{ "id": "RL33546", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "RL", "number": "RL33546", "active": true, "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov, EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "versions": [ { "source_dir": "crsreports.congress.gov", "title": "Jordan: Background and U.S. Relations", "retrieved": "2024-08-01T04:04:08.803771", "id": "RL33546_90_2024-07-01", "formats": [ { "filename": "files/2024-07-01_RL33546_a4c5da36e35dac3441e1d32da944a9c31d46fbc2.pdf", "format": "PDF", "url": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/RL/RL33546/90", "sha1": "a4c5da36e35dac3441e1d32da944a9c31d46fbc2" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/2024-07-01_RL33546_a4c5da36e35dac3441e1d32da944a9c31d46fbc2.html" } ], "date": "2024-07-01", "summary": null, "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov", "typeId": "RL", "active": true, "sourceLink": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/details?prodcode=RL33546", "type": "CRS Report" }, { "source_dir": "crsreports.congress.gov", "title": "Jordan: Background and U.S. Relations", "retrieved": "2024-08-01T04:04:08.801431", "id": "RL33546_87_2023-06-23", "formats": [ { "filename": "files/2023-06-23_RL33546_26ed9ceb8573d6771229927aa5af3d0fde9bac19.pdf", "format": "PDF", "url": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/RL/RL33546/87", "sha1": "26ed9ceb8573d6771229927aa5af3d0fde9bac19" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/2023-06-23_RL33546_26ed9ceb8573d6771229927aa5af3d0fde9bac19.html" } ], "date": "2023-06-23", "summary": null, "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov", "typeId": "RL", "active": true, "sourceLink": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/details?prodcode=RL33546", "type": "CRS Report" }, { "source_dir": "crsreports.congress.gov", "title": "Jordan: Background and U.S. Relations", "retrieved": "2024-08-01T04:04:08.800088", "id": "RL33546_85_2022-12-02", "formats": [ { "filename": "files/2022-12-02_RL33546_ef334dd42cb14e458586a86298f8784c64e3ae3c.pdf", "format": "PDF", "url": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/RL/RL33546/85", "sha1": "ef334dd42cb14e458586a86298f8784c64e3ae3c" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/2022-12-02_RL33546_ef334dd42cb14e458586a86298f8784c64e3ae3c.html" } ], "date": "2022-12-02", "summary": null, "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov", "typeId": "RL", "active": true, "sourceLink": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/details?prodcode=RL33546", "type": "CRS Report" }, { "source_dir": "crsreports.congress.gov", "title": "Jordan: Background and U.S. Relations", "retrieved": "2024-08-01T04:04:08.798634", "id": "RL33546_83_2022-04-14", "formats": [ { "filename": "files/2022-04-14_RL33546_71ef2e0701924c55d03a0a0004e665645266c430.pdf", "format": "PDF", "url": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/RL/RL33546/83", "sha1": "71ef2e0701924c55d03a0a0004e665645266c430" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/2022-04-14_RL33546_71ef2e0701924c55d03a0a0004e665645266c430.html" } ], "date": "2022-04-14", "summary": null, "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov", "typeId": "RL", "active": true, "sourceLink": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/details?prodcode=RL33546", "type": "CRS Report" }, { "source_dir": "crsreports.congress.gov", "title": "Jordan: Background and U.S. Relations", "retrieved": "2024-08-01T04:04:08.796488", "id": "RL33546_80_2021-07-15", "formats": [ { "filename": "files/2021-07-15_RL33546_9f89430bad236585dfea427e0ea6d7bbc756ab71.pdf", "format": "PDF", "url": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/RL/RL33546/80", "sha1": "9f89430bad236585dfea427e0ea6d7bbc756ab71" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/2021-07-15_RL33546_9f89430bad236585dfea427e0ea6d7bbc756ab71.html" } ], "date": "2021-07-15", "summary": null, "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov", "typeId": "RL", "active": true, "sourceLink": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/details?prodcode=RL33546", "type": "CRS Report" }, { "source_dir": "crsreports.congress.gov", "title": "Jordan: Background and U.S. Relations", "retrieved": "2024-08-01T04:04:08.795112", "id": "RL33546_78_2020-06-18", "formats": [ { "filename": "files/2020-06-18_RL33546_31a23bda4841a21892e8fc069e068190d082b72b.pdf", "format": "PDF", "url": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/RL/RL33546/78", "sha1": "31a23bda4841a21892e8fc069e068190d082b72b" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/2020-06-18_RL33546_31a23bda4841a21892e8fc069e068190d082b72b.html" } ], "date": "2020-06-18", "summary": null, "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov", "typeId": "RL", "active": true, "sourceLink": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/details?prodcode=RL33546", "type": "CRS Report" }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 610133, "date": "2019-12-04", "retrieved": "2019-12-13T15:07:14.401588", "title": "Jordan: Background and U.S. Relations", "summary": "The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is a key U.S. partner in the Middle East. Although the United States and Jordan have never been linked by a formal treaty, the two countries have cooperated on a number of regional and international issues over the years. Jordan remains at peace with Israel and is a key interlocutor with the Palestinians. Jordan\u2019s strategic importance to the United States is evident given ongoing instability in neighboring Syria and Iraq. Jordan also is a longtime U.S. partner in global counterterrorism operations. U.S.