{ "id": "RL33200", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "number": "RL33200", "active": true, "source": "EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "versions": [ { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 456531, "date": "2016-10-13", "retrieved": "2016-11-28T21:23:46.362958", "title": "Trafficking in Persons in Latin America and the Caribbean", "summary": "Countries in Latin America serve as source, transit, and destination countries for trafficking in persons (TIP). Victims are exploited within their own countries and trafficked to other countries in the region. Latin America is also a primary source region for people trafficked to the United States, including by transnational organized crime groups. In FY2015, Mexico was the primary country of origin for foreign trafficking victims certified as eligible to receive U.S. assistance. Recent victims identified in the United States also have originated in Brazil and Central America. Smaller numbers of Latin Americans are trafficked to Europe and Asia. Latin America also serves as a transit region for Asian victims.\nOn June 30, 2016, the State Department issued its 16th annual congressionally mandated report on human trafficking. The report categorizes countries into four \u201ctiers\u201d according to the government\u2019s efforts to combat trafficking. Only Tier 1 countries, approximately 19.5% of those assessed, are fully compliant with U.S.-established minimum standards to eliminate severe forms of human trafficking. Those countries that do not cooperate in the fight against trafficking (Tier 3) have been made subject to U.S. aid restrictions. Chile, Colombia, and the Bahamas received the top Tier 1 ranking in this year\u2019s report. Belize, Haiti, Suriname, and Venezuela are the only Latin American countries ranked in Tier 3, as Cuba remained in the Tier 2 Watch List. Other countries in the region\u2014Antigua and Barbuda, Bolivia, Costa Rica, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, and Trinidad and Tobago\u2014are on the Tier 2 Watch List.\nSince enactment of the Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000 (TVPA; P.L. 106-386), Congress has taken steps to address human trafficking through legislation (including reauthorizations of the TVPA in 2005, 2008, and 2013), appropriations, and oversight. In February 2016, Congress enacted the International Megan\u2019s Law (P.L. 114-119) requiring U.S. agencies to notify foreign governments when registered sex offenders are visiting their countries. Congress also enacted the Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 2015 (P.L. 114-125) eliminating an exception that had allowed goods produced by forced labor to be imported if demand for those items could not be met by U.S. producers. \nCongress provided funding for anti-TIP programs in the FY2016 Consolidated Appropriations Act (P.L. 114-113), including $5 million for programs in Guatemala and $4 million for forensics to solve TIP cases in Central America. P.L. 114-113 withheld some aid to the governments of El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras until they demonstrated anti-TIP efforts. Congress is monitoring human trafficking trends in the region and overseeing U.S.-funded anti-TIP programs, including U.S.-Mexican law enforcement efforts to disrupt cross-border TIP networks. \nFor more information, see CRS Report R44581, Trafficking in Persons and U.S. Foreign Policy Responses in the 114th Congress, by Liana W. Rosen, and CRS Report R42497, Trafficking in Persons: International Dimensions and Foreign Policy Issues for Congress, by Liana W. Rosen.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL33200", "sha1": "13e4d46391ce77e6cb930c5eceb66ccdb65dfadd", "filename": "files/20161013_RL33200_13e4d46391ce77e6cb930c5eceb66ccdb65dfadd.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL33200", "sha1": "46ea77dacad6e5d437578a02958da697b3ff5f70", "filename": "files/20161013_RL33200_46ea77dacad6e5d437578a02958da697b3ff5f70.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4847, "name": "Latin America, Caribbean, & Canada" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4878, "name": "International Terrorism, Trafficking, & Crime" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 443462, "date": "2015-07-29", "retrieved": "2016-04-06T18:42:54.699269", "title": "Trafficking in Persons in Latin America and the Caribbean", "summary": "Trafficking in persons (TIP) for the purpose of exploitation is a lucrative criminal activity that is of major concern to the United States and the international community. According to the U.S. State Department, there may be as many as 20 million trafficking victims around the world at any given time. In recent years, the largest numbers of trafficking victims have been identified in Africa and Europe; however, human trafficking is also a major problem in Latin America. \nCountries in Latin America serve as source, transit, and destination countries for trafficking victims. Men, women, and children are victimized within their own countries, as well as trafficked to other countries in the region. Latin America is also a primary source region for people trafficked to the United States, increasingly by transnational criminal organizations. In FY2013, primary countries of origin for foreign trafficking victims certified as eligible to receive U.S. assistance included Mexico, Honduras, Guatemala, and El Salvador (along with Thailand, the Philippines, and India). Smaller numbers of Latin American TIP victims are trafficked to Europe and Asia. Latin America serves as a transit region for Asian TIP victims.\nSince enactment of the Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000 (TVPA, P.L. 106-386), Congress has taken steps to address human trafficking by authorizing new programs, reauthorizing existing ones, appropriating funds, creating new criminal laws, and conducting oversight on the effectiveness and implications of U.S. anti-TIP policy. Most recently, the TVPA was reauthorized through FY2017 in Title XXII of the Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act of 2013 (P.L. 110-457). According to CRS calculations, obligations for U.S.-funded anti-TIP programs in Latin America totaled roughly $10.9 million in FY2012.