{ "id": "RL34306", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "number": "RL34306", "active": true, "source": "EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "versions": [ { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 602684, "date": "2019-07-22", "retrieved": "2019-07-24T22:21:18.286744", "title": "Vulnerable Youth: Federal Mentoring Programs and Issues", "summary": "Youth mentoring refers to a relationship between youth\u2014particularly those most at risk of experiencing negative outcomes in adolescence and adulthood\u2014and the adults who support and guide them. The origin of the modern youth mentoring concept is credited to the efforts of charity groups that formed during the Progressive era of the early 1900s to provide practical assistance to poor and juvenile justice-involved youth, including help with finding employment.\nApproximately 4.5 million youth today are involved in formal mentoring relationships through mentoring organizations (e.g., Big Brothers Big Sisters of America, Boys & Girls Clubs of America, National 4-H Council). Contemporary mentoring programs seek to improve outcomes and reduce risks among vulnerable youth by providing positive role models who regularly meet with the youth in community or school settings. Some programs have broad youth development goals, while others focus more narrowly on a particular outcome. Evaluations of the BBBS program and studies of other mentoring programs demonstrate an association between mentoring and some positive outcomes, but the impact of mentoring and the ability for mentored youth to sustain gains over time are less certain.\nThere is no single overarching federal policy on mentoring or an entity that coordinates mentoring supports across the federal government. The Federal Mentoring Council was a coordinating body on mentoring issues for the federal government from 2006 to 2008, and is no longer active. Currently, the federal government provides funding for mentoring primarily through a Department of Justice (DOJ) grant program that has had annual appropriations for the program of about $78 million to $100 million in recent years. This grant is administered by DOJ\u2019s Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) within the Office of Justice Programs (OJP). Program funding has been used for research and direct mentoring services to select populations of youth, such as those involved or at risk of being involved in the juvenile justice system. Other federal agencies provide or are authorized to support mentoring as one aspect of a larger program. For example, select programs carried out by the Corporation for National and Community Service (CNCS) can provide mentoring, among other services. Youth ChalleNGe, an educational and leadership program for at-risk youth administered by the Department of Defense\u2019s (DOD\u2019s) National Guard, includes mentoring as an aspect of its program. \nTwo former federal programs\u2014the Mentoring Children of Prisoners (MCP) program and Safe and Drug-Free Schools (SDFS) Mentoring program\u2014provided federal support for mentoring services. Funding for the MCP program was discontinued as of FY2011, and funding for the SDFS program was discontinued as of FY2010. The MCP program was intended, in part, to reduce the chance that mentored youth would use drugs and skip school. Similarly, the SDFS Mentoring program provided school-based mentoring to reduce school dropout and improve relationships for youth at risk of educational failure and with other risk factors. \nIssues relevant to the federal role in mentoring include support for a field that has recent but somewhat limited research on effectiveness of mentoring programs, mentored youth, the quality of mentoring programs, and whether more mentoring should be provided in light of a perceived need for more mentors to support at-risk youth.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL34306", "sha1": "b871b0d529cc104fae0092cec8c936e3a217bd83", "filename": "files/20190722_RL34306_b871b0d529cc104fae0092cec8c936e3a217bd83.html", "images": {} }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL34306", "sha1": "1e8afac14d4b491b8fea8af0be09faa91ade41f7", "filename": "files/20190722_RL34306_1e8afac14d4b491b8fea8af0be09faa91ade41f7.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4864, "name": "Youth & Transition to Adulthood" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 585082, "date": "2018-02-23", "retrieved": "2018-09-13T22:34:26.270106", "title": "Vulnerable Youth: Federal Mentoring Programs and Issues", "summary": "Youth mentoring refers to a relationship between youth\u2014particularly those most at risk of experiencing negative outcomes in adolescence and adulthood\u2014and the adults who support and guide them. The origin of the modern youth mentoring concept is credited to the efforts of charity groups that formed during the Progressive era of the early 1900s to provide practical assistance to poor and juvenile justice-involved youth, including help with finding employment.\nApproximately 4.5 million youth today are involved in formal mentoring relationships through organizations such as Big Brothers Big Sisters (BBBS) of America. Contemporary mentoring programs seek to improve outcomes and reduce risks among vulnerable youth by providing positive role models who regularly meet with the youth in community or school settings. Some programs have broad youth development goals, while others focus more narrowly on a particular outcome. Evaluations of the BBBS program and studies of other mentoring programs demonstrate an association between mentoring and some positive outcomes, but the impact of mentoring and the ability for mentored youth to sustain gains over time are less certain.