{ "id": "RL33453", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "number": "RL33453", "active": false, "source": "EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "versions": [ { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 429569, "date": "2014-04-02", "retrieved": "2016-04-06T23:03:50.527696", "title": "Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia: Political Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests", "summary": "The United States recognized the independence of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia when the former Soviet Union broke up at the end of 1991. The United States has fostered these states ties with the West in part to end their dependence on Russia for trade, security, and other relations. The United States has pursued close ties with Armenia to encourage its democratization and because of concerns by Armenian Americans and others over its fate. Close ties with Georgia have evolved from U.S. contacts with its pro-Western leadership. Successive Administrations have supported U.S. private investment in Azerbaijans energy sector as a means of increasing the diversity of world energy suppliers. The United States has been active in diplomatic efforts to resolve regional conflicts in the region. As part of U.S. global counter-terrorism efforts, the U.S. military in 2002 began providing equipment and training for Georgias military and security forces. Troops from all three regional states have participated in stabilization efforts in Afghanistan and Iraq. The regional states also have granted transit privileges for U.S. military personnel and equipment bound to and from Afghanistan. \nBeginning on August 7, 2008, Russia and Georgia warred over Georgias breakaway regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Russian troops quickly swept into Georgia, destroyed infrastructure, and tightened their de facto control over the breakaway regions before a ceasefire was concluded on August 15. The conflict has had long-term effects on security dynamics in the region and beyond. Russia recognized the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia, but the United States and nearly all other nations have refused to follow suit. Russia established military bases in Abkhazia and South Ossetiain violation of the ceasefire accordsthat buttress its long-time security presence in Armenia. Although there were some concerns that the South Caucasus had become less stable as a source and transit area for oil and gas, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan are barging oil across the Caspian Sea for transit westward. Also, the United States and the European Union still support building more east-west pipelines through Turkey to bring Azerbaijani and perhaps other gas to European markets.\nIssues of concern in the 113th Congress regarding the South Caucasus may include Armenias independence and economic development; Azerbaijans energy development; and Georgias recovery from Russias August 2008 military incursion. At the same time, concerns have been raised about the status of human rights and democratization in the countries; the ongoing Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict over the breakaway Nagorno Karabakh region; and ongoing threats posed to Georgia and the international order by Russias 2008 incursion and its diplomatic recognition of South Ossetia and Abkhazia. Congress has continued to oversee the regions role as part of the Northern Distribution Network for the transit of U.S. and NATO military supplies to and from Afghanistan. Georgias aspirations for NATO membership have received ongoing congressional support. Many Members of Congress have evinced interest in recent political trends in Georgia following the peaceful transfer of party control in the October 2012 legislative election and in the wake of an October 2013 presidential election. \nSome Members of Congress and other policy makers believe that the United States should provide greater support for the regions increasing role as an east-west trade and security corridor linking the Black Sea and Caspian Sea regions, and for Armenias inclusion in such links. They urge greater U.S. aid and conflict resolution efforts to contain warfare, crime, smuggling, and terrorism, and to bolster the independence of the states. Others urge caution in adopting policies that will increase U.S. involvement in a region beset by ethnic and civil conflicts.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL33453", "sha1": "c94cb5c6d2896f79c796e3ce0166b5bdd84c0453", "filename": "files/20140402_RL33453_c94cb5c6d2896f79c796e3ce0166b5bdd84c0453.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL33453", "sha1": "a9d1bfd7311e443bbee01040c12c2745320f4df9", "filename": "files/20140402_RL33453_a9d1bfd7311e443bbee01040c12c2745320f4df9.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 283, "name": "Russia and the Caucasus" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc282281/", "id": "RL33453_2014Feb20", "date": "2014-02-20", "retrieved": "2014-04-02T19:38:14", "title": "Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia: Political Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests", "summary": "This report discusses the history and political background of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia since their breakaway from the former Soviet Union at the end of 1991. It looks at key issues for the 112th Congress including economies, energy, regional politics, local crime, and terrorism.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20140220_RL33453_8037f3da24fd801d266b2e75676490a29e3af9eb.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20140220_RL33453_8037f3da24fd801d266b2e75676490a29e3af9eb.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government", "name": "Politics and government" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Georgia", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Georgia" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Azerbaijan", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Azerbaijan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Armenia", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Armenia" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- Georgia -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- Georgia -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- Azerbaijan -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- Azerbaijan -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- Armenia -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- Armenia -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "International relief", "name": "International relief" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign aid", "name": "Foreign aid" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc267885/", "id": "RL33453_2013Oct25", "date": "2013-10-25", "retrieved": "2013-12-03T12:16:12", "title": "Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia: Political Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests", "summary": "This report discusses the history and political background of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia since their breakaway from the former Soviet Union at the end of 1991. It looks at key issues for the 112th Congress including economies, energy, regional politics, local crime, and terrorism.