-Jordanian military, intelligence, and diplomatic cooperation seeks to empower political moderates, reduce sectarian conflict, and eliminate terrorist threats. \nU.S. officials frequently express their support for Jordan. U.S. support has helped Jordan address serious vulnerabilities, both internal and external. Jordan\u2019s small size and lack of major economic resources have made it dependent on aid from Western and various Arab sources. President Trump has acknowledged Jordan\u2019s role as a key U.S. partner in countering the Islamic State, as many U.S. policymakers advocate for continued robust U.S. assistance to the kingdom. \nAnnual U.S. aid to Jordan has nearly quadrupled in historical terms over the last 15 years. The United States has provided economic and military aid to Jordan since 1951 and 1957, respectively. Total bilateral U.S. aid (overseen by the Departments of State and Defense) to Jordan through FY2017 amounted to approximately $20.4 billion. Jordan also hosts nearly 3,000 U.S. troops. \nPublic dissatisfaction with the economy is a pressing concern for the monarchy. In 2018, widespread protests erupted throughout the kingdom in opposition to a draft tax bill and price hikes on fuel and electricity. Though peaceful, the protests drew immediate international attention because of their scale. Since then, the government has softened tax increases, but also has continued to work with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) on fiscal reforms to address a public debt that has ballooned to 94% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP).\nAs the Trump Administration has enacted changes to long-standing U.S. policies on Israel and the Palestinians, which the Palestinians have criticized as unfairly punitive to them and biased toward Israel, Jordan has found itself in a difficult position. While King Abdullah II seeks to maintain strong relations with the United States, he rules over a country where the issue of Palestinian rights resonates with much of the population; more than half of all Jordanian citizens originate from either the West Bank or the area now comprising the state of Israel. In trying to balance U.S.-Jordanian relations with Palestinian concerns, King Abdullah II has refrained from directly criticizing the Trump Administration on its moves, while urging the international community to return to the goal of a two-state solution that would ultimately lead to an independent Palestinian state with East Jerusalem as its capital.\nCongress may consider legislation pertaining to U.S. relations with Jordan. On February 18, 2016, President Obama signed the United States-Jordan Defense Cooperation Act of 2015 (P.L. 114-123), which authorizes expedited review and an increased value threshold for proposed arms sales to Jordan for a period of three years. It amended the Arms Export Control Act to give Jordan temporarily the same preferential treatment U.S. law bestows upon NATO members and Australia, Israel, Japan, New Zealand, and South Korea. S. 28, the United States-Jordan Defense Cooperation Extension Act, would reauthorize the United States-Jordan Defense Cooperation Act (22 U.S.C. 275) through December 31, 2022. In the House, H.R. 4862 also would reauthorize the 2015 Act while also calling on the United States International Development Finance Corporation to issue a call for \u201cproposals pursuing investment funds with a focus on Jordan.\u201d", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL33546", "sha1": "1b5904176e2470374f0e8d5913fd90effb6e08e6", "filename": "files/20191204_RL33546_1b5904176e2470374f0e8d5913fd90effb6e08e6.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL33546_files&id=/0.png": "files/20191204_RL33546_images_893d530a07f212084f20efa2eaf62680ea6eff26.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL33546_files&id=/1.png": "files/20191204_RL33546_images_c9a923c0ed69cc82f0e64836a9cf2408b9817a15.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL33546_files&id=/2.png": "files/20191204_RL33546_images_9b881c8e2d49f1794541b32af2e560419078ee7c.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL33546", "sha1": "7197945d2c4b27696379ad36957b1d07d84ed13f", "filename": "files/20191204_RL33546_7197945d2c4b27696379ad36957b1d07d84ed13f.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 596097, "date": "2019-04-09", "retrieved": "2019-04-17T13:44:39.057723", "title": "Jordan: Background and U.S. Relations", "summary": "The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is considered a key U.S. partner in the Middle East. Although the United States and Jordan have never been linked by a formal treaty, they have cooperated on a number of regional and international issues over the years. Jordan\u2019s strategic importance to the United States is evident given ongoing instability in neighboring Syria and Iraq, Jordan\u2019s 1994 peace treaty with Israel, and uncertainty over the trajectory of Palestinian politics. Jordan also is a longtime U.S. partner in global counterterrorism operations. U.S.