{
  "id": "RL33557",
  "type": "CRS Report",
  "typeId": "REPORT",
  "number": "RL33557",
  "active": false,
  "source": "Federation of American Scientists, EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
  "versions": [
    {
      "source": "Federation of American Scientists",
      "sourceLink": "https://sgp.fas.org/crs/",
      "id": "RL33557_FAS",
      "date": "2008-01-24",
      "retrieved": "2016-10-20T23:29:46",
      "title": "Peacekeeping and Related Stability Operations:  Issues of U.S. Military Involvement",
      "summary": null,
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    {
      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 343479,
      "date": "2007-01-24",
      "retrieved": "2016-04-07T18:27:57.521029",
      "title": "Peacekeeping and Related Stability Operations: Issues of U.S. Military Involvement",
      "summary": "The 110th Congress may well face several decisions regarding the preparation of U.S. military forces for stability missions, a major subset of which is peace operations. A November 28, 2005, Department of Defense (DOD) directive that designates stability operations as \u201ccore missions\u201d of the U.S. military marks a major shift in attitudes regarding peacekeeping and related stability operations (also known as stabilization and reconstruction operations). Since then, DOD has worked to define specific changes that must be made to better accomplish such missions, some of which the U.S. military could implement on its own, while others would require Congressional approval.\nFor well over a decade, some Members of Congress expressed reservations about U.S. military involvement in peacekeeping operations. The Bush Administration initially opposed such missions and took steps to reduce the commitment of U.S. troops to international peacekeeping. This action reflected a major concern of the 1990s: that peacekeeping duties had overtaxed the shrinking U.S. military force and were detrimental to military \u201creadiness\u201d (i.e., the ability of U.S. troops to defend the nation). Many perceived these tasks as an inefficient use of U.S. forces, better left to other nations while the U.S. military concentrated on operations requiring high-intensity combat skills. Others thought that the United States should adjust force size and structure to accommodate the missions.\nThe events of September 11, 2001, brought new concerns to the fore and highlighted the value to U.S. national security of ensuring stability around the world. The 9/11 Commission report, which cited Afghanistan as a sanctuary for terrorists, pointed to the dangers of allowing actual and potential terrorist sanctuaries to exist. In 2003, the U.S.-led occupation of Iraq, often referred to as a \u201cstabilization and reconstruction\u201d operation (which manifests some characteristics of a peace operation), reinforced the argument.\nThousands of U.S. military personnel currently serve in or support peacekeeping operations, although the number of troops serving in U.N. operations has decreased dramatically since the mid-1990s to some 26 in five operations under U.N. control. In the Balkans, some 1,700 U.S. troops serve with the NATO Kosova Force (KFOR). About 35,000 more serve in or support peacekeeping operations in South Korea, and roughly 700 serve in the Sinai. In Iraq and Afghanistan, U.S. troops are involved in a variety of stability tasks, including \u201cnation-building\u201d activities that have been undertaken in some peacekeeping operations as well as combat operations.\nA major issue Congress continues to face is what, if any, adjustments should be made in order for the U.S. military to perform peacekeeping and stability missions\u2014in Afghanistan, Iraq, or elsewhere\u2014with less strain on the force, particularly the reserves. Of particular interest is whether the size and configuration of U.S. forces, especially the Army, should be further modified. Additional issues are whether to augment civilian and international capabilities in order to take on more of the burden.",
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    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9855/",
      "id": "RL33557 2006-07-13",
      "date": "2006-07-13",
      "retrieved": "2007-06-12T15:30:40",
      "title": "Peacekeeping and Related Stability Operations: Issues of U.S. Military Involvement",
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      "topics": [
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          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Defense policy",
          "name": "Defense policy"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Peacekeeping forces - U.S.",
          "name": "Peacekeeping forces - U.S."
        },
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          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Congress",
          "name": "Congress"
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  "topics": [
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    "Intelligence and National Security",
    "National Defense"
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}