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20131025_RL33453_d1a32e9c8ec4399af1cd3fcd7676276f946239b3.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20131025_RL33453_d1a32e9c8ec4399af1cd3fcd7676276f946239b3.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government", "name": "Politics and government" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Georgia", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Georgia" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Azerbaijan", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Azerbaijan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Armenia", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Armenia" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- Georgia -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- Georgia -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- Azerbaijan -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- Azerbaijan -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- Armenia -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- Armenia -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "International relief", "name": "International relief" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign aid", "name": "Foreign aid" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc463374/", "id": "RL33453_2013Jan24", "date": "2013-01-24", "retrieved": "2014-12-05T09:57:41", "title": "Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia: Political Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests", "summary": "This report discusses the history and political background of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia since their breakaway from the former Soviet Union at the end of 1991. It looks at key issues for the 112th Congress including economies, energy, regional politics, local crime, and terrorism.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20130124_RL33453_d6bc11ae558fb91cdfc6eee40f5b486fa76f2384.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20130124_RL33453_d6bc11ae558fb91cdfc6eee40f5b486fa76f2384.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign aid", "name": "Foreign aid" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- Armenia -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- Armenia -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- Azerbaijan -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- Azerbaijan -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- Georgia -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- Georgia -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Armenia", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Armenia" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "International relief", "name": "International relief" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc821578/", "id": "RL33453_2012Sep27", "date": "2012-09-27", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia: Political Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests", "summary": "This report offers background information and recent more development in Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia political and economic situation. It also discusses U.S. policy, U.S. aid, U.S. trade and investments to these countries, congressional response and other legislation.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20120927_RL33453_96532432f4861419a105427188c9fadac2f08bac.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20120927_RL33453_96532432f4861419a105427188c9fadac2f08bac.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Armenia", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Armenia" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Azerbaijan", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Azerbaijan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Georgia", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Georgia" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc94037/", "id": "RL33453_2012Jun15", "date": "2012-06-15", "retrieved": "2012-07-24T12:39:36", "title": "Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia: Political Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests", "summary": "This report discusses the history and political background of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia since their breakaway from the former Soviet Union at the end of 1991. It looks at key issues for the 112th Congress including economies, energy, regional politics, local crime, and terrorism.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20120615_RL33453_74e27f7e9ad0e0c3f51530880930124ac72398d1.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20120615_RL33453_74e27f7e9ad0e0c3f51530880930124ac72398d1.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government", "name": "Politics and government" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Georgia", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Georgia" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Azerbaijan", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Azerbaijan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Armenia", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Armenia" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- Georgia -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- Georgia -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- Azerbaijan -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- Azerbaijan -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- Armenia -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- Armenia -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "International relief", "name": "International relief" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign aid", "name": "Foreign aid" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc85459/", "id": "RL33453_2012May01", "date": "2012-05-01", "retrieved": "2012-06-06T14:34:05", "title": "Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia: Political Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests", "summary": "This report offers background information and recent more development in Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia political and economic situation. It also discusses U.S. policy, U.S. aid, U.S. trade and investments to these countries, congressional response and other legislation.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20120501_RL33453_64379988737b75fd8c6d46028ed0b3bf87b165ca.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20120501_RL33453_64379988737b75fd8c6d46028ed0b3bf87b165ca.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations", "name": "Foreign relations" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government", "name": "Politics and government" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "International relations", "name": "International relations" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign trade regulation", "name": "Foreign trade regulation" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc820261/", "id": "RL33453_2011Oct27", "date": "2011-10-27", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia: Political Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20111027_RL33453_516cd29c374a7cf93cee832a0bb75a132b86dbf5.