-Jordanian military, intelligence, and diplomatic cooperation seeks to empower political moderates, reduce sectarian conflict, and eliminate terrorist threats. \nU.S. officials frequently express their support for Jordan. U.S. support, in particular, has helped Jordan address serious vulnerabilities, both internal and external. Jordan\u2019s small size and lack of major economic resources have made it dependent on aid from Western and various Arab sources. President Trump has acknowledged Jordan\u2019s role as a key U.S. partner in countering the Islamic State, as many U.S. policymakers advocate for continued robust U.S. assistance to the kingdom. \nAnnual aid to Jordan has nearly quadrupled in historical terms over the last 15 years. The United States has provided economic and military aid to Jordan since 1951 and 1957, respectively. Total bilateral U.S. aid (overseen by the Departments of State and Defense) to Jordan through FY2017 amounted to approximately $20.4 billion. Jordan also hosts over 2,000 U.S. troops. \nPublic dissatisfaction with the economy is a pressing concern for the monarchy. In 2018, widespread protests erupted throughout the kingdom in opposition to a draft tax bill and price hikes on fuel and electricity. Though peaceful, the protests drew immediate international attention because of their scale. Since then, the government has frozen or softened the proposed fiscal measures, but also has continued to work with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) on fiscal reforms to address a public debt that has ballooned to 96.4% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP).\nAs the Trump Administration has enacted changes to long-standing U.S. policies on Israel and the Palestinians, which the Palestinians have criticized as unfairly punitive and biased toward Israel, Jordan has found itself in a difficult political position. While King Abdullah II seeks to maintain strong relations with the United States, he rules over a country where the issue of Palestinian rights resonates with much of the population; more than half of all Jordanian citizens originate from either the West Bank or the area now comprising the state of Israel. In trying to balance U.S.-Jordanian relations with Palestinian concerns, King Abdullah II has refrained from directly criticizing the Trump Administration on its recent moves, while urging the international community to return to the goal of a two-state solution that would ultimately lead to an independent Palestinian state with East Jerusalem as its capital.\nThe 116th Congress may consider legislation pertaining to U.S. relations with Jordan. On February 18, 2016, President Obama signed the United States-Jordan Defense Cooperation Act of 2015 (P.L. 114-123), which authorizes expedited review and an increased value threshold for proposed arms sales to Jordan for a period of three years. It amended the Arms Export Control Act to give Jordan temporarily the same preferential treatment U.S. law bestows upon NATO members and Australia, Israel, Japan, New Zealand, and South Korea. S. 28, the United States-Jordan Defense Cooperation Extension Act, would reauthorize the United States-Jordan Defense Cooperation Act (22 U.S.C. 275) through December 31, 2022.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL33546", "sha1": "224c956249912d2bd2de9174c8727927bc5c244d", "filename": "files/20190409_RL33546_224c956249912d2bd2de9174c8727927bc5c244d.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL33546_files&id=/4.png": "files/20190409_RL33546_images_7332629c5f8d9abc271ef671b19517ba78818415.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL33546_files&id=/0.png": "files/20190409_RL33546_images_d8f5e917c71c4bd5b499aca7cd8c63b6de6063f8.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL33546_files&id=/5.png": "files/20190409_RL33546_images_6ab3e048173c5e5b05d72905f1ad4c01a2793a63.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL33546_files&id=/1.png": "files/20190409_RL33546_images_737c1a1d9750de4fe96dee30f50a88c884f79f4f.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL33546_files&id=/2.png": "files/20190409_RL33546_images_bfb2049c06c512231b611e82f5239a9597c3f7db.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL33546_files&id=/3.png": "files/20190409_RL33546_images_10c29fa333cacca619c7fa9a49dbb373f33d7135.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL33546", "sha1": "284126bd552fa3ccd18878162aa4da5b63e9ac1b", "filename": "files/20190409_RL33546_284126bd552fa3ccd18878162aa4da5b63e9ac1b.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 586422, "date": "2018-10-17", "retrieved": "2018-10-19T13:14:21.008932", "title": "Jordan: Background and U.S. Relations", "summary": "This report provides an overview of Jordanian politics and current issues in U.S.