{ "id": "RL33180", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "number": "RL33180", "active": false, "source": "EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "versions": [ { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 357687, "date": "2010-04-05", "retrieved": "2016-04-07T01:46:44.591794", "title": "Enemy Combatant Detainees: Habeas Corpus Challenges in Federal Court", "summary": "After the Supreme Court held that federal courts have jurisdiction under the federal habeas corpus statute to hear legal challenges on behalf of persons detained at the U.S. Naval Station in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, in connection with the conflict against Al Qaeda and associated groups (Rasul v. Bush), the Pentagon established administrative hearings, called \u201cCombatant Status Review Tribunals\u201d (CSRTs), to allow the detainees to contest their status as enemy combatants, and informed them of their right to pursue habeas relief in federal court. Lawyers subsequently filed dozens of petitions on behalf of the detainees in the District Court for the District of Columbia, where district court judges reached inconsistent conclusions as to whether the detainees have any enforceable rights to challenge their treatment and detention.\nCongress subsequently passed the Detainee Treatment Act of 2005 (DTA) to divest the courts of jurisdiction to hear some detainees\u2019 challenges by eliminating the federal courts\u2019 statutory jurisdiction over habeas claims (as well as other causes of action) by aliens detained at Guantanamo. The DTA provided for limited appeals of CSRT determinations or final decisions of military commissions. After the Supreme Court rejected the view that the DTA left it without jurisdiction to review a habeas challenge to the validity of military commissions in the case of Hamdan v. Rumsfeld, Congress enacted the Military Commissions Act of 2006 (MCA) (P.L. 109-366) to authorize the President to convene military commissions and to amend the DTA to further reduce detainees\u2019 access to federal courts, including in cases already pending.\nIn 2008, the Supreme Court ruled in Boumediene v. Bush that aliens detained at Guantanamo have the constitutional privilege of habeas corpus, and the judicial review mechanism provided by the MCA and DTA by which detainees could challenge the legality of their detention did not provide a constitutionally adequate habeas substitute. The immediate impact of the Boumediene decision is that detainees at Guantanamo may petition a federal district court for habeas review of the legality and possibly the circumstances of their detention, perhaps including challenges to the jurisdiction of military commissions. Several issues remain unresolved and are the subject of ongoing litigation, including the constitutional protections owed to detainees held at Guantanamo and other locations outside the United States; the substantive scope of military detention authority; the procedural standards used to assess the adequacy of evidence supporting a detainee\u2019s designation as an enemy belligerent; and the authority of federal habeas courts to compel the release of detainees determined to be unlawfully held into the United States if the Executive cannot effectuate their release to another country. The Supreme Court was expected to consider some of these issues in the case of Kiyemba v. Obama, but changed circumstances surrounding some of the petitioners resulted in the Court remanding the case back to the D.C. Circuit for further consideration. \nIn March 2009, the Obama Administration announced a new definitional standard for the government\u2019s authority to detain terrorist suspects, which is largely similar in scope to the \u201cenemy combatant\u201d standard used by the Bush Administration to detain terrorist suspects. The standard would permit the detention of members of the Taliban, Al Qaeda, and associated forces, along with persons who provide \u201csubstantial support\u201d to such groups, regardless of whether such persons were captured away from the battlefield in Afghanistan. Courts that have considered the Executive\u2019s authority to detain under the AUMF and law of war have reached differing conclusions as to the scope of this detention authority. In January 2010, a D.C. Circuit panel held that support for or membership in an AUMF-targeted organization may constitute a sufficient ground to justify military detention.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL33180", "sha1": "edbe28f043fea3c1e324f31c71d5dea94c76b5c8", "filename": "files/20100405_RL33180_edbe28f043fea3c1e324f31c71d5dea94c76b5c8.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL33180", "sha1": "d85dad5c09ad72a809a1e6290552582963553c01", "filename": "files/20100405_RL33180_d85dad5c09ad72a809a1e6290552582963553c01.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc503494/", "id": "RL33180_2010Feb03", "date": "2010-02-03", "retrieved": "2015-04-30T17:37:21", "title": "Enemy Combatant Detainees: Habeas Corpus Challenges in Federal Court", "summary": "This report provides an overview of the early judicial developments and the establishment of Combatant Status Review Tribunals (CSRTs) procedures; summarizes selected court cases related to the detentions and the use of military commissions; and discusses the Detainee Treatment Act, as amended by the Military Commissions Act of 2006 and the Military Commissions Act of 2009, analyzing its effects on detainee-related litigation in federal court. The report summarizes the Supreme Court's decision in Boumediene invalidating Congress's efforts to revoke the courts' habeas jurisdiction, and discusses some remaining issues and subsequent developments.