{ "id": "RL33863", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "number": "RL33863", "active": true, "source": "EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "versions": [ { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 437679, "date": "2015-01-20", "retrieved": "2016-04-06T19:38:56.032369", "title": "Unauthorized Alien Students: Issues and \u201cDREAM Act\u201d Legislation", "summary": "Immigration reform has been hotly debated in recent years. Broadly construed, it encompasses a range of issues, including the highly controversial question of legalizing large numbers of unauthorized immigrants in the United States. A historically less controversial, more targeted legalization proposal has been included in \u201cDREAM Act\u201d legislation, which seeks to enable certain unauthorized aliens who entered the United States as children to obtain legal immigration status. The name DREAM Act derives from the bill title, Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors Act, but it refers more broadly to a class of measures to provide immigration relief to unauthorized students, whether or not particular bills carry that name. \nUnauthorized aliens in the United States are able to receive free public education through high school. They may experience difficulty obtaining higher education, however, for several reasons. Among these reasons is a provision enacted in 1996 that places restrictions on state provision of certain postsecondary educational benefits on the basis of state residence to aliens who are unlawfully present in the United States, unless equal benefits are made available to all U.S. citizens. This language is commonly understood to apply to the granting of \u201cin-state\u201d residency status for tuition purposes. In addition, unauthorized alien students are not eligible for federal student financial aid. More broadly, as unauthorized aliens, they typically are not legally allowed to work and are subject to being removed from the country.\nMultiple DREAM Act bills have been introduced in recent Congresses to address the unauthorized student population. Most have proposed a two-prong approach of repealing the 1996 provision and enabling some unauthorized alien students to become U.S. lawful permanent residents (LPRs) through an immigration procedure known as cancellation of removal. While there are other options for dealing with this population, this report deals exclusively with the DREAM Act approach in light of the considerable congressional interest in it.\nIn the 111th Congress, the House approved DREAM Act language as part of an unrelated bill, the Removal Clarification Act of 2010 (H.R. 5281). The Senate, however, failed to invoke cloture on a motion to agree to the House-passed DREAM Act amendment, and the bill died at the end of the Congress. The House-approved language differed in key respects from earlier versions of the DREAM Act. Bills to legalize the status of unauthorized alien students were again introduced in the 112th Congress.\nIn 2012, in the absence of congressional action on DREAM Act legislation, the Obama Administration announced that certain individuals who entered the United States as children and meet other criteria would be considered for relief from removal. Under a Department of Homeland Security (DHS) memorandum, these individuals can apply for consideration of deferred action for childhood arrivals (or DACA, as the program is known) and for employment authorization.\nDREAM Act language was considered in the 113th Congress as part of comprehensive immigration reform legislation. The Senate-passed Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act (S. 744) included DREAM Act provisions. The same DREAM Act language was included in a related bill with the same name introduced in the House (H.R. 15). The DREAM Act provisions were integrated with the broader legalization provisions in these bills. As of this writing, no DREAM Act bills have been introduced in the 114th Congress.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL33863", "sha1": "910093e14db3fd823becdcb15dbe9f6bac9bd2f4", "filename": "files/20150120_RL33863_910093e14db3fd823becdcb15dbe9f6bac9bd2f4.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL33863", "sha1": "1971a9bbe615665b6ffd96d271d6c6fbe2edd307", "filename": "files/20150120_RL33863_1971a9bbe615665b6ffd96d271d6c6fbe2edd307.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 479, "name": "Postsecondary Education" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 676, "name": "Immigration Policy" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc805530/", "id": "RL33863_2013Feb27", "date": "2013-02-27", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Unauthorized Alien Students: Issues and \u201cDREAM Act\u201d Legislation", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20130227_RL33863_3a0ca16676d8b1eb5a3d4defe857eb0438fe7f08.pdf" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc94097/", "id": "RL33863_2012Jun19", "date": "2012-06-19", "retrieved": "2012-07-24T12:39:36", "title": "Unauthorized Alien Students: Issues and \u201cDREAM Act\u201d Legislation", "summary": "This report looks at the background and history of recent \"DREAM Act\"s, which address the status of unauthorized alien students. It pays special attention to the June 15, 2012 announcement that come individuals who were brought into the U.S. as children and meet other requirements would be eligible for deferred action for two years.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20120619_RL33863_fe8f75751219ca34a8ccd130d39682226667c37a.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20120619_RL33863_fe8f75751219ca34a8ccd130d39682226667c37a.