-Jordanian relations. It provides a brief discussion of Jordan\u2019s government and economy and of its cooperation with U.S. policies in the Middle East.\nSeveral issues are likely to figure in decisions by Congress and the Administration on future aid to and cooperation with Jordan. These include Jordan\u2019s continued involvement in attempting to promote Israeli-Palestinian peace and the stability of the Jordanian regime, particularly in light of ongoing conflicts in neighboring Syria and Iraq. U.S. officials may also consider potential threats to Jordan from the Islamic State organization (IS, also known as ISIL, ISIS, or the Arabic acronym Da\u2019esh).\nAlthough the United States and Jordan have never been linked by a formal treaty, they have cooperated on a number of regional and international issues over the years. Jordan\u2019s small size and lack of major economic resources have made it dependent on aid from Western and various Arab sources. U.S. support, in particular, has helped Jordan address serious vulnerabilities, both internal and external. Jordan\u2019s geographic position, wedged between Israel, Syria, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia, has made it vulnerable to the strategic designs of more powerful neighbors, but has also given Jordan an important role as a buffer between these countries in their largely adversarial relations with one another. \nPublic dissatisfaction with the economy is probably the most pressing concern for the Jordanian monarchy. Over the summer of 2018, widespread protests erupted throughout the kingdom in opposition to a draft tax bill and price hikes on fuel and electricity. Though peaceful, the protests drew immediate international attention because of their scale. Since then, the government has continued to work with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) on fiscal reforms to address a public debt that has ballooned to 96.4% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP).\nThe United States has provided economic and military aid to Jordan since 1951 and 1957, respectively. Total bilateral U.S. aid (overseen by the Departments of State and Defense) to Jordan through FY2016 amounted to approximately $19.2 billion. \nOn February 14, 2018, then-U.S. Secretary of State Rex W. Tillerson and Jordanian Minister of Foreign Affairs Ayman Safadi signed a new Memorandum of Understanding (or MOU) on U.S. foreign assistance to Jordan. The MOU, the third such agreement between the United and Jordan, commits the United States to provide $1.275 billion per year in bilateral foreign assistance over a five-year period for a total of $6.375 billion (FY2018-FY2022). This latest MOU represents a 27% increase in the U.S. commitment to Jordan above the previous iteration and is the first five-year MOU with the kingdom. The previous two MOU agreements had been in effect for three years. In line with the new MOU, for FY2019 President Trump is requesting $1.271 billion for Jordan, including $910.8 million in ESF, $350 million in FMF, and $3.8 million in International Military Education and Training (IMET).", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL33546", "sha1": "6d76bca5215dc609881a9d227e0a1704caaf3341", "filename": "files/20181017_RL33546_6d76bca5215dc609881a9d227e0a1704caaf3341.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL33546_files&id=/4.png": "files/20181017_RL33546_images_c48b40f37dc0ebb8425a56890d6beb0b009f8c07.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL33546_files&id=/6.png": "files/20181017_RL33546_images_bcebb03e9ed80bf80f26636b02379d4be5a1e6d1.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL33546_files&id=/0.png": "files/20181017_RL33546_images_d8f5e917c71c4bd5b499aca7cd8c63b6de6063f8.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL33546_files&id=/5.png": "files/20181017_RL33546_images_7332629c5f8d9abc271ef671b19517ba78818415.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL33546_files&id=/1.png": "files/20181017_RL33546_images_a97c212c7b7bd45ece8dad5f76798f2d46518d8a.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL33546_files&id=/2.png": "files/20181017_RL33546_images_bfb2049c06c512231b611e82f5239a9597c3f7db.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL33546_files&id=/3.png": "files/20181017_RL33546_images_46a4aa84fdb5f8e6df3e319cba6ae6c5c228e54c.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL33546", "sha1": "c6a5dd4743b7e5e3b09b09d03450994762cdfcde", "filename": "files/20181017_RL33546_c6a5dd4743b7e5e3b09b09d03450994762cdfcde.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 585307, "date": "2018-02-16", "retrieved": "2018-10-06T00:42:12.660532", "title": "Jordan: Background and U.S. Relations", "summary": "This report provides an overview of Jordanian politics and current issues in U.S.-Jordanian relations. It provides a brief discussion of Jordan\u2019s government and economy and of its cooperation with U.S. policies in the Middle East.\nSeveral issues are likely to figure in decisions by Congress and the Administration on future aid to and cooperation with Jordan. These include Jordan\u2019s continued involvement in attempting to promote Israeli-Palestinian peace and the stability of the Jordanian regime, particularly in light of ongoing conflicts in neighboring Syria and Iraq. U.S. officials may also consider potential threats to Jordan from the Islamic State organization (IS, also known as ISIL, ISIS, or the Arabic acronym Da\u2019esh).