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20100203_RL33180_2a759f2ced2fbf82b7f0cf90f329f75042313e28.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20100203_RL33180_2a759f2ced2fbf82b7f0cf90f329f75042313e28.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Civil liberties", "name": "Civil liberties" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Criminal justice", "name": "Criminal justice" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Detention of persons", "name": "Detention of persons" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Habeas corpus", "name": "Habeas corpus" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc815220/", "id": "RL33180_2009Sep15", "date": "2009-09-15", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Enemy Combatant Detainees: Habeas Corpus Challenges in Federal Court", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20090915_RL33180_661ea006d0dd494fddb5c71f914443836c706b8f.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20090915_RL33180_661ea006d0dd494fddb5c71f914443836c706b8f.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc503470/", "id": "RL33180_2009Apr07", "date": "2009-04-07", "retrieved": "2015-04-30T17:37:21", "title": "Enemy Combatant Detainees: Habeas Corpus Challenges in Federal Court", "summary": "This report provides an overview of the early judicial developments and the establishment of Combatant Status Review Tribunals (CSRTs) procedures; summarizes selected court cases related to the detentions and the use of military commissions; and discusses the Detainee Treatment Act, as amended by the Military Commissions Act of 2006 and the Military Commissions Act of 2009, analyzing its effects on detainee-related litigation in federal court. The report summarizes the Supreme Court's decision in Boumediene invalidating Congress's efforts to revoke the courts' habeas jurisdiction, and discusses some remaining issues and subsequent developments.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20090407_RL33180_5ca870047a379ed9afaec137afea86e080a3e109.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20090407_RL33180_5ca870047a379ed9afaec137afea86e080a3e109.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Civil liberties", "name": "Civil liberties" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Criminal justice", "name": "Criminal justice" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Detention of persons", "name": "Detention of persons" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Habeas corpus", "name": "Habeas corpus" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc743639/", "id": "RL33180_2009Jan29", "date": "2009-01-29", "retrieved": "2015-10-20T21:35:54", "title": "Enemy Combatant Detainees: Habeas Corpus Challenges in Federal Court", "summary": "This report provides an overview of the Combatant Status Review Tribunals (CSRTs) procedures. It summarizes relevant court cases and the effect of the Detainee Treatment Act, as well as pending legislation. The report also provides an analysis of relevant constitutional issues that may have some bearing on Congress's options with respect to detainees held at Guantanamo and elsewhere.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20090129_RL33180_07b16250306fcfa762a7d6b9caacc854209adddc.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20090129_RL33180_07b16250306fcfa762a7d6b9caacc854209adddc.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Civil liberties", "name": "Civil liberties" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Criminal justice", "name": "Criminal justice" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Detention of persons", "name": "Detention of persons" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Habeas corpus", "name": "Habeas corpus" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc808482/", "id": "RL33180_2008Sep10", "date": "2008-09-10", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Enemy Combatant Detainees: Habeas Corpus Challenges in Federal Court", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20080910_RL33180_acac354edd6b5bb0214a79d6fc66ac13eb3e0ea0.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20080910_RL33180_acac354edd6b5bb0214a79d6fc66ac13eb3e0ea0.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc463519/", "id": "RL33180_2008Jul29", "date": "2008-07-29", "retrieved": "2014-12-05T09:57:41", "title": "Enemy Combatant Detainees: Habeas Corpus Challenges in Federal Court", "summary": "This report provides an overview of the Combatant Status Review Tribunal (CSRT) procedures, summarizes court cases related to the detentions and the use of military commissions, and summarizes the Detainee Treatment Act (DTA), as amended by the Military Commissions Act of 2006, analyzing its effects on detainee-related litigation in federal court. The report summarizes pending legislation and provides an analysis of relevant constitutional issues that may have some bearing on Congress's options with respect to the Guantanamo detainees.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20080729_RL33180_a526fc11f4ed7695f24249af64ae58aa69d0e1be.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20080729_RL33180_a526fc11f4ed7695f24249af64ae58aa69d0e1be.