\nThere is no single overarching federal policy on mentoring or an entity that coordinates mentoring supports across the federal government. The Federal Mentoring Council had served as a resource on mentoring issues for the federal government from 2006 to 2008 and is no longer active. Currently, the federal government provides funding for mentoring primarily through a grant program with annual appropriations for the program of about $78 million to $90 million in recent years. This grant is administered by the Department of Justice\u2019s (DOJ) Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) within the Office of Justice Programs. Program funding has been used for research and direct mentoring services to select populations of youth, such as those involved or at risk of being involved in the juvenile justice system. Other federal agencies provide or are authorized to support mentoring as one aspect of a larger program. For example, select programs carried out by the Corporation for National and Community Service (CNCS) can provide mentoring, among other services. Youth ChalleNGe, an educational and leadership program for at-risk youth administered by the Department of Defense\u2019s (DOD\u2019s) National Guard, includes mentoring as an aspect of its program. Federal agencies also coordinate on federal mentoring issues. \nTwo other federal programs\u2014the Mentoring Children of Prisoners (MCP) program and Safe and Drug-Free Schools (SDFS) Mentoring program\u2014provided a significant source of federal funding for mentoring services. However, the programs were short-lived: funding for the MCP program was discontinued beginning with FY2011, and funding for the SDFS program was discontinued beginning with FY2010. The MCP program was created in response to the growing number of children under age 18 with at least one parent incarcerated in a federal or state correctional facility. The program was intended, in part, to reduce the chance that mentored youth would use drugs and skip school. Similarly, the SDFS Mentoring program provided school-based mentoring to reduce school dropout and improve relationships for youth at risk of educational failure and with other risk factors. As part of its FY2010 budget justifications, the Obama Administration had proposed eliminating the program because of an evaluation showing that it did not have an impact on students overall in terms of interpersonal relationships, academic outcomes, and delinquent behaviors.\nIssues relevant to the federal role in mentoring include the limitations of research on outcomes for mentored youth, the quality of mentoring programs, and the potential need for additional mentors.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL34306", "sha1": "c8ddbcd65b9d519cbaa9a8df04b5a23c7e4568a8", "filename": "files/20180223_RL34306_c8ddbcd65b9d519cbaa9a8df04b5a23c7e4568a8.html", "images": {} }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL34306", "sha1": "4d6f009154efc9127af98ae6748d54d3dd571963", "filename": "files/20180223_RL34306_4d6f009154efc9127af98ae6748d54d3dd571963.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4864, "name": "Youth & Transition to Adulthood" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 459132, "date": "2017-02-17", "retrieved": "2017-03-01T17:39:31.348414", "title": "Vulnerable Youth: Federal Mentoring Programs and Issues", "summary": "Youth mentoring refers to a relationship between youth\u2014particularly those most at risk of experiencing negative outcomes in adolescence and adulthood\u2014and the adults who support and guide them. The origin of the modern youth mentoring concept is credited to the efforts of charity groups that formed during the Progressive era of the early 1900s to provide practical assistance to poor and juvenile justice-involved youth, including help with finding employment.\nApproximately 2.5 million youth today are involved in formal mentoring relationships through Big Brothers Big Sisters (BBBS) of America and similar organizations. Contemporary mentoring programs seek to improve outcomes and reduce risks among vulnerable youth by providing positive role models who regularly meet with the youth in community or school settings. Some programs have broad youth development goals while others focus more narrowly on a particular outcome. Evaluations of the BBBS program and studies of other mentoring programs demonstrate an association between mentoring and some positive outcomes, but the effects of mentoring on particular outcomes and the ability for mentored youth to sustain gains over time are less certain.\nThe federal government provides funding for mentoring primarily through a grant program to the Department of Justice (DOJ), with annual appropriations for the program of about $78 million to $90 million in recent years. This funding is used for research and direct mentoring services to select populations of youth, such as those involved or at risk of being involved in the juvenile justice system. Other federal agencies provide or are authorized to support mentoring as one aspect of a larger program. For example, select programs carried out by the Corporation for National and Community Service (CNCS) can provide mentoring, among other services. Youth ChalleNGe, an educational and leadership program for at-risk youth administered by the Department of Defense\u2019s (DOD\u2019s) National Guard, includes mentoring as an aspect of its program. Federal agencies also coordinate on federal mentoring issues. The Federal Mentoring Council has served as a resource on mentoring issues for the federal government