\nAlthough the United States and Jordan have never been linked by a formal treaty, they have cooperated on a number of regional and international issues over the years. Jordan\u2019s small size and lack of major economic resources have made it dependent on aid from Western and various Arab sources. U.S. support, in particular, has helped Jordan address serious vulnerabilities, both internal and external. Jordan\u2019s geographic position, wedged between Israel, Syria, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia, has made it vulnerable to the strategic designs of more powerful neighbors, but has also given Jordan an important role as a buffer between these countries in their largely adversarial relations with one another. \nThe United States has provided economic and military aid to Jordan since 1951 and 1957, respectively. Total bilateral U.S. aid (overseen by the Departments of State and Defense) to Jordan through FY2016 amounted to approximately $19.2 billion. \nOn February 14, 2018, U.S. Secretary of State Rex W. Tillerson and Jordanian Minister of Foreign Affairs Ayman Safadi signed a new Memorandum of Understanding (or MOU) on U.S. foreign assistance to Jordan. The MOU, the third such agreement between the United and Jordan, commits the United States to provide $1.275 billion per year in bilateral foreign assistance over a five-year period for a total of $6.375 billion (FY2018-FY2022). This latest MOU represents a 27% increase in the U.S. commitment to Jordan above the previous iteration and is the first five-year MOU with the kingdom. The previous two MOU agreements had been in effect for three years. In line with the new MOU, for FY2019 President Trump is requesting $1.271 billion for Jordan, including $910.8 million in ESF, $350 million in FMF, and $3.8 million in International Military Education and Training (IMET).", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL33546", "sha1": "749a9d93c808b91be28ffe4c46001337491e664b", "filename": "files/20180216_RL33546_749a9d93c808b91be28ffe4c46001337491e664b.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL33546_files&id=/4.png": "files/20180216_RL33546_images_bcebb03e9ed80bf80f26636b02379d4be5a1e6d1.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL33546_files&id=/0.png": "files/20180216_RL33546_images_d8f5e917c71c4bd5b499aca7cd8c63b6de6063f8.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL33546_files&id=/5.png": "files/20180216_RL33546_images_75b1828c6a194dd085e3cc8761b25ef123e6503e.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL33546_files&id=/1.png": "files/20180216_RL33546_images_bfb2049c06c512231b611e82f5239a9597c3f7db.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL33546_files&id=/2.png": "files/20180216_RL33546_images_7332629c5f8d9abc271ef671b19517ba78818415.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL33546_files&id=/3.png": "files/20180216_RL33546_images_950db3800e009ee82d5034da30f7d618ddb52e7c.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL33546", "sha1": "6a8840b49e40bc9aa54a2e531dd77ce7813a0c86", "filename": "files/20180216_RL33546_6a8840b49e40bc9aa54a2e531dd77ce7813a0c86.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 575576, "date": "2017-11-14", "retrieved": "2017-11-28T14:41:11.117691", "title": "Jordan: Background and U.S. Relations", "summary": "This report provides an overview of Jordanian politics and current issues in U.S.-Jordanian relations. It provides a brief discussion of Jordan\u2019s government and economy and of its cooperation with U.S. policies in the Middle East.\nSeveral issues are likely to figure in decisions by Congress and the Administration on future aid to and cooperation with Jordan. These include Jordan\u2019s continued involvement in attempting to promote Israeli-Palestinian peace and the stability of the Jordanian regime, particularly in light of ongoing conflicts in neighboring Syria and Iraq. U.S. officials may also consider potential threats to Jordan from the Islamic State organization (IS, also known as ISIL, ISIS, or the Arabic acronym Da\u2019esh).\nAlthough the United States and Jordan have never been linked by a formal treaty, they have cooperated on a number of regional and international issues over the years. Jordan\u2019s small size and lack of major economic resources have made it dependent on aid from Western and various Arab sources. U.S. support, in particular, has helped Jordan address serious vulnerabilities, both internal and external. Jordan\u2019s geographic position, wedged between Israel, Syria, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia, has made it vulnerable to the strategic designs of more powerful neighbors, but has also given Jordan an important role as a buffer between these countries in their largely adversarial relations with one another. \nThe United States has provided economic and military aid to Jordan since 1951 and 1957, respectively. Total bilateral U.S. aid (overseen by the Departments of State and Defense) to Jordan through FY2016 amounted to approximately $19.2 billion. \nP.L. 115-31, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2017, provides \u201cnot less than\u201d $1.279 billion in bilateral aid to Jordan from State and Foreign Operations accounts.