{
  "id": "RL33957",
  "type": "CRS Report",
  "typeId": "REPORTS",
  "number": "RL33957",
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  "source": "EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
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      "id": 341361,
      "date": "2007-06-20",
      "retrieved": "2016-04-07T18:03:07.777029",
      "title": "Elections in France, 2007",
      "summary": "On May 6, 2007, the Gaullist Nicolas Sarkozy defeated the Socialist candidate S\u00e9gol\u00e8ne Royal in the second round of the French elections to become President of France. He will serve a five-year term. His party lost seats but maintained a solid majority in subsequent legislative elections.\nSince 1981, France has had only two presidents. There is a sense of malaise in the country, in part due to high unemployment and slow economic growth. Sarkozy represents a younger generation of leaders.\nSarkozy casts himself as a tough-minded former Interior Minister. His campaign built on his reputation as hard on illegal immigration and insistent on greater efforts by the country\u2019s large Muslim community to better integrate itself into French life.\nRoyal pursued a campaign meant to place her directly in touch with French voters. In doing so, she circumvented some of the steps normally necessary to gain the Socialist Party nomination. This campaign strategy put her at odds with some of the Party elders. She gambled that her campaign of \u201cparticipatory democracy\u201d would appeal to a range of voters beyond the Socialist Party. In the end, she failed to deliver a clear message to French voters and to unite her own party.\nForeign policy played a secondary role in the elections. Sarkozy and Royal stressed the growing danger of Iran. Both candidates supported French participation in U.N., NATO, and EU security and stabilization missions, but there were disagreements with the United States over some elements of NATO\u2019s mission and future. Both candidates supported the EU, but neither brought to EU issues the passion of previous post-war French leaders.\nSarkozy presents himself as a friend of the United States and an admirer of American culture but added that France under his leadership would assert its usual independence. Royal was sharply critical of the Bush Administration and contended that U.S. \u201cunilateralism\u201d in recent years has damaged bilateral relations and increased instability in the Middle East.\nIt is possible that Sarkozy will pursue a practical and non-ideological posture towards the United States. He is unlikely to alter the U.S.-French relationship in a stark manner. Cooperation over counterterrorism measures, multinational operations in Lebanon, the Balkans, and Afghanistan, and good trade relations are likely to continue.\nThis report will be updated to reflect the outcome of the presidential and legislative elections. See also CRS Report RL32464, France: Factors Shaping Foreign Policy, and Issues in U.S.-French Relations, by Paul Gallis.",
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    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc806281/",
      "id": "RL33957_2007Apr11",
      "date": "2007-04-11",
      "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26",
      "title": "Elections in France, 2007",
      "summary": null,
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  "topics": [
    "Foreign Affairs",
    "Intelligence and National Security",
    "National Defense"
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