{ "id": "RL34170", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "number": "RL34170", "active": true, "source": "EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "versions": [ { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 438272, "date": "2015-02-11", "retrieved": "2016-04-06T19:29:51.964968", "title": "Yemen: Background and U.S. Relations", "summary": "This report provides an overview and analysis of U.S.-Yemeni relations amidst evolving political change in Yemeni leadership, ongoing U.S. counterterrorism operations against Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) operatives in Yemen\u2019s hinterlands, and international efforts to bolster the country\u2019s stability despite an array of daunting socio-economic problems. Along with determining how best to counter terrorist threats emanating from Yemen, Congress and U.S. policy makers also may consider the priority level and resources that should be accorded to attempts to stabilize Yemen and to establish and maintain strong bilateral relations with Yemeni leaders.\nOn November 23, 2011, after eleven months of protests and violence that claimed over 2,000 lives, then-President Ali Abdullah Saleh of Yemen signed on to a U.S.-backed, Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)-brokered transition plan. In line with the plan, Yemen held a presidential election in February 2012 with one consensus candidate on the ballot\u2014former Vice President Abed Rabbo Mansour al Hadi. President Hadi took office in February 2012 shortly after his election. He resigned on January 22, 2015, and is under house arrest, surrounded by fighters from the Houthi movement.\nMany Administration officials have declared that Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula, the Yemen-based terrorist organization that has attempted several attacks on the U.S. homeland, presents the most potent threat among Al Qaeda\u2019s remaining affiliates. In recent years, the Administration and Congress have committed greater resources to counterterrorism and stabilization efforts there. Amid debate over the accomplishments and objectives of U.S. military and intelligence operations in Yemen, President Obama has suggested that U.S. policy in Yemen may inform U.S. policy in other cases, such as the military campaign against the Islamic State Organization in Iraq and Syria. It is unclear whether and how lessons from Yemen\u2019s specific situation might apply in other contexts. Many analysts assert that Yemen is or is becoming a failed state and safe haven for Al Qaeda operatives for a variety of reasons and as such is likely to remain an active theater for U.S. counterterrorism operations for the foreseeable future. Given Yemen\u2019s contentious political climate and its myriad development challenges, most long-time Yemen watchers suggest that security problems emanating from Yemen may persist in spite of increased U.S. or international efforts to combat them\u2014an argument with which few would disagree given the events of early 2015.\nAs recently as the fall of 2014, the Obama Administration expressed cautious optimism about Yemen\u2019s trajectory, though the 2014-2015 takeover of Sana\u2019a by the Houthis, a clan from the Zaydi sect (related to Shia Islam) has upended Yemen\u2019s political transition. The State Department reports that the United States committed more than $221.4 million in assistance to Yemen in FY2014, in addition to $316.23 million in FY2013 and more than $353 million in FY2012. U.S. military assistance to Yemen has focused on bolstering its unmanned aerial surveillance capabilities and training its armed forces. 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"RL34170_2015Jan21", "date": "2015-01-21", "retrieved": "2015-03-30T22:03:27", "title": "Yemen: Background and U.S. Relations", "summary": "This report provides an overview and analysis of U.S.-Yemeni relations and issues, including evolving political change in Yemeni leadership, ongoing U.S. counterterrorism operations against Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) operatives at large in Yemen's hinterlands, and international efforts to bolster the country's stability despite an array of daunting socio-economic problems.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20150121_RL34170_1e3805ff3f088b0a8dc98704676ce41af4b0e8fe.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20150121_RL34170_1e3805ff3f088b0a8dc98704676ce41af4b0e8fe.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Yemen", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- 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and issues, including evolving political change in Yemeni leadership, ongoing U.S. counterterrorism operations against Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) operatives at large in Yemen's hinterlands, and international efforts to bolster the country's stability despite an array of daunting socio-economic problems.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20140206_RL34170_518e41e6762c972b4b896c944e590a5c5507c1be.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20140206_RL34170_518e41e6762c972b4b896c944e590a5c5507c1be.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Yemen", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Yemen" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- Yemen -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- Yemen -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government -- Yemen", "name": "Politics and government -- Yemen" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc228063/", "id": "RL34170_2012Nov01", "date": "2012-11-01", "retrieved": "2013-11-05T18:07:05", "title": "Yemen: Background and U.S. Relations", "summary": "Report that provides an overview and analysis of U.S.-Yemeni relations amidst evolving political change in Yemeni leadership, ongoing U.S. counterterrorism operations against Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) operatives at large in Yemen's hinterlands, and international efforts to bolster the country's stability despite an array of daunting socio-economic problems.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20121101_RL34170_57399b4024fd9b92f891f4c737b7a2ad2a6ba21c.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20121101_RL34170_57399b4024fd9b92f891f4c737b7a2ad2a6ba21c.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Yemen", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Yemen" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- Yemen -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- Yemen -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government -- Yemen", "name": "Politics and government -- Yemen" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc85471/", "id": "RL34170_2012Apr10", "date": "2012-04-10", "retrieved": "2012-06-06T14:34:05", "title": "Yemen: Background and U.S. Relations", "summary": "This report provides an overview and analysis of U.S.