{ "id": "RL34074", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "RL", "number": "RL34074", "active": true, "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov, EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "versions": [ { "source_dir": "crsreports.congress.gov", "title": "The Palestinians: Background and U.S. Relations", "retrieved": "2022-11-30T04:03:33.491574", "id": "RL34074_54_2022-10-27", "formats": [ { "filename": "files/2022-10-27_RL34074_d1c70617000bb89768c0a3a8f8eaf713c331bf0d.pdf", "format": "PDF", "url": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/RL/RL34074/54", "sha1": "d1c70617000bb89768c0a3a8f8eaf713c331bf0d" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/2022-10-27_RL34074_d1c70617000bb89768c0a3a8f8eaf713c331bf0d.html" } ], "date": "2022-10-27", "summary": null, "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov", "typeId": "RL", "active": true, "sourceLink": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/details?prodcode=RL34074", "type": "CRS Report" }, { "source_dir": "crsreports.congress.gov", "title": "The Palestinians: Background and U.S. Relations", "retrieved": "2022-11-30T04:03:33.490159", "id": "RL34074_52_2021-10-26", "formats": [ { "filename": "files/2021-10-26_RL34074_3395dbed60dc72867e821c9745cb9c1f7fc828cd.pdf", "format": "PDF", "url": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/RL/RL34074/52", "sha1": "3395dbed60dc72867e821c9745cb9c1f7fc828cd" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/2021-10-26_RL34074_3395dbed60dc72867e821c9745cb9c1f7fc828cd.html" } ], "date": "2021-10-26", "summary": null, "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov", "typeId": "RL", "active": true, "sourceLink": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/details?prodcode=RL34074", "type": "CRS Report" }, { "source_dir": "crsreports.congress.gov", "title": "The Palestinians: Background and U.S. Relations", "retrieved": "2022-11-30T04:03:33.487444", "id": "RL34074_48_2021-03-18", "formats": [ { "filename": "files/2021-03-18_RL34074_d1dc35814a00cb5b74c3dbb305173d2869ecf062.pdf", "format": "PDF", "url": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/RL/RL34074/48", "sha1": "d1dc35814a00cb5b74c3dbb305173d2869ecf062" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/2021-03-18_RL34074_d1dc35814a00cb5b74c3dbb305173d2869ecf062.html" } ], "date": "2021-03-18", "summary": null, "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov", "typeId": "RL", "active": true, "sourceLink": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/details?prodcode=RL34074", "type": "CRS Report" }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 587889, "date": "2018-11-21", "retrieved": "2019-12-20T20:35:00.196867", "title": "The Palestinians: Background and U.S. Relations", "summary": "The Palestinians are an Arab people whose origins are in present-day Israel, the West Bank, and the Gaza Strip. Congress pays close attention\u2014through legislation and oversight\u2014to the Palestinians\u2019 ongoing conflict with Israel. \nThe current structure of Palestinian governing entities dates to 1994. In that year, Israel agreed with the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) to permit a Palestinian Authority (PA) to exercise limited rule over Gaza and specified areas of the West Bank, subject to overarching Israeli military administration that dates back to the 1967 Arab-Israeli War.\nAfter the PA\u2019s establishment, U.S. policy toward the Palestinians focused on encouraging a peaceful resolution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, countering Palestinian terrorist groups, and aiding Palestinian goals on governance and economic development. Since then, Congress has committed more than $5 billion in bilateral aid to the Palestinians, who rely heavily on external donor assistance. \nUnder the Trump Administration, U.S. policy toward the Palestinians has shifted. In 2018, the Administration significantly cut U.S. funding for the Palestinians, closed the PLO\u2019s representative office in Washington, DC, and merged the U.S. consulate general in Jerusalem (which had dealt independently with the Palestinians for decades) into a single diplomatic mission with the U.S. embassy to Israel. \nSome of these moves relate to an increase in U.S.-Palestinian tensions stemming from the Administration\u2019s recognition of Jerusalem as Israel\u2019s capital (in December 2017) and transfer of the U.S. embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem (in May 2018). In response to the Administration\u2019s policy changes on Jerusalem, PLO Chairman and PA President Mahmoud Abbas has broken off high-level political contacts with the Administration, and the Administration reportedly is seeking leverage to persuade Abbas to renew bilateral discussions. Meanwhile, the PLO has filed suit in 2018 to have the International Court of Justice order the United States to remove its embassy from Jerusalem.\nEven before tensions increased under the Trump Administration, lack of progress toward peace with Israel had led the PLO to advocate the Palestinian cause in international fora. The Palestinians obtained membership in the U.N. Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in 2011, and a 2012 resolution in the U.N. General Assembly identified \u201cPalestine\u201d as a \u201cnon-member state.\u201d Palestinians also have applied international legal pressure on Israel. The Palestinians acceded to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) in April 2015, and the ICC could conceivably investigate Israeli, Palestinian, or other individuals for alleged crimes committed in the West Bank and Gaza.\nConducting relations with the Palestinians has presented challenges for several Administrations and Congresses. The United States has historically sought to bolster PA President Abbas vis-\u00e0-vis Hamas (a U.S.-designated Foreign Terrorist Organization supported in part by Iran). Since 2007, Hamas has had de facto control over Gaza. The Abbas-led PA still exercises limited self-rule over specified areas of the West Bank. Given Abbas\u2019s age (he was born in 1935) and questions regarding his health, observers speculate about who will succeed him and about the implications for the current situation of divided rule in the West Bank and Gaza. \nGaza also presents a dilemma. Severe humanitarian and economic problems persist there, and it is a small, population-dense territory that has been the site of three major conflicts between Palestinian militants and Israel over the past decade (2008-2009, 2012, and 2014). Israel and Egypt maintain tight control over access to and from Gaza. They seem reluctant to significantly open Gaza\u2019s borders because of concerns about bolstering Hamas. Fatah and Hamas have agreed in principle numerous times to reinstate unified PA rule over the West Bank and Gaza, but Abbas has maintained that he will not accept responsibility in Gaza if Hamas\u2019s militia remains intact. Hamas and other Palestinian militants have turned to a range of violent actions, seeking an arrangement in which Israel eases restrictions on access to and from Gaza in exchange for a long-term cease-fire. Hamas provocations and Israeli military operations both carry a risk of escalating into wider conflict, even if both sides would prefer to avoid that outcome.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL34074", "sha1": "c55457b66f41914a6f1609fb2d1f63509d218984", "filename": "files/20181121_RL34074_c55457b66f41914a6f1609fb2d1f63509d218984.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL34074_files&id=/1.png": "files/20181121_RL34074_images_11dda5d7f02c5041aa2915cb51c7c0dac9849f34.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL34074_files&id=/2.png": "files/20181121_RL34074_images_46ac191eb0b5a68dec27830cf3a7fb8b35a62ea8.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL34074_files&id=/0.png": "files/20181121_RL34074_images_0b0fea640c86e4aea5f90f7217ff4b537f070210.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL34074", "sha1": "c00a2139dddff5c1008791da7369fd097d7e0b96", "filename": "files/20181121_RL34074_c00a2139dddff5c1008791da7369fd097d7e0b96.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 579853, "date": "2017-10-17", "retrieved": "2018-05-10T12:20:43.548085", "title": "The Palestinians: Background and U.S. Relations", "summary": "This report covers current issues in U.S.-Palestinian relations. It also contains an overview of Palestinian society and politics, along with descriptions of key Palestinian individuals and groups \u2014chiefly the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), the Palestinian Authority (PA), Fatah, Hamas (a U.S.-designated Foreign Terrorist Organization), and the Palestinian refugee population. The \u201cPalestinian question\u201d is important not only to Palestinians, Israelis, and their Arab state neighbors, but to many countries and nonstate actors in the region and around the world\u2014including the United States\u2014for a variety of religious, cultural, and political reasons. U.S. policy toward the Palestinians is marked by efforts to negotiate a peaceful resolution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict; counter Palestinian terrorist groups; and establish norms of democracy, accountability, and good governance. Since the signing of the Oslo Accord in 1993, Congress has committed more than $5 billion in bilateral assistance to the Palestinians. \nLack of progress on a nearly-25-year-old U.S.-supported peace process with Israel has led the PLO to consider alternative pathways toward a Palestinian state. Such alternatives were initially intended to obtain more widespread international recognition of Palestinian statehood in the West Bank (including East Jerusalem) and the Gaza Strip. A November 2012 resolution in the U.N. General Assembly identified \u201cPalestine\u201d as a \u201cnon-member state.\u201d Palestinians also have encouraged international legal and economic pressure on Israel, perhaps to improve their negotiating position. The Palestinians acceded to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) in April 2015, and the ICC could conceivably investigate Israeli, Palestinian, or other individuals for alleged crimes committed in the West Bank and Gaza.