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20111027_RL33453_516cd29c374a7cf93cee832a0bb75a132b86dbf5.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc98065/", "id": "RL33453_2011Apr15", "date": "2011-04-15", "retrieved": "2012-08-21T08:46:06", "title": "Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia: Political Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests", "summary": "This report discusses the history and political background of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia since breaking away from the former Soviet Union at the end of 1991. It looks at key issues for the 112th Congress including economies, energy, regional politics, local crime, and terrorism.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20110415_RL33453_6aa24faba04092d9d0b14d72dec19f728d8d738e.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20110415_RL33453_6aa24faba04092d9d0b14d72dec19f728d8d738e.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government", "name": "Politics and government" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Georgia", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Georgia" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Azerbaijan", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Azerbaijan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Armenia", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Armenia" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- Georgia -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- Georgia -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- Azerbaijan -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- Azerbaijan -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- Armenia -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- Armenia -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "International relief", "name": "International relief" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign aid", "name": "Foreign aid" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc491323/", "id": "RL33453_2010Dec21", "date": "2010-12-21", "retrieved": "2015-01-27T19:40:46", "title": "Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia: Political Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests", "summary": "his report discusses the history and political background of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia since breaking away from the former Soviet Union at the end of 1991. It looks at key issues for the 112th Congress including economies, energy, regional politics, local crime, and terrorism.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20101221_RL33453_883e32f2948a356ac899da8281c8bbafead109c9.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20101221_RL33453_883e32f2948a356ac899da8281c8bbafead109c9.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign aid", "name": "Foreign aid" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- Armenia -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- Armenia -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- Azerbaijan -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- Azerbaijan -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- Georgia -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- Georgia -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "International relief", "name": "International relief" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government", "name": "Politics and government" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc31410/", "id": "RL33453_2010Sep16", "date": "2010-09-16", "retrieved": "2011-03-09T09:26:47", "title": "Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia: Political Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests", "summary": "The United States recognized the independence of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia when the former Soviet Union broke up at the end of 1991. The United States has fostered these states' ties with the West in part to end their dependence on Russia for trade, security, and other relations. This report discusses the relationships between the United States and each of these three nations, as well as these three nations' political and economic conditions. The report also discusses key related issues in the second session of the 111th Congress, including Armenia's independence and economic development, Azerbaijan's energy development, and Georgia's recovery from Russian's August 2008 military incursion.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20100916_RL33453_822fd088ca2a3faac55641932480cec4a0fbd230.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20100916_RL33453_822fd088ca2a3faac55641932480cec4a0fbd230.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government", "name": "Politics and government" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government - Armenia", "name": "Politics and government - Armenia" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government - Azerbaijan", "name": "Politics and government - Azerbaijan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government - Georgia", "name": "Politics and government - Georgia" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - U.S. - Armenia", "name": "Foreign relations - U.S. - Armenia" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - Armenia - U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations - Armenia - U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - U.S. - Azerbaijan", "name": "Foreign relations - U.S. - Azerbaijan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - Azerbaijan - U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations - Azerbaijan - U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relatiosn - U.S. - Georgia", "name": "Foreign relatiosn - U.S. - Georgia" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - Georgia - U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations - Georgia - U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign aid", "name": "Foreign aid" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "American economic assistance - Armenia", "name": "American economic assistance - Armenia" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "American economic assistance - Azerbaijan", "name": "American economic assistance - Azerbaijan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "American economic assistance - Georgia", "name": "American economic assistance - Georgia" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501770/", "id": "RL33453_2010Jun30", "date": "2010-06-30", "retrieved": "2015-03-30T22:03:27", "title": "Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia: Political Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests", "summary": "This report discusses the history and political background of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia since breaking away from the former Soviet Union at the end of 1991. It looks at key issues for the 112th Congress including economies, energy, regional politics, local crime, and terrorism.