{
  "id": "RL34512",
  "type": "CRS Report",
  "typeId": "REPORTS",
  "number": "RL34512",
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  "source": "EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
  "versions": [
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      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 360724,
      "date": "2010-05-04",
      "retrieved": "2016-04-07T01:42:19.482496",
      "title": "Russia\u2019s Economic Performance and Policies and Their Implications for the United States",
      "summary": "Until recently, the Russian economy was one of the fastest growing economies in the world. The growth brought an improvement in the standard of living of the average Russian citizen and also brought economic stability that Russia had not experienced in at least a decade. This strong economic performance had been a major factor in the popular support that the Russian leadership enjoyed and was also arguably a factor in the boldness with which that leadership reasserted Russia\u2019s status as a world power, challenging the United States, Europe, the neighboring former Soviet states in economic and national security areas.\nHowever, as has been the case with most of the world\u2019s economies, the Russian economy has been hit hard by the global financial crisis and recession. The crisis brought an abrupt end to the decade\u2019s long (1999-2008) economic growth with real gross domestic product (GDP) increasing 6.9% annually on average. Russian GDP then declined 7.9% in 2009 and is expected to increase only modestly in 2010. Other economic indicators showed problems in other parts of the economy.  \nThe high oil prices were a major factor in the economic success Russia enjoyed, especially in the early and middle parts of this decade; however, the collapse of world prices for oil and other commodities in 2008 exposed the downside of Russia\u2019s dependence on the production and export of oil, gas, and other natural resources. The failure of Russia to complete important economic reforms and the government\u2019s penchant for re-asserting its control over key economic sectors loom among the possible roadblocks to a return to high economic growth rates down the road. \nAlthough its influence has been greatly diminished since the Soviet period, Russia remains a formidable force on the global stage, and its influence seems to be growing. Russia\u2019s economy is large enough to influence global economic conditions. Many European countries and former Soviet states are highly dependent on Russian natural gas. Russia is a significant player on a number of issues critical to the United States, for example, nuclear proliferation by Iran and North Korea. Russia\u2019s perceived national interests do not always match those of the United States, creating an environment for disagreement if not conflict.\nWhile U.S. exports to Russia are still relatively small, it is an important market for U.S. exporters of poultry, energy equipment, and technology. Russia is also an important supplier of a number of raw materials that are critical to U.S. manufacturers. These links have drawn the attention of some Members of Congress. Congress may consider in the near future whether to extend permanent normal trade relations (PNTR) status to Russia, among other issues.",
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    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc26276/",
      "id": "RL34512_2009Jun29",
      "date": "2009-06-29",
      "retrieved": "2010-07-07T17:39:19",
      "title": "Russia's Economic Performance and Policies and Their Implications for the United States",
      "summary": "As has been the case with most of the world's economies, the Russian economy has been hit hard by the current global financial crisis. Even before the financial crisis, however, Russia was showing signs of economic problems. Russian economic policies and performance raise important policy questions for the United States\r\nand the U.S.-Russian relationship which this report addresses. Might Russia's robust economic growth return? Is an economically strong Russia a threat or benefit to the United States? Is Russia following economic strategies that promote a market economy that underlies the international trade system manifested in the World Trade Organization?",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORT",
      "active": false,
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        }
      ],
      "topics": [
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Politics and government",
          "name": "Politics and government"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Politics and government - Russia",
          "name": "Politics and government - Russia"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Economic policy",
          "name": "Economic policy"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Economic growth - Russia",
          "name": "Economic growth - Russia"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Finance",
          "name": "Finance"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Financial crises",
          "name": "Financial crises"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Foreign policy",
          "name": "Foreign policy"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Foreign relations - U.S. - Russia",
          "name": "Foreign relations - U.S. - Russia"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Foreign relations - Russia - U.S.",
          "name": "Foreign relations - Russia - U.S."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc795661/",
      "id": "RL34512_2008Nov05",
      "date": "2008-11-05",
      "retrieved": "2016-01-13T14:26:20",
      "title": "Russia's Economic Performance and Policies and Their Implications for the United States",
      "summary": "This report discusses the Russian economy, which has grown impressively since 1999 and, by some measures, has been one of the fastest growing economies in the world. The improvement in the Russian economy is arguably a factor in the boldness with which the Putin leadership has reasserted Russia's status as a world power.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORT",
      "active": false,
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          "filename": "files/20081105_RL34512_ceb2b219bd372b0f3431d5634d5b71caf284889a.html"
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      "topics": [
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Politics and government",
          "name": "Politics and government"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Politics and government -- Russia",
          "name": "Politics and government -- Russia"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Economic policy",
          "name": "Economic policy"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Economic growth -- Russia",
          "name": "Economic growth -- Russia"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Finance",
          "name": "Finance"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Financial crises",
          "name": "Financial crises"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Foreign policy",
          "name": "Foreign policy"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Russia",
          "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Russia"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Foreign relations -- Russia -- U.S.",
          "name": "Foreign relations -- Russia -- U.S."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc700737/",
      "id": "RL34512_2008May30",
      "date": "2008-05-30",
      "retrieved": "2015-08-27T16:20:31",
      "title": "Russia's Economic Performance and Policies and Their Implications for the United States",
      "summary": "This report addresses Russian economic policies and performance raise important policy questions for the United States and the U.S.-Russian relationship.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORT",
      "active": false,
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      ],
      "topics": [
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Foreign policy",
          "name": "Foreign policy"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Foreign relations -- Russia -- U.S.",
          "name": "Foreign relations -- Russia -- U.S."
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Russia",
          "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Russia"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Politics and government -- Russia",
          "name": "Politics and government -- Russia"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Economic growth -- Russia",
          "name": "Economic growth -- Russia"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Economic policy",
          "name": "Economic policy"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "topics": [
    "Economic Policy",
    "Energy Policy",
    "Foreign Affairs"
  ]
}