",
      "date": "2005-10-03",
      "retrieved": "2005-10-18T14:34:04",
      "title": "The Cost of Iraq, Afghanistan and Enhanced Base Security since 9/11",
      "summary": "Since the 9/11 terrorist attacks, CRS estimates that the Administration has allocated a total of about $357 billion for military operations, reconstruction, embassy costs, and various foreign aid programs in Iraq and Afghanistan, and for enhanced security at defense bases. This total includes $45 billion in \u201cbridge\u201d funding for the Department of Defense (DOD) as provided in H.J.Res. 68 /P.L.109- 77, a FY2006 Continuing Resolution, which was signed by the President on September 30, 2005.",
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      "topics": [
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          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Iraq War, 2003 - Costs",
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  "topics": [
    "Appropriations",
    "Foreign Affairs",
    "Intelligence and National Security",
    "National Defense"
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}