\nIn May 2017, Representative Ileana Ros-Lehtinen introduced H.R. 2646, the United States-Jordan Defense Cooperation Extension Act. This bill would reauthorize the United States-Jordan Defense Cooperation Act of 2015 and authorize the establishment of a U.S.-Jordanian Enterprise Fund. \nAccording to President Trump\u2019s FY2018 budget request to Congress, the Administration is seeking $1 billion in total U.S. aid to Jordan, which is \u201cconsistent with the previous FY2015-FY2017 Memorandum of Understanding level of $1 billion per year.\u201d The FY2018 budget request also would continue FMF grant funding for Jordan, rather than converting FMF grants to loans.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL33546", "sha1": "1169d3be48e75bb4f117658ffdd7c27fed61dcd3", "filename": "files/20171114_RL33546_1169d3be48e75bb4f117658ffdd7c27fed61dcd3.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL33546_files&id=/0.png": "files/20171114_RL33546_images_d8f5e917c71c4bd5b499aca7cd8c63b6de6063f8.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL33546_files&id=/4.png": "files/20171114_RL33546_images_950db3800e009ee82d5034da30f7d618ddb52e7c.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL33546_files&id=/1.png": "files/20171114_RL33546_images_bfb2049c06c512231b611e82f5239a9597c3f7db.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL33546_files&id=/2.png": "files/20171114_RL33546_images_b285c2bbe386bc8fc8c8c541e5fd75519cd19f96.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL33546_files&id=/3.png": "files/20171114_RL33546_images_7332629c5f8d9abc271ef671b19517ba78818415.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL33546", "sha1": "e96081ec53d3f85979f35b56d67e29ee09b1e28d", "filename": "files/20171114_RL33546_e96081ec53d3f85979f35b56d67e29ee09b1e28d.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 461696, "date": "2017-06-01", "retrieved": "2017-06-07T15:30:48.673910", "title": "Jordan: Background and U.S. Relations", "summary": "This report provides an overview of Jordanian politics and current issues in U.S.-Jordanian relations. It provides a brief discussion of Jordan\u2019s government and economy and of its cooperation with U.S. policies in the Middle East.\nSeveral issues are likely to figure in decisions by Congress and the Administration on future aid to and cooperation with Jordan. These include Jordan\u2019s continued involvement in attempting to promote Israeli-Palestinian peace and the stability of the Jordanian regime, particularly in light of ongoing conflicts in neighboring Syria and Iraq. U.S. officials may also consider potential threats to Jordan from the Islamic State organization (IS, also known as ISIL, ISIS, or the Arabic acronym Da\u2019esh).\nAlthough the United States and Jordan have never been linked by a formal treaty, they have cooperated on a number of regional and international issues over the years. Jordan\u2019s small size and lack of major economic resources have made it dependent on aid from Western and various Arab sources. U.S. support, in particular, has helped Jordan address serious vulnerabilities, both internal and external. Jordan\u2019s geographic position, wedged between Israel, Syria, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia, has made it vulnerable to the strategic designs of more powerful neighbors, but has also given Jordan an important role as a buffer between these countries in their largely adversarial relations with one another. \nThe United States has provided economic and military aid to Jordan since 1951 and 1957, respectively. Total bilateral U.S. aid (overseen by State and DOD) to Jordan through FY2016 amounted to approximately $19.2 billion. \nP.L. 114-254, the Further Continuing and Security Assistance Appropriations Act, 2017, specifies that appropriations for ESF/OCO and FMF/OCO be provided to Jordan. The act did not specify exact dollar amounts for the kingdom.\nP.L. 115-31, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2017, provides \u201cnot less than\u201d $1.279 billion in bilateral aid to Jordan from State and Foreign Operations accounts.\nIn May 2017, Representative Ileana Ros-Lehtinen introduced H.R. 2646, the United States-Jordan Defense Cooperation Extension Act. This bill would reauthorize the United States-Jordan Defense Cooperation Act of 2015 and authorize the establishment of a U.S.-Jordanian Enterprise Fund. \nAccording to President Trump\u2019s FY2018 budget request to Congress, the Administration is seeking $1 billion in total U.S. aid to Jordan, which is \u201cconsistent with the previous FY2015-FY2017 Memorandum of Understanding level of $1 billion per year.\u201d The FY2018 budget request also would continue FMF grant funding for Jordan, rather than converting FMF grants to loans.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL33546", "sha1": "8547bb420d46c1a4ea3fd7360911fb46ca6bff1c", "filename": "files/20170601_RL33546_8547bb420d46c1a4ea3fd7360911fb46ca6bff1c.