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20100630_RL33453_ceb0de3856f5b7fe524add9b01318f58569f92e9.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20100630_RL33453_ceb0de3856f5b7fe524add9b01318f58569f92e9.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- Armenia -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- Armenia -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- Azerbaijan -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- Azerbaijan -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- Georgia -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- Georgia -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "International relief", "name": "International relief" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government", "name": "Politics and government" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc505633/", "id": "RL33453_2010Jan25", "date": "2010-01-25", "retrieved": "2015-05-29T05:37:21", "title": "Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia: Political Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests", "summary": "This report discusses the history and political background of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia since breaking away from the former Soviet Union at the end of 1991. It looks at key issues for the 112th Congress including economies, energy, regional politics, local crime, and terrorism.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20100125_RL33453_3f3c247cae9e4011a2bd213de7211412de6f6aa8.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20100125_RL33453_3f3c247cae9e4011a2bd213de7211412de6f6aa8.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- Armenia -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- Armenia -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- Azerbaijan -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- Azerbaijan -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- Georgia -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- Georgia -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "International relief", "name": "International relief" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government", "name": "Politics and government" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc689293/", "id": "RL33453_2009Oct20", "date": "2009-10-20", "retrieved": "2015-08-03T15:06:47", "title": "Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia: Political Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests", "summary": "This report discusses the relationships between the United States and Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia, as well as these three nations' political and economic conditions. The report also discusses key related issues in the second session of the 111th Congress, including the question of the United States' role in the South Caucasus, the significance of regional energy resources to U.S. interests, and other pertinent issues.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20091020_RL33453_62d0d8a2c199b04d2174b2e8707bfb462a67dff1.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20091020_RL33453_62d0d8a2c199b04d2174b2e8707bfb462a67dff1.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign aid", "name": "Foreign aid" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Armenia", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Armenia" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Azerbaijan", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Azerbaijan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Georgia", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Georgia" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government", "name": "Politics and government" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc689294/", "id": "RL33453_2009Aug06", "date": "2009-08-06", "retrieved": "2015-08-03T15:06:47", "title": "Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia: Political Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests", "summary": "This report discusses the relationships between the United States and Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia, as well as these three nations' political and economic conditions. The report also discusses key related issues in the second session of the 111th Congress, including the question of the United States' role in the South Caucasus, the significance of regional energy resources to U.S. interests, and other pertinent issues.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20090806_RL33453_5d175a0d8756b515ff294af42548923b16a184eb.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20090806_RL33453_5d175a0d8756b515ff294af42548923b16a184eb.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign aid", "name": "Foreign aid" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Armenia", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Armenia" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Azerbaijan", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Azerbaijan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Georgia", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Georgia" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government", "name": "Politics and government" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government -- Armenia", "name": "Politics and government -- Armenia" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government -- Azerbaijan", "name": "Politics and government -- Azerbaijan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government -- Georgia", "name": "Politics and government -- Georgia" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc700917/", "id": "RL33453_2009Jul13", "date": "2009-07-13", "retrieved": "2015-08-27T16:20:31", "title": "Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia: Political Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests", "summary": "This report discusses the relationships between the United States and Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia, as well as these three nations' political and economic conditions. The report also discusses key related issues in the second session of the 111th Congress, including the question of the United States' role in the South Caucasus, the significance of regional energy resources to U.S. interests, and other pertinent issues.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20090713_RL33453_86a97ab52c368ae9e640eefae0b971fa99ea2fc7.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20090713_RL33453_86a97ab52c368ae9e640eefae0b971fa99ea2fc7.