from 2006 to 2008, and is no longer active. \nTwo other federal programs\u2014the Mentoring Children of Prisoners (MCP) program and Safe and Drug Free Schools (SDFS) Mentoring program\u2014provided a significant source of federal funding for mentoring services. However, the programs were short-lived: funding for the MCP program was discontinued beginning with FY2011 and funding for the SDFS program was discontinued beginning with FY2010. The Mentoring Children of Prisoners program was created in response to the growing number of children under age 18 with at least one parent who is incarcerated in a federal or state correctional facility. The program was intended, in part, to reduce the chance that mentored youth would use drugs and skip school. Similarly, the SDFS Mentoring program provided school-based mentoring to reduce school dropout and improve relationships for youth at risk of educational failure and with other risk factors. As part of its FY2010 budget justifications, the Obama Administration had proposed eliminating the program because of an evaluation showing that it did not have an impact on students overall in terms of interpersonal relationships, academic outcomes, and delinquent behaviors.\nIssues relevant to the federal role in mentoring include the limitations of research on outcomes for mentored youth, the potential need for additional mentors, grantees\u2019 challenges in sustaining funding, and the status of federal mentoring funding.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL34306", "sha1": "1b0bc6cc2fe0b3f2cf0f0e597462249ccc09cb77", "filename": "files/20170217_RL34306_1b0bc6cc2fe0b3f2cf0f0e597462249ccc09cb77.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL34306", "sha1": "4955ccbd0448117cbd06e125bfbe3c3a456aabb6", "filename": "files/20170217_RL34306_4955ccbd0448117cbd06e125bfbe3c3a456aabb6.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4864, "name": "Youth & Transition to Adulthood" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 446661, "date": "2015-10-22", "retrieved": "2016-04-06T18:06:53.771198", "title": "Vulnerable Youth: Federal Mentoring Programs and Issues", "summary": "Youth mentoring refers to a relationship between youth\u2014particularly those most at risk of experiencing negative outcomes in adolescence and adulthood\u2014and the adults who support and guide them. The origin of the modern youth mentoring concept is credited to the efforts of charity groups that formed during the Progressive era of the early 1900s to provide practical assistance to poor and juvenile justice-involved youth, including help with finding employment.\nApproximately 2.5 million youth today are involved in formal mentoring relationships through Big Brothers Big Sisters (BBBS) of America and similar organizations. Contemporary mentoring programs seek to improve outcomes and reduce risks among vulnerable youth by providing positive role models who regularly meet with the youth in community or school settings. Some programs have broad youth development goals while others focus more narrowly on a particular outcome. Evaluations of the BBBS program and studies of other mentoring programs demonstrate an association between mentoring and some positive outcomes, but the effects of mentoring on particular outcomes and the ability for mentored youth to sustain gains over time are less certain.\nThe federal government provides funding for mentoring primarily through a grant program to the Department of Justice (DOJ), with annual appropriations for the program of about $78 million to $90 million in recent years. This funding is used for research and direct mentoring services to select populations of youth, such as those involved or at risk of being involved in the juvenile justice system. Other federal agencies provide or are authorized to support mentoring as one aspect of a larger program. For example, select programs carried out by the Corporation for National and Community Service (CNCS) can provide mentoring, among other services. Youth ChalleNGe, an educational and leadership program for at-risk youth administered by the Department of Defense (DOD), includes mentoring as an aspect of its program. Federal agencies also coordinate on federal mentoring issues. The Federal Mentoring Council has served as a clearinghouse on mentoring issues for the federal government, though it has been inactive in recent years.\nTwo other federal programs\u2014the Mentoring Children of Prisoners (MCP) program and Safe and Drug Free Schools (SDFS) Mentoring program\u2014provided a significant source of federal funding for mentoring services. However, the programs were short-lived: funding for the MCP program was discontinued beginning with FY2011 and funding for the SDFS program was discontinued beginning with FY2010. The Mentoring Children of Prisoners program was created in response to the growing number of children under age 18 with at least one parent who is incarcerated in a federal or state correctional facility. The program was intended, in part, to reduce the chance that mentored youth would use drugs and skip school. Similarly, the SDFS Mentoring program provided school-based mentoring to reduce school dropout and improve relationships for youth at risk of educational failure and with other risk factors. As part of its FY2010 budget justifications, the Obama Administration had proposed eliminating the program because of an evaluation showing that it did not have an impact on students overall in terms of interpersonal relationships, academic outcomes, and delinquent behaviors.