\nPalestinian leaders have expressed openness to exploring the Trump Administration\u2019s proclaimed desire to broker an Israeli-Palestinian peace agreement. But Palestinian leaders are reportedly concerned about possible U.S. favoritism of Israel and perceived gaps between the Trump Administration\u2019s rhetoric and its willingness to help renew Israeli-Palestinian negotiations. Administration officials, as part of larger efforts to stop Palestinian incitement to violence, have called upon PA and PLO leaders to cease payments to those who have committed terrorist acts and their family members. Congress has already reduced U.S. economic aid to Palestinians as a result of these payments, and is considering suspending major portions of this aid unless the Palestinians end the payments and meet various related conditions.\nAmong the issues in U.S. policy toward the Palestinians is how to deal with the political leadership of Palestinian society. Hamas retains de facto control over security in the Gaza Strip, despite forswearing formal responsibility. The United States has sought to bolster Fatah head and PA President Mahmoud Abbas\u2014who also chairs the PLO\u2014vis-\u00e0-vis Hamas. The Abbas-led PA exercises limited self-rule over specified areas of the West Bank. However, some Members of Congress have manifested concern about Abbas\u2019s periodic dealings with Hamas, international diplomatic tactics, and allegations of increasingly authoritarian domestic leadership. Anticipation that Abbas may be approaching the end of his tenure may be fueling political posturing among possible successors and influencing Abbas\u2019s own decisions. \nGaza also presents a dilemma. Humanitarian and economic problems persist, in the context of a small, population-dense territory that has been the site of three major conflicts involving its militants and Israel over the past decade (2008-2009, 2012, and 2014). Israel and Egypt maintain tight control over access to and commerce with Gaza. They and other international actors seem reluctant to take direct action toward opening Gaza\u2019s borders fully because of legal, political, and strategic challenges to dealing with Hamas. Political support and economic assistance from Iran and other state or private benefactors may bolster Hamas\u2019s rule and, combined with other factors, exacerbate the Palestinian political divide.\nIn October 2017, Fatah and Hamas reportedly reached an agreement that could allow the Fatah-led PA greater administrative control over Gaza and its border crossings by December. It is unclear to what extent talks in fall 2017 about possibly ending the West Bank-Gaza split might mirror some past situations in which Fatah and Hamas either failed to reach agreement or to implement an agreement. As in those situations, the current case appears to center on Hamas\u2019s willingness to cede control of security in Gaza to the PA. Abbas has insisted that he will not accept a situation, like that of Hezbollah in Lebanon, where PA control is undermined by Hamas\u2019s militia. One Hamas figure has suggested that possible financial support for Gaza from Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates may provide incentives for Fatah and Hamas to bridge previously insuperable divides.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL34074", "sha1": "7f4c17b6217b712789512654884f8a0dba0663ce", "filename": "files/20171017_RL34074_7f4c17b6217b712789512654884f8a0dba0663ce.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL34074_files&id=/1.png": "files/20171017_RL34074_images_6e6d8e82c1736e099a53404fdf8bb67ad2d56668.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL34074_files&id=/3.png": "files/20171017_RL34074_images_8e367b938134ca7ea4d490ca662ce05083f0d4f1.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL34074_files&id=/2.png": "files/20171017_RL34074_images_dd1d03a3f3b6c266050ea2d109cbb65710f70a31.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL34074_files&id=/0.png": "files/20171017_RL34074_images_f63b1a23945a769e20a87240c1924144fe5e1f30.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL34074", "sha1": "9191dc92f61269416ceea74bb67c18a26b5c86b6", "filename": "files/20171017_RL34074_9191dc92f61269416ceea74bb67c18a26b5c86b6.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 438196, "date": "2015-02-10", "retrieved": "2016-04-06T19:30:13.562127", "title": "The Palestinians: Background and U.S. Relations", "summary": "This report covers current issues in U.S.-Palestinian relations. It also contains an overview of Palestinian society and politics and descriptions of key Palestinian individuals and groups\u2014chiefly the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), the Palestinian Authority (PA), Fatah, Hamas (a U.S.