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Armenia", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Armenia" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- Armenia -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- Armenia -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Azerbaijan", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Azerbaijan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Georgia", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Georgia" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government", "name": "Politics and government" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc770559/", "id": "RL33453_2009Apr09", "date": "2009-04-09", "retrieved": "2015-11-04T09:58:14", "title": "Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia: Political Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests", "summary": "This report discusses the relationships between the United States and Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia, as well as these three nations' political and economic conditions. It also discusses key related issues in the second session of the 111th Congress, including the question of the United States' role in the South Caucasus, the significance of regional energy resources to U.S. interests, and other pertinent issues.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20090409_RL33453_98fe1d0a4e2a1ed04551315e7bd1efe05ea68713.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20090409_RL33453_98fe1d0a4e2a1ed04551315e7bd1efe05ea68713.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Armenia", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Armenia" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- Armenia -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- Armenia -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Azerbaijan", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Azerbaijan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Georgia", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Georgia" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government", "name": "Politics and government" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc810170/", "id": "RL33453_2008Nov06", "date": "2008-11-06", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia: Political Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20081106_RL33453_37c4c4bb103fef277a68db903d2f94e0942fcb92.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20081106_RL33453_37c4c4bb103fef277a68db903d2f94e0942fcb92.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc770574/", "id": "RL33453_2008Sep24", "date": "2008-09-24", "retrieved": "2015-11-04T09:58:14", "title": "Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia: Political Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests", "summary": "This report discusses the relationships between the United States and Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia, as well as these three nations' political and economic conditions. It also discusses key related issues in the second session of the 111th Congress, including the question of the United States' role in the South Caucasus, the significance of regional energy resources to U.S. interests, and other pertinent issues.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20080924_RL33453_994af06c906037174ec7925ed3173162c54cbfa6.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20080924_RL33453_994af06c906037174ec7925ed3173162c54cbfa6.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Armenia", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Armenia" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- Armenia -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- Armenia -- U.S." } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc770599/", "id": "RL33453_2008Aug13", "date": "2008-08-13", "retrieved": "2015-11-04T09:58:14", "title": "Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia: Political Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests", "summary": "This report discusses the relationships between the United States and Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia, as well as these three nations' political and economic conditions. It also discusses key related issues in the second session of the 111th Congress, including the question of the United States' role in the South Caucasus, the significance of regional energy resources to U.S. interests, and other pertinent issues.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20080813_RL33453_77ce8022d8e0cf689b30c50e0e16181e112396ce.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20080813_RL33453_77ce8022d8e0cf689b30c50e0e16181e112396ce.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign aid", "name": "Foreign aid" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Armenia", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Armenia" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Azerbaijan", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Azerbaijan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Georgia", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Georgia" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government", "name": "Politics and government" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government -- Armenia", "name": "Politics and government -- Armenia" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government -- Azerbaijan", "name": "Politics and government -- Azerbaijan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government -- Georgia", "name": "Politics and government -- Georgia" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc743418/", "id": "RL33453_2008Jun17", "date": "2008-06-17", "retrieved": "2015-10-20T21:35:54", "title": "Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia: Political Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests", "summary": "This report discusses the relationships between the United States and Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia, as well as these three nations' political and economic conditions. The report also discusses key related issues in the second session of the 111th Congress, including the question of the United States' role in the South Caucasus, the significance of regional energy resources to U.S. interests, and other pertinent issues.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20080617_RL33453_0c34dee05da2733c67c5e731f37df7e63b6cf2e6.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20080617_RL33453_0c34dee05da2733c67c5e731f37df7e63b6cf2e6.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign aid", "name": "Foreign aid" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Armenia", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Armenia" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- Armenia -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- Armenia -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Azerbaijan", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Azerbaijan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Georgia", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Georgia" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government", "name": "Politics and government" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government -- Armenia", "name": "Politics and government -- Armenia" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc806607/", "id": "RL33453_2007Dec19", "date": "2007-12-19", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia: Political Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20071219_RL33453_301582c2a2ae93e1ca0a846d9af27c3a65c3a091.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20071219_RL33453_301582c2a2ae93e1ca0a846d9af27c3a65c3a091.