{ "id": "RL34387", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "number": "RL34387", "active": false, "source": "EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "versions": [ { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 348131, "date": "2009-04-02", "retrieved": "2016-04-07T02:36:45.093226", "title": "Operation Iraqi Freedom: Strategies, Approaches, Results, and Issues for Congress", "summary": "Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), the U.S.-led coalition military operation in Iraq, was launched on March 20, 2003, with the immediate stated goal of removing Saddam Hussein\u2019s regime and destroying its ability to use weapons of mass destruction or to make them available to terrorists. Over time, the focus of OIF shifted from regime removal to the more open-ended mission of helping the Government of Iraq (GoI) improve security, establish a system of governance, and foster economic development.\nIn 2009, the war in Iraq appears to be winding down, as security gains made since the height of the insurgency in 2006 and 2007 continue to be sustained, and as Iraqis increasingly seek management of their own affairs. A new U.S.-Iraqi security agreement that went into effect on January 1, 2009, which confirmed the Iraqis\u2019 responsibility for their own security, introduced a new era in OIF and in US-Iraqi bilateral relations. Secretary of Defense Robert Gates called the agreement a \u201cwatershed, a firm indication that American military involvement in Iraq is winding down.\u201d U.S. military commanders on the ground have indicated that in most parts of Iraq, the focus of U.S. military efforts has shifted from counterinsurgency (COIN) to stability operations, including advising the Iraqi Security Forces (ISF), and supporting security, economic, and governance capacity-building. On February 27, 2009, at Camp Lejeune in North Carolina, President Obama delivered a speech addressing \u201chow the war in Iraq will end,\u201d in which he announced the drawdown of U.S. combat forces by August 2010 and the transition of the rest of the military mission to training and advising Iraq security forces, conducting counter-terrorism operations, and providing force protection for U.S. personnel.\nThe United States begins this transition from a position of significant commitment \u2013 including some 140,000 U.S. troops deployed in Iraq, in addition to civilian experts and U.S. contractors, who provide substantial support to their Iraqi counterparts in the fields of security, governance, and development. Senior U.S. officials, including outgoing U.S. Ambassador to Iraq Ryan Crocker, and Secretary Gates, have suggested that lasting change in Iraq will require substantially more time, and that while the U.S. military presence will diminish, U.S. engagement with Iraq is likely to continue. The Government of Iraq (GoI), for its part, still faces challenges at the operational level, in countering the lingering strands of the insurgency; and at the strategic level, in achieving a single, shared vision of the Iraqi state, and in improving its capacity to provide good governance, ensure security, and foster economic development for the Iraqi people. \nKey policy issues the Obama Administration may choose to address, with oversight from the 111th Congress, include identifying how U.S. national interests and strategic objectives, in Iraq and the region, should guide further U.S. engagement; monitoring and evaluating the impact of the changes in the U.S. presence and role in Iraq; and laying the groundwork for a future, more traditional bilateral relationship.\nThis report is intended to provide background and analysis of current developments and options, and will be updated as events warrant.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": 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"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc700900/", "id": "RL34387_2008Sep22", "date": "2008-09-22", "retrieved": "2015-08-27T16:20:31", "title": "Operation Iraqi Freedom: Strategies, Approaches, Results, and Issues for Congress", "summary": "This report is designed to provide an assessment of current Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) developments, in the context of relevant background, in order to support congressional consideration of short-term and long-term strategy and policy issues.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20080922_RL34387_6df12044bdb0ed54ba1c9f7375a8a2663b6385f0.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20080922_RL34387_6df12044bdb0ed54ba1c9f7375a8a2663b6385f0.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Defense policy", "name": "Defense policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "War", "name": "War" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Military operations", "name": "Military operations" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc811592/", "id": "RL34387_2008Mar28", "date": "2008-03-28", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Operation Iraqi Freedom: Strategies, Approaches, Results, and Issues for Congress", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20080328_RL34387_7a0d143496260efcf8c44898308ac3512a889f6f.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20080328_RL34387_7a0d143496260efcf8c44898308ac3512a889f6f.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc821338/", "id": "RL34387_2008Feb22", "date": "2008-02-22", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Operation Iraqi Freedom: Strategies, Approaches, Results, and Issues for Congress", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20080222_RL34387_f288e7cbfb70bd63eaf9b7c588c45747b7979b1d.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20080222_RL34387_f288e7cbfb70bd63eaf9b7c588c45747b7979b1d.html" } ], "topics": [] } ], "topics": [ "Economic Policy", "Foreign Affairs", "Intelligence and National Security", "National Defense" ] }