-designated Foreign Terrorist Organization), and the Palestinian refugee population. The \u201cPalestinian question\u201d is important not only to Palestinians, Israelis, and their Arab state neighbors, but to many countries and non-state actors in the region and around the world\u2014including the United States\u2014for a variety of religious, cultural, and political reasons. U.S. policy toward the Palestinians is marked by efforts to establish a Palestinian state through a negotiated two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict; to counter Palestinian terrorist groups; and to establish norms of democracy, accountability, and good governance. Congress has appropriated assistance to support Palestinian governance and development while trying to prevent the funds from benefitting Palestinians who advocate violence against Israelis. Since the signing of the Oslo Accord in 1993, Congress has committed more than $5 billion in bilateral assistance to the Palestinians, over half of it since mid-2007. \nAmong the issues in U.S. policy toward the Palestinians is how to deal with the political leadership of Palestinian society. Although Fatah and Hamas agreed to the June 2014 formation of a consensus PA government appointed by Fatah head and PA President Mahmoud Abbas, Hamas retains de facto control over security in the Gaza Strip, despite forswearing formal responsibility. The United States has sought to bolster Abbas\u2014who also chairs the PLO\u2014vis-\u00e0-vis Hamas, though some Members of Congress have manifested concern about Abbas\u2019s periodic dealings with Hamas, international diplomatic tactics, and perhaps increasingly authoritarian domestic leadership. Anticipation that Abbas may be approaching the end of his tenure may be fueling political posturing among possible successors and influencing Abbas\u2019s own decisions.\nThe United States has supported various rounds of Israeli-Palestinian negotiations for more than 20 years. Another round ended acrimoniously in April 2014. Lack of progress on the peace process with Israel has led Abbas and his colleagues to consider alternative pathways toward a Palestinian state. This approach was initially based on the strategy of obtaining more widespread international recognition of Palestinian statehood in the West Bank (including East Jerusalem) and the Gaza Strip, and now may also be encouraging or taking advantage of international legal and economic pressure on Israel to improve the Palestinian negotiating position. The PLO has not obtained membership in the United Nations, but a November 2012 resolution in the U.N. General Assembly identified \u201cPalestine\u201d as a \u201cnon-member state,\u201d and the U.N. Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) admitted \u201cPalestine\u201d in late 2011. The Palestinians are primed to accede to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) in April 2015, and the ICC could conceivably investigate Israeli, Palestinian, or other individuals for alleged crimes committed in the West Bank and Gaza. Palestinian actions at the ICC or elsewhere could trigger existing legal restrictions on U.S. aid and greater congressional scrutiny of future aid. \nThe Gaza situation also presents a dilemma. Humanitarian and economic problems persist, especially in the wake of a summer 2014 conflict between Israel and Hamas. Israel and Egypt maintain tight control over access to and commerce with Gaza. They and other international actors seem reluctant to take direct action toward opening Gaza\u2019s borders fully because of legal, political, and strategic challenges to dealing with Hamas. Political support and economic assistance from Iran and other state or private benefactors may bolster Hamas\u2019s rule and, combined with other factors, exacerbate the Palestinian political divide.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL34074", "sha1": "9ba9049aca7daac706d0db0964bd80382f7bd26d", "filename": "files/20150210_RL34074_9ba9049aca7daac706d0db0964bd80382f7bd26d.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL34074", "sha1": "7970851ceffa4ac93f3c34272a39f4e5dd8f27c3", "filename": "files/20150210_RL34074_7970851ceffa4ac93f3c34272a39f4e5dd8f27c3.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 282, "name": "Middle East and North Africa" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 3605, "name": "United Nations" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc276914/", "id": "RL34074_2014Jan31", "date": "2014-01-31", "retrieved": "2014-03-05T18:18:19", "title": "The Palestinians: Background and U.S. Relations", "summary": "This report provides an overview of current issues in U.S.-Palestinian relations. It also contains an overview of Palestinian society and politics and descriptions of key Palestinian individuals and groups--chiefly the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), the Palestinian Authority (PA), Fatah, Hamas, and the Palestinian refugee population.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20140131_RL34074_7a26e76015e51934a05f88a749de1d7bc5dab7c4.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20140131_RL34074_7a26e76015e51934a05f88a749de1d7bc5dab7c4.