\nOn July 27, 2015, the State Department issued its 15th annual, congressionally mandated report on human trafficking. The report categorizes countries into four \u201ctiers\u201d according to the government\u2019s efforts to combat trafficking. Those countries that do not cooperate in the fight against trafficking (Tier 3) have been made subject to U.S. foreign assistance sanctions. Chile and, for the first time, the Bahamas received the top Tier 1 ranking in this year\u2019s report. Belize and Venezuela are the only Latin American countries ranked on Tier 3, as Cuba upgraded its ranking. Cuba joined nine other countries in the region\u2014Antigua and Barbuda, Bolivia, Costa Rica, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago\u2014on the Tier 2 Watch List. Unless those countries make progress, they could receive a Tier 3 ranking in 2016.\nThe 114th Congress is likely to continue oversight of TIP programs and operations, including U.S.-funded programs in Latin America. Congress is likely to monitor trends in human trafficking in the region, such as the involvement of organized crime groups in TIP, the problem of child trafficking in Haiti, and the vulnerability of unauthorized child migrants from Central America to trafficking. Congress could consider further increasing funding for anti-TIP programs in the region, as was provided for forensic technology to combat TIP in Central America and Mexico in P.L. 113-235, possibly through the M\u00e9rida Initiative, the Central America Regional Security Initiative (CARSI), or through other assistance programs. For more information on human trafficking, see CRS Report RL34317, Trafficking in Persons: U.S. Policy and Issues for Congress, by Alison Siskin and Liana W. Rosen.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL33200", "sha1": "2fc0d73e9b00f2ee4916176a741880a1075f27ec", "filename": "files/20150729_RL33200_2fc0d73e9b00f2ee4916176a741880a1075f27ec.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL33200", "sha1": "8d3d814da5aed2b3bba212657fc3d25a2fcedb83", "filename": "files/20150729_RL33200_8d3d814da5aed2b3bba212657fc3d25a2fcedb83.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 272, "name": "International Trafficking and Crime" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 281, "name": "Latin America and the Caribbean" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 3241, "name": "Global Health, Human Rights, and Humanitarian Policy" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc503532/", "id": "RL33200_2015Feb11", "date": "2015-02-11", "retrieved": "2015-04-30T17:37:21", "title": "Trafficking in Persons in Latin America and the Caribbean", "summary": "This report describes the nature and scope of the problem of human trafficking in Latin America and the Caribbean, including U.S. efforts to deal with trafficking in persons in the region, as well as the successes and failures of some recent country and regional antitrafficking efforts. The report concludes by raising issues that may be helpful for the 113th Congress to consider as it continues to address human trafficking as part of its authorization, appropriations, and oversight activities.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20150211_RL33200_f79e2a0b6d9c1a00859e076368b0f153ab4cd2d9.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20150211_RL33200_f79e2a0b6d9c1a00859e076368b0f153ab4cd2d9.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Criminal justice", "name": "Criminal justice" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Forced labor", "name": "Forced labor" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "International affairs", "name": "International affairs" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Labor", "name": "Labor" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc462829/", "id": "RL33200_2014Jan28", "date": "2014-01-28", "retrieved": "2014-12-05T09:57:41", "title": "Trafficking in Persons in Latin America and the Caribbean", "summary": "This report describes the nature and scope of the problem of trafficking in persons in Latin America and the Caribbean. It then describes U.S. efforts to deal with trafficking in persons in the region, as well as discusses the successes and failures of some recent country and regional antitrafficking efforts. The report concludes by raising issues that may be helpful for the 113th Congress to consider as it continues to address human trafficking as part of its authorization, appropriations, and oversight activities.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20140128_RL33200_f5a7005618d34181d13bd4b84b490c3b44f042ba.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20140128_RL33200_f5a7005618d34181d13bd4b84b490c3b44f042ba.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Criminal justice", "name": "Criminal justice" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Forced labor", "name": "Forced labor" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Labor", "name": "Labor" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "International affairs", "name": "International affairs" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc228018/", "id": "RL33200_2013Jul15", "date": "2013-07-15", "retrieved": "2013-11-05T18:07:05", "title": "Trafficking in Persons in Latin America and the Caribbean", "summary": "Report that describes the nature and scope of the problem of trafficking in persons in Latin America and the Caribbean.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20130715_RL33200_f0cf781325a1cc2e5e2916e3e6ed8b248f7ae049.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20130715_RL33200_f0cf781325a1cc2e5e2916e3e6ed8b248f7ae049.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Criminal justice", "name": "Criminal justice" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Forced labor", "name": "Forced labor" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Labor", "name": "Labor" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "International affairs", "name": "International affairs" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc94019/", "id": "RL33200_2011Sep09", "date": "2011-09-09", "retrieved": "2012-07-24T12:39:36", "title": "Trafficking in Persons in Latin America and the Caribbean", "summary": "This report looks at instances of trafficking in persons (TIP) in Latin America. 