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Civil liberties", "name": "Civil liberties" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Criminal justice", "name": "Criminal justice" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Detention of persons -- Law and legislation", "name": "Detention of persons -- Law and legislation" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc816817/", "id": "RL33180_2008Jan28", "date": "2008-01-28", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Enemy Combatant Detainees: Habeas Corpus Challenges in Federal Court", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20080128_RL33180_de5bc48c8a25c5f746f27546461b2fdcde906138.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20080128_RL33180_de5bc48c8a25c5f746f27546461b2fdcde906138.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc809158/", "id": "RL33180_2007Jul25", "date": "2007-07-25", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Enemy Combatant Detainees: Habeas Corpus Challenges in Federal Court", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20070725_RL33180_3a098b0db016deaa5af4087159e01777827a1818.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20070725_RL33180_3a098b0db016deaa5af4087159e01777827a1818.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc816886/", "id": "RL33180_2007Jun26", "date": "2007-06-26", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Enemy Combatant Detainees: Habeas Corpus Challenges in Federal Court", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20070626_RL33180_0879ecb174c5576e48bac4bf0ed6dee2529944e0.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20070626_RL33180_0879ecb174c5576e48bac4bf0ed6dee2529944e0.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc806520/", "id": "RL33180_2007Apr06", "date": "2007-04-06", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Enemy Combatant Detainees: Habeas Corpus Challenges in Federal Court", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20070406_RL33180_8bde22a12077a519a8fd0dbe9293062a270c0fcf.pdf" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc813606/", "id": "RL33180_2007Jan26", "date": "2007-01-26", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Enemy Combatant Detainees: Habeas Corpus Challenges in Federal Court", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20070126_RL33180_658e1c0c0a6d8daf4d146d5b6f45be0d77b4914b.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20070126_RL33180_658e1c0c0a6d8daf4d146d5b6f45be0d77b4914b.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc818342/", "id": "RL33180_2006Oct04", "date": "2006-10-04", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Enemy Combatant Detainees: Habeas Corpus Challenges in Federal Court", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20061004_RL33180_15a8ef3172a84bad1b4776a9d9a39b1b9f23beb6.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20061004_RL33180_15a8ef3172a84bad1b4776a9d9a39b1b9f23beb6.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9899/", "id": "RL33180 2006-09-26", "date": "2006-09-26", "retrieved": "2007-06-12T15:46:53", "title": "Enemy Combatant Detainees:", "summary": "In Rasul v. Bush, a divided Supreme Court declared that \u201ca state of war is not a blank check for the president\u201d and ruled that persons deemed \u201cenemy combatants\u201d have the right to challenge their detention before a judge or other \u201cneutral decision-maker.\u201d This report provides an overview of the CSRT procedures, summarizes court cases related to the detentions and the use of military commissions, and summarizes the Detainee Treatment Act, analyzing how it might affect detainee-related litigation in federal court.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20060926_RL33180_d26e40ce782da72c9fd8423377e38cdb134eeec5.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20060926_RL33180_d26e40ce782da72c9fd8423377e38cdb134eeec5.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Civil liberties", "name": "Civil liberties" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Detention of persons - Law and legislation", "name": "Detention of persons - Law and legislation" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Criminal justice", "name": "Criminal justice" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8224/", "id": "RL33180_2005Dec07", "date": "2005-12-07", "retrieved": "2006-02-24T12:33:11", "title": "Guantanamo Detainees: Habeas Corpus Challenges in Federal Court", "summary": "This report provides an overview of the Combatant Status Review Tribunal procedures, summarizes court cases related to the detentions and the use of military commissions, and summarizes the Graham Amendment and analyzes how it might affect detainee-related litigation in federal court.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20051207_RL33180_dafe59a4862d2217140be5fa2ef291704bb41f16.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20051207_RL33180_dafe59a4862d2217140be5fa2ef291704bb41f16.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Civil liberties", "name": "Civil liberties" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Detention of persons - Law and legislation", "name": "Detention of persons - Law and legislation" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Habeas corpus", "name": "Habeas corpus" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Criminal justice", "name": "Criminal justice" } ] } ], "topics": [ "Constitutional Questions", "Intelligence and National Security", "National Defense" ] }