-Yemeni relations amidst evolving political\r\nchange in Yemeni leadership, ongoing U.S. counterterrorism operations against Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) operatives at large in Yemen's hinterlands, and international efforts to bolster the country's stability despite an array of daunting socio-economic problems. Congress and U.S. policymakers may be concerned with prospects for stabilizing Yemen and establishing strong bilateral relations with future Yemeni leaders.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20120410_RL34170_b67faa7e7c65c81c776612e3ed4c444d4fb80225.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20120410_RL34170_b67faa7e7c65c81c776612e3ed4c444d4fb80225.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - U.S. - Yemen", "name": "Foreign relations - U.S. - Yemen" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - Yemen - U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations - Yemen - U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government", "name": "Politics and government" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government - Yemen", "name": "Politics and government - Yemen" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc84076/", "id": "RL34170_2011Dec28", "date": "2011-12-28", "retrieved": "2012-04-27T15:49:45", "title": "Yemen: Background and U.S. Relations", "summary": "This report provides an overview and analysis of U.S.-Yemeni relations amidst evolving political change in Yemeni leadership, ongoing U.S. counterterrorism operations against Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) operatives at large in Yemen's hinterlands, and international efforts to bolster the country's stability despite an array of daunting socio-economic problems. Congress and U.S. policymakers may be concerned with prospects for stabilizing Yemen and establishing strong bilateral relations with future Yemeni leaders.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20111228_RL34170_a6fac534e1f6308c5098e6799b4fc7470bfe2f75.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20111228_RL34170_a6fac534e1f6308c5098e6799b4fc7470bfe2f75.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - U.S. - Yemen", "name": "Foreign relations - U.S. - Yemen" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - Yemen - U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations - Yemen - U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government", "name": "Politics and government" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government - Yemen", "name": "Politics and government - Yemen" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc810874/", "id": "RL34170_2011Oct06", "date": "2011-10-06", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Yemen: Background and U.S. Relations", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20111006_RL34170_4e1602e51f83ac245e388bba9f5c24b8dbe0ad4f.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20111006_RL34170_4e1602e51f83ac245e388bba9f5c24b8dbe0ad4f.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc84077/", "id": "RL34170_2011Jun08", "date": "2011-06-08", "retrieved": "2012-04-27T15:49:45", "title": "Yemen: Background and U.S. Relations", "summary": "With limited natural resources, a crippling illiteracy rate, and high population growth, Yemen faces an array of daunting development challenges that some observers believe make it at risk for becoming a failed state in the next few decades. As the country's population rapidly rises, resources dwindle, and terrorist groups take root in the outlying provinces, the Obama Administration and the 111th Congress are left to grapple with the consequences of Yemeni instability. As President Obama and the 111th Congress reassess U.S. policy toward the Arab world, the opportunity for improved U.S.-Yemeni ties is strong, though recurring tensions over counterterrorism cooperation and lack of U.S. interest in Yemen within the broader foreign policy community persist.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20110608_RL34170_b886b2f4d52c5f55cde9493f3675681b8b2eb9e4.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20110608_RL34170_b886b2f4d52c5f55cde9493f3675681b8b2eb9e4.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - U.S. - Yemen", "name": "Foreign relations - U.S. - Yemen" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - Yemen - U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations - Yemen - U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government", "name": "Politics and government" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government - Yemen", "name": "Politics and government - Yemen" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign aid", "name": "Foreign aid" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc40229/", "id": "RL34170_2011May4", "date": "2011-05-04", "retrieved": "2011-08-27T10:13:38", "title": "Yemen: Background and U.S. Relations", "summary": "With limited natural resources, a crippling illiteracy rate, and high population growth, Yemen faces an array of daunting development challenges that some observers believe make it at risk for becoming a failed state in the next few decades. As the country's population rapidly rises, resources dwindle, and terrorist groups take root in the outlying provinces, the Obama Administration and the 111th Congress are left to grapple with the consequences of Yemeni instability. As President Obama and the 111th Congress reassess U.S. policy toward the Arab world, the opportunity for improved U.S.-Yemeni ties is strong, though recurring tensions over counterterrorism cooperation and lack of U.S. interest in Yemen within the broader foreign policy community persist.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20110504_RL34170_f71171654b63f9143c906f0069f552e33a1ad5d4.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20110504_RL34170_f71171654b63f9143c906f0069f552e33a1ad5d4.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - U.S. - Yemen", "name": "Foreign relations - U.S. - Yemen" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - Yemen - U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations - Yemen - U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government", "name": "Politics and government" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government- Yemen", "name": "Politics and government- Yemen" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc99111/", "id": "RL34170_2011Mar22", "date": "2011-03-22", "retrieved": "2012-08-31T21:48:36", "title": "Yemen: Background and U.S. Relations", "summary": "This report provides an overview and analysis of U.S.-Yemeni relations, including issues such as: political change in Yemeni leadership; ongoing U.S. counterterrorism operations against Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP) operatives at large in Yemen's hinterlands; and international efforts to bolster the country's stability despite an array of daunting socio-economic problems. 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As the country's population rapidly rises, resources dwindle, and terrorist groups take root in the outlying provinces, the Obama Administration and the 111th Congress are left to grapple with the consequences of Yemeni instability. 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