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc819276/", "id": "RL33453_2007Sep20", "date": "2007-09-20", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia: Political Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20070920_RL33453_10afb815b0762534233013e18aa1373e26d2f0f1.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20070920_RL33453_10afb815b0762534233013e18aa1373e26d2f0f1.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc817292/", "id": "RL33453_2007Jul31", "date": "2007-07-31", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia: Political Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20070731_RL33453_7fcb5478f91e0059577dabb9dfaf125160606398.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20070731_RL33453_7fcb5478f91e0059577dabb9dfaf125160606398.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc815874/", "id": "RL33453_2007Jul12", "date": "2007-07-12", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia: Political Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20070712_RL33453_30a2feeddaa1457b61a9c7ba47a4fe8840c1c0e3.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20070712_RL33453_30a2feeddaa1457b61a9c7ba47a4fe8840c1c0e3.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc817837/", "id": "RL33453_2007Apr05", "date": "2007-04-05", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia: Political Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20070405_RL33453_ab33f2ec9f68a753b0a2005f966e4dc961645463.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20070405_RL33453_ab33f2ec9f68a753b0a2005f966e4dc961645463.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc813381/", "id": "RL33453_2006Dec08", "date": "2006-12-08", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia: Political Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20061208_RL33453_6dcd41f71645072cc1ee1fb8ba0b67650c88e5e4.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20061208_RL33453_6dcd41f71645072cc1ee1fb8ba0b67650c88e5e4.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc820039/", "id": "RL33453_2006Nov16", "date": "2006-11-16", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia: Political Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20061116_RL33453_31db94fad57c97dbddb8a2f92b29c705393796b8.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20061116_RL33453_31db94fad57c97dbddb8a2f92b29c705393796b8.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc811760/", "id": "RL33453_2006Oct20", "date": "2006-10-20", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia: Political Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20061020_RL33453_c898834b49047fd4245100bc6ada125dd6f40522.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20061020_RL33453_c898834b49047fd4245100bc6ada125dd6f40522.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9831/", "id": "RL33453 2006-08-31", "date": "2006-08-31", "retrieved": "2007-06-12T15:15:56", "title": "Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia: Political Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests", "summary": "The United States recognized the independence of all the former Soviet republics by the end of 1991, including the South Caucasus states of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia. The United States has fostered these states' ties with the West in part to end the dependence of these states on Russia for trade, security, and other relations. The FREEDOM Support Act of 1992 provides authorization for assistance to the Eurasian states for humanitarian needs, democratization, and other purposes. In the aftermath of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on the United States, the Administration appealed for a national security waiver of the prohibition on aid to Azerbaijan, in consideration of Azerbaijan's assistance to the international coalition to combat terrorism. Azerbaijani and Georgian troops participate in stabilization efforts in Afghanistan and Iraq, and Armenian personnel serve in Iraq.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20060831_RL33453_10b0cfee1c4b632311dcf243b3e8adf75ee50171.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20060831_RL33453_10b0cfee1c4b632311dcf243b3e8adf75ee50171.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign aid", "name": "Foreign aid" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "American economic assistance - Georgia", "name": "American economic assistance - Georgia" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "American economic assistance - Azerbaijan", "name": "American economic assistance - Azerbaijan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "American economic assistance - Armenia", "name": "American economic assistance - Armenia" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc806528/", "id": "RL33453_2006Jul24", "date": "2006-07-24", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia: Political Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20060724_RL33453_aa51d859c49fc044692a18a116223a0eea3cc121.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20060724_RL33453_aa51d859c49fc044692a18a116223a0eea3cc121.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9711/", "id": "RL33453 2006-06-02", "date": "2006-06-02", "retrieved": "2007-06-12T13:43:10", "title": "Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia: Political Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests", "summary": "The United States recognized the independence of all the former Soviet republics by the end of 1991, including the South Caucasus states of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia. The United States has fostered these states' ties with the West in part to end the dependence of these states on Russia for trade, security, and other relations. The FREEDOM Support Act of 1992 provides authorization for assistance to the Eurasian states for humanitarian needs, democratization, and other purposes. In the aftermath of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on the United States, the Administration appealed for a national security waiver of the prohibition on aid to Azerbaijan, in consideration of Azerbaijan's assistance to the international coalition to combat terrorism. Azerbaijani and Georgian troops participate in stabilization efforts in Afghanistan and Iraq, and Armenian personnel serve in Iraq.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20060602_RL33453_d1b6b3ac251a9f9c1c6778c9e84bd7da453478bc.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20060602_RL33453_d1b6b3ac251a9f9c1c6778c9e84bd7da453478bc.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign aid", "name": "Foreign aid" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "American economic assistance - Georgia", "name": "American economic assistance - Georgia" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "American economic assistance - Azerbaijan", "name": "American economic assistance - Azerbaijan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "American economic assistance - Armenia", "name": "American economic assistance - Armenia" } ] } ], "topics": [ "Foreign Affairs", "Intelligence and National Security", "National Defense" ] }