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      "title": "U.S. International Family Planning Programs: Issues for Congress",
      "summary": "For the past several decades, U.S. policymakers have debated the most appropriate and effective funding levels for U.S. international family planning programs. In the mid-1980s, controversy arose over U.S. family planning assistance when the Ronald Reagan Administration introduced restrictions that became known as the \u201cMexico City policy.\u201d The Mexico City policy required foreign non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to certify that they would not perform or actively promote abortion as a method of family planning\u2014even if the activities were undertaken with non-U.S. funds. Presidents Reagan and George H. W. Bush also suspended contributions to the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) due to evidence of coercive family planning practices in China, citing violations of the \u201cKemp-Kasten\u201d amendment, which bans U.S. assistance to organizations that, as determined by the President, support or participate in the management of coercive family planning programs.\nPresident Bill Clinton resumed UNFPA funding and rescinded the Mexico City policy in 1993. In 2001, however, President George W. Bush reapplied the Mexico City policy restrictions. The Bush Administration also suspended U.S. contributions to UNFPA from FY2002 to FY2008 following a State Department investigation of family planning programs in China. In January 2009, President Barack Obama issued a memorandum rescinding the Mexico City policy. The President also stated that the United States would resume U.S. contributions to UNFPA. \nThe U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) is the primary U.S. agency charged with supporting bilateral voluntary family planning and reproductive health (FP/RH) worldwide. Since 1965, it has obligated over $13.8 billion in assistance for international family planning activities. UNPFA is the primary organization through which the United States supports multilateral family planning activities. Recent international family planning-related appropriations and Administration requests are outlined below. \nFY2016 funding\u2014Similar to the previous two fiscal years, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016 (P.L. 114-113), stated that not less than $575 million shall be made available for bilateral FP/RH activities. The act stated that an additional $32.5 million shall be made available for UNFPA, a $2.5 million decrease from the FY2015-enacted level of $35 million. (The Obama Administration had requested a total of $577.6 million in bilateral FP/RH funding, and $35 million for UNFPA.)\nFY2015 funding\u2014As in FY2014, the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015 (P.L. 113-235), stated that not less than $575 million shall be made available for bilateral FP/RH activities, and that an additional $35 million shall be made available for UNFPA.\nFY2014 funding\u2014Enacted in January 2014, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014 (P.L. 113-76) directed that not less than $575 million shall be made available for bilateral FP/RH activities, and that an additional $35 million shall be made available for UNFPA.\nFor further discussion of abortion and family planning-related restrictions in U.S. legislation and policy, see CRS Report R41360, Abortion and Family Planning-Related Provisions in U.S. Foreign Assistance Law and Policy, by Luisa Blanchfield; and CRS Report RL33467, Abortion: Judicial History and Legislative Response, by Jon O. Shimabukuro.\nThis report will be updated as events warrant.",
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      "title": "International Population Assistance and Family Planning Programs: Issues for Congress",
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      "title": "International Population Assistance and Family Planning Programs: Issues for Congress",
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      "title": "International Population Assistance and Family Planning Programs: Issues for Congress",
      "summary": "This report examines issues surrounding the debate on family planning, which is at times the most contentious foreign aid issue considered by Congress. The cornerstone of U.S. policy has remained a commitment to international family planning programs based on principles of volunteerism and informed choice that give participants access to information on all major methods of birth control. At present, USAID maintains family planning projects in more than 60 countries that include counseling and\r\nservices, training of health workers, contraceptive supplies and distribution, financial management, public education and marketing, and biomedical and contraceptive research and development. USAID applies a broad reproductive health approach to its family planning programs, increasingly integrating it with other interventions regarding maternal and child health, the enhancement of the status of women, and HIV prevention and transmission.",
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      "title": "International Population Assistance and Family Planning Programs: Issues for Congress",
      "summary": "Since 1965, United States policy has supported international population planning based on principles of volunteerism and informed choice that gives participants access to information on all methods of birth control. This policy, however, has generated contentious debate for over two decades, resulting in frequent clarification and modification of U.S. international family planning programs. This report provides the context of this debate.",
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        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Abortion",
          "name": "Abortion"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "topics": [
    "Appropriations",
    "Foreign Affairs"
  ]
}