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- Palestine -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- Palestine -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Palestine", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Palestine" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign aid", "name": "Foreign aid" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "International affairs", "name": "International affairs" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Terrorism", "name": "Terrorism" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc122314/", "id": "RL34074_2012Aug17", "date": "2012-08-17", "retrieved": "2012-11-30T09:28:34", "title": "The Palestinians: Background and U.S. Relations", "summary": "This report provides an overview of current issues in U.S.-Palestinian relations. It also contains an overview of Palestinian society and politics and descriptions of key Palestinian individuals and groups\u2014chiefly the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), the Palestinian Authority (PA), Fatah, Hamas, and the Palestinian refugee population.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20120817_RL34074_1020324e0a82ed1b44a3987ff536653aef6e5297.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20120817_RL34074_1020324e0a82ed1b44a3987ff536653aef6e5297.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- Palestine -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- Palestine -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Palestine", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Palestine" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign aid", "name": "Foreign aid" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "International affairs", "name": "International affairs" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Terrorism", "name": "Terrorism" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc94107/", "id": "RL34074_2011Aug30", "date": "2011-08-30", "retrieved": "2012-07-24T12:39:36", "title": "The Palestinians: Background and U.S. Relations", "summary": "This report provides an overview of current issues in U.S.-Palestinian relations. It also contains an overview of Palestinian society and politics and descriptions of key Palestinian individuals and groups\u2014chiefly the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), the Palestinian Authority (PA), Fatah, Hamas, and the Palestinian refugee population.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20110830_RL34074_b9e36143ac35d479d3402b79ce3436e4ea72ecd5.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20110830_RL34074_b9e36143ac35d479d3402b79ce3436e4ea72ecd5.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- Palestine -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- Palestine -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Palestine", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Palestine" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign aid", "name": "Foreign aid" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "International affairs", "name": "International affairs" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Terrorism", "name": "Terrorism" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc463118/", "id": "RL34074_2010Jan08", "date": "2010-01-08", "retrieved": "2014-12-05T09:57:41", "title": "The Palestinians: Background and U.S. Relations", "summary": "This report provides an overview of current issues in U.S.-Palestinian relations. It also contains an overview of Palestinian society and politics and descriptions of key Palestinian individuals and groups--chiefly the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), the Palestinian Authority (PA), Fatah, Hamas, and the Palestinian refugee population.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20100108_RL34074_f2a817a7747d3aae4e8a8a0c102fa09fc065de3f.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20100108_RL34074_f2a817a7747d3aae4e8a8a0c102fa09fc065de3f.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- Palestine -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- Palestine -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Palestine", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Palestine" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign aid", "name": "Foreign aid" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "International affairs", "name": "International affairs" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Terrorism", "name": "Terrorism" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc819221/", "id": "RL34074_2007Oct12", "date": "2007-10-12", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "The Palestinian Territories: Background and U.S. Relations", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20071012_RL34074_02089f8727b92e83a1441ce35520baf97a123b01.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20071012_RL34074_02089f8727b92e83a1441ce35520baf97a123b01.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc820795/", "id": "RL34074_2007Jul05", "date": "2007-07-05", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "The Palestinian Territories: Background and U.S. Relations", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20070705_RL34074_f65560ed8a8257ec7418df8184a8623e1ff9a142.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20070705_RL34074_f65560ed8a8257ec7418df8184a8623e1ff9a142.html" } ], "topics": [] } ], "topics": [ "Foreign Affairs", "Intelligence and National Security", "Middle Eastern Affairs", "National Defense" ] }