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Immigration", "name": "Immigration" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Immigration law", "name": "Immigration law" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Immigration policy", "name": "Immigration policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Elementary and secondary education", "name": "Elementary and secondary education" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Higher education", "name": "Higher education" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign students", "name": "Foreign students" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Aliens", "name": "Aliens" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc86657/", "id": "RL33863_2012Mar21", "date": "2012-03-21", "retrieved": "2012-06-15T10:07:48", "title": "Unauthorized Alien Students: Issues and \"DREAM Act\" Legislation", "summary": "The 109th and 110th Congresses considered, but did not enact, comprehensive immigration reform legislation that included large-scale legalization programs for unauthorized aliens. In the aftermath of these unsuccessful efforts, some interested parties have urged the President and Congress to pursue more limited legislation to address the status of unauthorized alien students. Such legislation is commonly referred to as the \"DREAM Act.\"", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20120321_RL33863_41cea11b1b82f355a6343eee8b5ba75ae5360625.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20120321_RL33863_41cea11b1b82f355a6343eee8b5ba75ae5360625.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Immigration", "name": "Immigration" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Immigration law", "name": "Immigration law" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Immigration policy", "name": "Immigration policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Elementary and secondary education", "name": "Elementary and secondary education" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Higher education", "name": "Higher education" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign students", "name": "Foreign students" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Aliens", "name": "Aliens" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc99101/", "id": "RL33863_2011Mar22", "date": "2011-03-22", "retrieved": "2012-08-31T21:48:36", "title": "Unauthorized Alien Students: Issues and \u201cDREAM Act\u201d Legislation", "summary": "This report discusses the \"DREAM Act\", a measure to enable certain unauthorized alien students to legalize their status, as well as related issues.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20110322_RL33863_de42bc141cf5132488e7954f7d70f9c4960b1cc2.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20110322_RL33863_de42bc141cf5132488e7954f7d70f9c4960b1cc2.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Immigration", "name": "Immigration" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Immigration law", "name": "Immigration law" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Immigration policy", "name": "Immigration policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Elementary and secondary education", "name": "Elementary and secondary education" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Higher education", "name": "Higher education" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign students", "name": "Foreign students" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Aliens", "name": "Aliens" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc491063/", "id": "RL33863_2010Dec14", "date": "2010-12-14", "retrieved": "2015-01-27T19:40:46", "title": "Unauthorized Alien Students: Issues and \"DREAM Act\" Legislation", "summary": "In recent years, multiple bills have been introduced in Congress to provide relief to unauthorized alien students. In most cases, these bills have proposed to repeal the 1996 provision and enable certain unauthorized alien students to adjust to legal permanent resident (LPR) status in the United States. These bills have often been entitled the Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors Act, or the DREAM Act. This report discusses the background and debate surrounding \"Dream Act\" legislation in the 110th and 111th Congress.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20101214_RL33863_495909a597cfc1af3136879c8151bc7c8b0ebd8f.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20101214_RL33863_495909a597cfc1af3136879c8151bc7c8b0ebd8f.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Immigration", "name": "Immigration" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Immigration law", "name": "Immigration law" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Immigration policy", "name": "Immigration policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Elementary and secondary education", "name": "Elementary and secondary education" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Higher education", "name": "Higher education" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign students", "name": "Foreign students" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc31423/", "id": "RL33863_2010Dec01", "date": "2010-12-01", "retrieved": "2011-03-09T09:26:47", "title": "Unauthorized Alien Students: Issues and \"DREAM Act\" Legislation", "summary": "Supporters of comprehensive immigration reform have urged the President and Congress to pursue reform legislation. While legislative action on comprehensive reform does not appear likely during the remainder of the 111th Congress, there may be an effort to enact a measure, commonly referred to as the \"DREAM Act,\" to enable certain unauthorized alien students to legalize their status. This report discusses the DREAM act and related issues.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20101201_RL33863_5e4d7472a0bf2c52ed16ca98b27bde986e0abc47.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20101201_RL33863_5e4d7472a0bf2c52ed16ca98b27bde986e0abc47.