\nIssues relevant to the federal role in mentoring include the limitations of research on outcomes for mentored youth, the potential need for additional mentors, grantees\u2019 challenges in sustaining funding, and the possible discontinuation of federal mentoring funding.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL34306", "sha1": "42d1c3b79e68da82167207bb06c4e9887c7fd20d", "filename": "files/20151022_RL34306_42d1c3b79e68da82167207bb06c4e9887c7fd20d.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL34306", "sha1": "cda22102fa06dca560d953479f085727571564b1", "filename": "files/20151022_RL34306_cda22102fa06dca560d953479f085727571564b1.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 2651, "name": "Child Well-Being" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc806698/", "id": "RL34306_2015Apr21", "date": "2015-04-21", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Vulnerable Youth: Federal Mentoring Programs and Issues", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20150421_RL34306_8ee0c5ba425b62e307b1f7fefa11fa63158f8004.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20150421_RL34306_8ee0c5ba425b62e307b1f7fefa11fa63158f8004.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc284502/", "id": "RL34306_2014Feb28", "date": "2014-02-28", "retrieved": "2014-05-06T21:21:54", "title": "Vulnerable Youth: Federal Mentoring Programs and Issues", "summary": "This report begins with an overview of the purpose of mentoring, including a brief discussion on research of structured mentoring programs. It then describes the evolution of federal policies on mentoring since the early 1990s and provides an overview of the components and funding for each of two recent (discontinued) federal mentoring programs, as well as a discussion of other federal mentoring initiatives that are currently funded.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20140228_RL34306_ddde8962a0bc8d8f304d6d53516d88748f62323f.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20140228_RL34306_ddde8962a0bc8d8f304d6d53516d88748f62323f.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Youth", "name": "Youth" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Age and employment", "name": "Age and employment" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Labor", "name": "Labor" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Employment", "name": "Employment" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc87334/", "id": "RL34306_2012Jan20", "date": "2012-01-20", "retrieved": "2012-07-03T07:51:21", "title": "Vulnerable Youth: Federal Mentoring Programs and Issues", "summary": "Youth mentoring refers to a relationship between youth\u2014particularly those most at risk of experiencing negative outcomes in adolescence and adulthood\u2014and the adults who support and guide them. The origin of the modern youth mentoring concept is credited to the efforts of charity \r\ngroups that formed during the Progressive era of the early 1900s to provide practical assistance to poor and juvenile justice-involved youth, including help with finding employment. Issues relevant to the federal role in mentoring include the limitations of research on outcomes for mentored youth, the potential need for additional mentors, grantees' challenges in sustaining funding, and the possible discontinuation of federal mentoring funding.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20120120_RL34306_2819f2339e33a54afe8eaa53b701505e4e3e975e.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20120120_RL34306_2819f2339e33a54afe8eaa53b701505e4e3e975e.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Youth", "name": "Youth" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Age and employment", "name": "Age and employment" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Labor", "name": "Labor" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Employment", "name": "Employment" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc811268/", "id": "RL34306_2010Feb05", "date": "2010-02-05", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Vulnerable Youth: Federal Mentoring Programs and Issues", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20100205_RL34306_7fae8c6d5d70d0243649d5e042e0063dd8c4e7a1.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20100205_RL34306_7fae8c6d5d70d0243649d5e042e0063dd8c4e7a1.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc821380/", "id": "RL34306_2008Jun20", "date": "2008-06-20", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Vulnerable Youth: Federal Mentoring Programs and Issues", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20080620_RL34306_c59baebc8527c33939fc625ab22f4bfe09702551.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20080620_RL34306_c59baebc8527c33939fc625ab22f4bfe09702551.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc805225/", "id": "RL34306_2008Jan24", "date": "2008-01-24", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Vulnerable Youth: Federal Mentoring Programs and Issues", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20080124_RL34306_da3a215990e0e2f23131560e87d0f9aa14f8edad.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20080124_RL34306_da3a215990e0e2f23131560e87d0f9aa14f8edad.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc806478/", "id": "RL34306_2008Jan04", "date": "2008-01-04", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Vulnerable Youth: Federal Mentoring Programs and Issues", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20080104_RL34306_66d385929f975120b50cebad9438dac00fdfca5f.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20080104_RL34306_66d385929f975120b50cebad9438dac00fdfca5f.html" } ], "topics": [] } ], "topics": [ "Appropriations", "Domestic Social Policy", "National Defense" ] }