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It looks at current legislation in the U.S. to combat this problem.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20110104_RL33200_d3d8e15830b31e5d62ccadbc8d6cac5f5954fc5a.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20110104_RL33200_d3d8e15830b31e5d62ccadbc8d6cac5f5954fc5a.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Criminal justice", "name": "Criminal justice" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Forced labor", "name": "Forced labor" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Labor", "name": "Labor" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "International affairs", "name": "International affairs" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc491339/", "id": "RL33200_2010Dec09", "date": "2010-12-09", "retrieved": "2015-01-27T19:40:46", "title": "Trafficking in Persons in Latin America and the Caribbean", "summary": "This report discusses the issue of trafficking in persons (TIP) in Latin America, giving background information and examining possible policy solutions.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20101209_RL33200_7895ee1aa78692007aafbf9a7388efff7e2eb5d3.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20101209_RL33200_7895ee1aa78692007aafbf9a7388efff7e2eb5d3.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Criminal justice", "name": "Criminal justice" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Forced labor", "name": "Forced labor" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Labor", "name": "Labor" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "International affairs", "name": "International affairs" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc490924/", "id": "RL33200_2010Jul13", "date": "2010-07-13", "retrieved": "2015-01-27T19:40:46", "title": "Trafficking in Persons in Latin America and the Caribbean", "summary": "This report looks at instances of trafficking in persons (TIP) in Latin America. It looks at current legislation in the U.S. to combat this problem.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20100713_RL33200_2c0ec2f457dc45ce3db386302ccce163fc168e7d.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20100713_RL33200_2c0ec2f457dc45ce3db386302ccce163fc168e7d.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Criminal justice", "name": "Criminal justice" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Forced labor", "name": "Forced labor" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "International affairs", "name": "International affairs" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "International affairs", "name": "International affairs" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc505495/", "id": "RL33200_2010Jan20", "date": "2010-01-20", "retrieved": "2015-05-29T05:37:21", "title": "Trafficking in Persons in Latin America and the Caribbean", "summary": "This report looks at instances of trafficking in persons (TIP) in Latin America. 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It then describes U.S. efforts to deal with trafficking in persons in Latin America and the Caribbean, as well as discusses the successes and failures of some recent country and regional anti-trafficking efforts.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20091009_RL33200_2ec30dcadcecc44f63aee83e5a6a21a4c5953ef2.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20091009_RL33200_2ec30dcadcecc44f63aee83e5a6a21a4c5953ef2.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Crimes against humanity", "name": "Crimes against humanity" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Criminal justice", "name": "Criminal justice" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Forced labor", "name": "Forced labor" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "International affairs", "name": "International affairs" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Labor", "name": "Labor" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc808983/", "id": "RL33200_2008Nov21", "date": "2008-11-21", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Trafficking in Persons in Latin America and the Caribbean", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20081121_RL33200_34e7d9bdc3209d68de560067fccaef0be54f44f0.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20081121_RL33200_34e7d9bdc3209d68de560067fccaef0be54f44f0.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc462997/", "id": "RL33200_2008Jul01", "date": "2008-07-01", "retrieved": "2014-12-05T09:57:41", "title": "Trafficking in Persons in Latin America and the Caribbean", "summary": "This report describes the nature and scope of the problem of trafficking in persons in Latin America and the Caribbean. It then describes U.S. efforts to deal with trafficking in persons in Latin America and the Caribbean, as well as discusses the successes and failures of some recent country and regional anti-trafficking efforts. 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The report then describes U.S. efforts to deal with trafficking in persons in the region, as well as discusses the successes and failures of some recent country and regional anti-trafficking efforts. The report concludes by raising several issues for policy consideration that may be helpful as the 109th Congress continues to address human trafficking as part of its authorization,\r\nappropriations, and oversight activities.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20051215_RL33200_afa8dcdd8fb4cf71d02cecb4476bf585e4489acf.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20051215_RL33200_afa8dcdd8fb4cf71d02cecb4476bf585e4489acf.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Criminal justice", "name": "Criminal justice" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Forced labor", "name": "Forced labor" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "International affairs", "name": "International affairs" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Labor", "name": "Labor" } ] } ], "topics": [ "Appropriations", "Crime Policy", "Economic Policy", "Foreign Affairs", "Intelligence and National Security", "Latin American Affairs" ] }