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL33546", "sha1": "bd3fba902e4f1ffaa325fcdbae4b07daaba7500a", "filename": "files/20170601_RL33546_bd3fba902e4f1ffaa325fcdbae4b07daaba7500a.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 458422, "date": "2017-01-25", "retrieved": "2017-02-03T19:12:41.392891", "title": "Jordan: Background and U.S. Relations", "summary": "This report provides an overview of Jordanian politics and current issues in U.S.-Jordanian relations. It provides a brief discussion of Jordan\u2019s government and economy and of its cooperation with U.S. policies in the Middle East.\nSeveral issues are likely to figure in decisions by Congress and the Administration on future aid to and cooperation with Jordan. These include Jordan\u2019s continued involvement in attempting to promote Israeli-Palestinian peace and the stability of the Jordanian regime, particularly in light of ongoing conflicts in neighboring Syria and Iraq. U.S. officials may also consider potential threats to Jordan from the Islamic State organization (IS, also known as ISIL, ISIS, or the Arabic acronym Da\u2019esh).\nAlthough the United States and Jordan have never been linked by a formal treaty, they have cooperated on a number of regional and international issues over the years. Jordan\u2019s small size and lack of major economic resources have made it dependent on aid from Western and various Arab sources. U.S. support, in particular, has helped Jordan address serious vulnerabilities, both internal and external. Jordan\u2019s geographic position, wedged between Israel, Syria, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia, has made it vulnerable to the strategic designs of more powerful neighbors, but has also given Jordan an important role as a buffer between these countries in their largely adversarial relations with one another. \nThe United States has provided economic and military aid to Jordan since 1951 and 1957, respectively. Total bilateral U.S. aid (overseen by State and USAID) to Jordan through FY2016 amounted to approximately $17.108 billion. With more U.S. aid to Jordan being channeled through the Defense Department\u2019s security assistance accounts, Jordan has received $774.6 million in additional military aid since FY2014.\nFor FY2017, H.R. 5912, the House version of the Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations bill, would have provided not less than $1.275 billion in total aid to Jordan, of which not less than $375 million would have been for budget support for the Government of Jordan. The Senate version (S. 3117) would have provided not less than $1 billion in total aid to Jordan.\nP.L. 114-254, the Further Continuing and Security Assistance Appropriations Act, 2017, specifies that appropriations for Economic Support Fund/Overseas Contingency Operations (ESF/OCO) and Foreign Military Financing/Overseas Contingency Operations (FMF/OCO) be provided to Jordan. The act did not specify exact dollar amounts for the kingdom.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL33546", "sha1": "1b4fdc0eb47595264114b32915c71a0762c63d3f", "filename": "files/20170125_RL33546_1b4fdc0eb47595264114b32915c71a0762c63d3f.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL33546", "sha1": "cb58f1e74a39c60d1601e341f9b5e34cd9042571", "filename": "files/20170125_RL33546_cb58f1e74a39c60d1601e341f9b5e34cd9042571.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 454552, "date": "2016-07-26", "retrieved": "2016-09-09T19:07:58.815483", "title": "Jordan: Background and U.S. Relations", "summary": "This report provides an overview of Jordanian politics and current issues in U.S.-Jordanian relations. It provides a brief discussion of Jordan\u2019s government and economy and of its cooperation with U.S. policy objectives in the Middle East.\nSeveral issues are likely to figure in decisions by Congress and the Administration on future aid to and cooperation with Jordan. These include Jordan\u2019s continued involvement in attempting to promote Israeli-Palestinian peace and the stability of the Jordanian regime, particularly in light of ongoing conflicts in neighboring Syria and Iraq. U.S. officials may also consider potential threats to Jordan from the Islamic State organization (also known as ISIS or ISIL).\nAlthough the United States and Jordan have never been linked by a formal treaty, they have cooperated on a number of regional and international issues over the years. Jordan\u2019s small size and lack of major economic resources have made it dependent on aid from Western and various Arab sources. U.S. support, in particular, has helped Jordan address serious vulnerabilities, both internal and external. Jordan\u2019s geographic position, wedged between Israel, Syria, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia, has made it vulnerable to the strategic designs of more powerful neighbors, but has also given Jordan an important role as a buffer between these countries in their largely adversarial relations with one another. \nThe United States has provided economic and military aid to Jordan since 1951 and 1957, respectively. Total bilateral U.S. aid (overseen by State & USAID) to Jordan through FY2016 amounted to approximately $17.108 billion. With more U.S. aid to Jordan being channeled through the Defense Department\u2019s security assistance accounts, Jordan has received $774.6 million in additional military aid since FY2014.