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Immigration", "name": "Immigration" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Immigration law", "name": "Immigration law" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Immigration policy", "name": "Immigration policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Elementary and secondary education", "name": "Elementary and secondary education" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Higher education", "name": "Higher education" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign students", "name": "Foreign students" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Aliens", "name": "Aliens" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc29690/", "id": "RL33863_2010Oct27", "date": "2010-10-27", "retrieved": "2010-12-04T14:26:25", "title": "Unauthorized Alien Students: Issues and \"DREAM Act\" Legislation", "summary": "Supporters of comprehensive immigration reform have urged the President and Congress to pursue reform legislation. While legislative action on comprehensive reform does not appear likely during the remainder of the 111th Congress, there may be an effort to enact a measure, commonly referred to as the \"DREAM Act,\" to enable certain unauthorized alien students to legalize their status. This report discusses the DREAM act and related issues.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20101027_RL33863_d46db3a59cf585f2e8bf76b775218905580d0aa1.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20101027_RL33863_d46db3a59cf585f2e8bf76b775218905580d0aa1.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Immigration", "name": "Immigration" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Immigration law", "name": "Immigration law" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Immigration policy", "name": "Immigration policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Elementary and secondary education", "name": "Elementary and secondary education" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Higher education", "name": "Higher education" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign students", "name": "Foreign students" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Aliens", "name": "Aliens" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc29691/", "id": "RL33863_2010Sep22", "date": "2010-09-22", "retrieved": "2010-12-04T14:26:25", "title": "Unauthorized Alien Students: Issues and \"DREAM Act\" Legislation", "summary": "Supporters of comprehensive immigration reform have urged the President and Congress to pursue reform legislation. While legislative action on comprehensive reform does not appear likely during the remainder of the 111th Congress, there may be an effort to enact a measure, commonly referred to as the \"DREAM Act,\" to enable certain unauthorized alien students to legalize their status. Multiple bills have been introduced in recent Congresses to address the unauthorized student population. This report discusses the DREAM Act, the topic of unauthorized alien students in general, and other related legislation.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20100922_RL33863_e3ec1e219ee0c0b49241c5c03345f92dfb128b81.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20100922_RL33863_e3ec1e219ee0c0b49241c5c03345f92dfb128b81.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Immigration", "name": "Immigration" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Aliens", "name": "Aliens" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Higher education", "name": "Higher education" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign students", "name": "Foreign students" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Immigration policy", "name": "Immigration policy" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc805207/", "id": "RL33863_2010Feb03", "date": "2010-02-03", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Unauthorized Alien Students: Issues and \u201cDREAM Act\u201d Legislation", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20100203_RL33863_c1c8a6de144352414afa5ba61b5a260fbdc7bdd5.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20100203_RL33863_c1c8a6de144352414afa5ba61b5a260fbdc7bdd5.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc795689/", "id": "RL33863_2009Jan08", "date": "2008-01-08", "retrieved": "2016-01-13T14:26:20", "title": "Unauthorized Alien Students: Issues and \"DREAM Act\" Legislation", "summary": "Multiple bills have been introduced in recent Congresses to address the unauthorized student population. While there are other options for dealing with this population, this report deals exclusively with the DREAM Act approach of proposing relief for unauthorized students in light of the widespread congressional interest in it.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20080108_RL33863_596e6038d3fd7d7160d50ec2f63c4963779ecea8.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20080108_RL33863_596e6038d3fd7d7160d50ec2f63c4963779ecea8.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Immigration", "name": "Immigration" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Aliens", "name": "Aliens" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Higher education", "name": "Higher education" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign students", "name": "Foreign students" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Immigration policy", "name": "Immigration policy" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc821856/", "id": "RL33863_2007Jan30", "date": "2007-01-30", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Unauthorized Alien Students: Issues and \u201cDREAM Act\u201d Legislation", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20070130_RL33863_a522b6d164b7e0e7796910ce35e650e0894d7c21.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20070130_RL33863_a522b6d164b7e0e7796910ce35e650e0894d7c21.html" } ], "topics": [] } ], "topics": [ "Immigration Policy" ] }