{
  "id": "RL34051",
  "type": "CRS Report",
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      "date": "2010-04-26",
      "retrieved": "2016-04-06T22:17:45.033174",
      "title": "Long-Range Ballistic Missile Defense in Europe",
      "summary": "In early 2007, after several years of internal discussions and consultations with Poland and the Czech Republic, the Bush Administration formally proposed to defend against an Iranian missile threat by deploying a ground-based mid-course defense (GMD) element in Europe as part of the global U.S. BMDS (Ballistic Missile Defense System). The system would have included 10 interceptors in Poland, a radar in the Czech Republic, and another radar that would have been deployed in a country closer to Iran, to be completed by 2013 at a reported cost of at least $4 billion. The proposed European BMD capability raised a number of foreign policy challenges in Europe and with Russia. The United States negotiated and signed agreements with Poland and the Czech Republic, but for a number of reasons those agreements were not ratified by the end of the Bush Administration.\nOn September 17, 2009, the Obama Administration announced it would cancel the Bush-proposed European BMD program. Instead, Defense Secretary Gates announced U.S. plans to develop and deploy a regional BMD capability in Europe that could be surged on relatively short notice during crises or as the situation may demand. Gates argued this new capability in the near-term would be based on expanding existing BMD sensors and interceptors. Gates argued this new Phased Adaptive Approach (PAA) would be more responsive and adaptable to the pace and direction of Iranian short- and medium-range ballistic missile proliferation. This capability would continue to evolve and expand over the next decade to include BMD capabilities against medium- and long-range Iranian ballistic missiles.\nThe Polish and Romanian governments have signaled their willingness to host facilities for the new system. However, Russia, though initially positive over the abandonment of the Bush Administration\u2019s BMD plan, soon found reasons to object to the Obama Administration\u2019s alternative. \nAlthough the terms of the debate over the Bush-proposed European BMD capability have changed significantly in the wake of President Obama\u2019s decision, this report will be retained for historical purposes to include background information and analysis through the Obama Administration\u2019s decision to cancel it. It will not be updated.",
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          "name": "Conventional Weapons and Military Equipment"
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      "id": "RL34051_2009Sep23",
      "date": "2009-09-23",
      "retrieved": "2015-03-30T22:03:27",
      "title": "Long-Range Ballistic Missile Defense in Europe",
      "summary": "In early 2007, after several years of internal discussions and consultations with Poland and the Czech Republic, the Bush Administration formally proposed to defend against an Iranian missile threat by deploying a ground-based mid-course defense (GMD) element in Europe as part of the global U.S. BMDS (Ballistic Missile Defense System). The system would have included 10 interceptors in Poland, a radar in the Czech Republic, and another radar that would have been deployed in a country closer to Iran, to be completed by 2013 at a reported cost of at least $4 billion. This report is designed to retain background information and analysis of the Bush-proposed European BMD initiative up to the Obama Administration's decision to cancel it.",
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          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Defense policy",
          "name": "Defense policy"
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        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Ballistic missile defenses",
          "name": "Ballistic missile defenses"
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          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Weapons systems",
          "name": "Weapons systems"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Nuclear weapons",
          "name": "Nuclear weapons"
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          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Arms race",
          "name": "Arms race"
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          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Arms control",
          "name": "Arms control"
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          "id": "Defense economics",
          "name": "Defense economics"
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          "id": "Defense budgets",
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      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc26261/",
      "id": "RL34051_2009Jun22",
      "date": "2009-06-22",
      "retrieved": "2010-07-07T17:39:19",
      "title": "Long-Range Ballistic Missile Defense in Europe",
      "summary": "Successive U.S. governments have urged the creation of an anti-missile system to protect against long-range ballistic missile threats from adversary states. The Bush Administration proposed deploying a ground-based mid-course defense (GMD) element of the larger Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS) in Europe to defend against an Iranian missile threat. The proposed U.S. system has encountered resistance in some European countries and beyond. The GMD plan has also affected U.S.-Russia relations. Former President Putin and his successor, Vladimir Medvedev, have argued that the proposal would reignite the arms race and upset U.S.-Russian-European security relations. This report discusses these issues, as well as the pending related budget requests.",
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          "id": "Defense policy",
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      "id": "RL34051_2009May05",
      "date": "2009-05-05",
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          "id": "Ballistic missile defenses",
          "name": "Ballistic missile defenses"
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          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Nuclear weapons",
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      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc700902/",
      "id": "RL34051_2009Jan21",
      "date": "2009-01-21",
      "retrieved": "2015-08-27T16:20:31",
      "title": "Long-Range Ballistic Missile Defense in Europe",
      "summary": "This report discusses how successive U.S. governments have urged the creation of an anti-missile system to protect against long-range ballistic missile threats from adversary states. The proposed U.S. system has encountered resistance in some European countries and beyond.",
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      "id": "RL34051_2008Sep03",
      "date": "2008-09-03",
      "retrieved": "2016-01-13T14:26:20",
      "title": "Long-Range Ballistic Missile Defense in Europe",
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}