\nFor FY2017, H.R. 5912, the House version of the Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations bill, would provide not less than $1.275 billion in total aid to Jordan, of which not less than $375 million shall be for budget support for the Government of Jordan. The Senate version (S. 3117) would provide not less than $1 billion in total aid to Jordan.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL33546", "sha1": "688fd422ae9efedd0b825b0b07de649ca37f87c5", "filename": "files/20160726_RL33546_688fd422ae9efedd0b825b0b07de649ca37f87c5.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL33546", "sha1": "c35ef484bacd6e2ce14408346c1ec384919b7f9c", "filename": "files/20160726_RL33546_c35ef484bacd6e2ce14408346c1ec384919b7f9c.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 282, "name": "Middle East and North Africa" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 449151, "date": "2016-01-27", "retrieved": "2016-04-06T17:24:30.622909", "title": "Jordan: Background and U.S. Relations", "summary": "This report provides an overview of Jordanian politics and current issues in U.S.-Jordanian relations. It provides a brief discussion of Jordan\u2019s government and economy and of its cooperation with U.S. policy objectives in the Middle East.\nSeveral issues are likely to figure in decisions by Congress and the Administration on future aid to and cooperation with Jordan. These include Jordan\u2019s continued involvement in attempting to promote Israeli-Palestinian peace and the stability of the Jordanian regime, particularly in light of ongoing conflicts in neighboring Syria and Iraq. U.S. officials may also consider potential threats to Jordan from the Islamic State organization (also known as ISIS or ISIL).\nAlthough the United States and Jordan have never been linked by a formal treaty, they have cooperated on a number of regional and international issues over the years. Jordan\u2019s small size and lack of major economic resources have made it dependent on aid from Western and various Arab sources. U.S. support, in particular, has helped Jordan address serious vulnerabilities, both internal and external. Jordan\u2019s geographic position, wedged between Israel, Syria, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia, has made it vulnerable to the strategic designs of more powerful neighbors, but has also given Jordan an important role as a buffer between these countries in their largely adversarial relations with one another. \nThe United States has provided Jordan with economic and military aid since 1951 and 1957, respectively. Total U.S. aid to Jordan through FY2015 amounted to approximately $15.83 billion. On February 3, 2015, the Obama Administration and the Jordanian government signed a nonbinding, three-year memorandum of understanding (MOU), in which the United States pledges to provide the kingdom with $1 billion annually in total U.S. foreign assistance, subject to the approval of Congress, from FY2015 through FY2017.\nIn order to bolster Jordan\u2019s economy and military capability, the Administration and Congress have provided significant amounts of foreign assistance to the kingdom in recent months. P.L. 114-113, the FY2016 Omnibus Appropriations Act, provides \u201cnot less than\u201d $1.275 billion in bilateral economic and military aid for Jordan. The act also authorizes the use of Defense Department-wide funding (Operations & Maintenance) for Jordan to increase or sustain security along its borders. 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It provides a brief discussion of Jordan's government and economy and of its cooperation with U.S. policy objectives in the Middle East, including the promotion of Arab- Israeli peace.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20141202_RL33546_c47e50a8d8224f9f326198de075c389443e95d88.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20141202_RL33546_c47e50a8d8224f9f326198de075c389443e95d88.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Jordan", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Jordan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- Jordan -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- Jordan -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government -- Jordan", "name": "Politics and government -- Jordan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "American economic assistance -- Jordan", "name": "American economic assistance -- Jordan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign aid", "name": "Foreign aid" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc306476/", "id": "RL33546_2014May08", "date": "2014-05-08", "retrieved": "2014-07-08T21:53:44", "title": "Jordan: Background and U.S. Relations", "summary": "This report provides an overview of Jordanian politics and current issues in U.S.-Jordanian relations. 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