{ "id": "RS20210", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "number": "RS20210", "active": false, "source": "Federation of American Scientists, EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "versions": [ { "source": "Federation of American Scientists", "sourceLink": "https://sgp.fas.org/crs/", "id": "RS20210_FAS", "date": "2020-10-13", "retrieved": "2020-10-13T17:08:42", "title": "Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20201013_RS20210_0cde53c38a6572954fc0e3493d88e9f9940514ff.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20201013_RS20210_0cde53c38a6572954fc0e3493d88e9f9940514ff.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 463705, "date": "2017-08-30", "retrieved": "2017-10-02T22:35:47.826676", "title": "Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms", "summary": "As Congress considers potential legislation related to trade agreements, the potential impact on U.S. workers and firms is part of the debate. The Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) programs were first authorized by Congress in the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 to help workers and firms adapt to import competition and dislocation caused by trade liberalization. While trade liberalization may increase the overall economic welfare of all the affected trade partners, it can also cause adjustment problems for firms and workers facing import competition, and adjustment assistance has long been justified on the grounds that it is the least disruptive option for offsetting policy-driven trade liberalization. The TAA programs for workers, firms, and farmers represent an alternative to policies that would restrict imports, providing assistance while bolstering freer trade and diminishing prospects for potentially costly tension (retaliation) among trade partners. \nThis report discusses the Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms (TAAF) program, which is administered by the U.S. Department of Commerce Economic Development Administration (EDA), and related policy issues. Most recently, reauthorization of TAA was linked to renewal of Trade Promotion Authority (TPA). Both TPA (P.L. 114-26 ) and TAA (P.L. 114-27) were signed into law in June 2015. The renewed TAA not only extended TAAF but reinstated certain expanded provisions and authorized annual funding. \nTAAF provides technical assistance to help trade-impacted firms make strategic adjustments to improve their global competitiveness. Under TAAF, a firm first submits a petition to demonstrate its eligibility, then works with TAAF professionals to develop and submit, and finally implement, a business recovery plan.\nAs required by the Trade and Globalization Adjustment Assistance Act of 2009 (TGAAA) (Title II of P.L. 111-5), EDA publishes annual reports on the performance of the TAAF program. The reports have generally shown that two years after completion of the program, on average, participating firms have increased sales, employment, and productivity. The high success rate for firms that \u201ccompleted\u201d the TAAF program represents only about half of all firms certified as eligible for assistance. The rest left the program without completing an adjustment plan and were no longer monitored. The Government Accountability Office (GAO) completed a comprehensive evaluation of the TAAF program in 2012 and found marked improvement in EDA\u2019s administration and evaluation efforts and also confirmed EDA\u2019s assessment that trade-impacted firms benefitted from the specialized attention provided by TAAF assistance. GAO also found a \u201csmall and statistically significant relationship between program participation and sales,\u201d which was particularly relevant to smaller firms, albeit also highly correlated with firms operating in high-growth industries. Employment effects were not found to be statistically significant.\nSince the 1990s, debates over trade liberalization have increasingly focused on the changing nature of trade in an era of globalization\u2014especially the emergence of global value chains (GVCs) and the evolving digital economy. GVCs are organized and coordinated by multinational companies (MNCs) and now account for about 70% of global trade in goods and services and capital goods. GVCs offer the potential for small- and medium-size firms to become more integrated into international trade and produce higher-value-added products. One question is whether EDA, through the TAAF program, can help trade-impacted firms in developing stronger relationships with MNCs and GVCs. Another is how EDA can help small and medium enterprises take advantage of the digital economy to reach new markets, including those opened up by trade agreements. Congress may consider these questions as well as further reforms or amendments to TAAF as part of ongoing discussions on potential trade agreements.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS20210", "sha1": "3fff8168bfbc3f8980b6d34cdb62b935c8c66cf1", "filename": "files/20170830_RS20210_3fff8168bfbc3f8980b6d34cdb62b935c8c66cf1.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS20210_files&id=/1.png": "files/20170830_RS20210_images_25c2e31edb3c2e3a5fd16d160784b8197270216d.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS20210_files&id=/0.png": "files/20170830_RS20210_images_ec14a7fa93ce95839fc766cdd5d6cad7c397b654.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS20210", "sha1": "1c420bfd15647ecc3bfb04b405bb0d01d520cd07", "filename": "files/20170830_RS20210_1c420bfd15647ecc3bfb04b405bb0d01d520cd07.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4765, "name": "Trade Agreements & WTO" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4865, "name": "Import Policy" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 455502, "date": "2016-09-01", "retrieved": "2016-10-17T19:31:42.331432", "title": "Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms", "summary": "As Congress considers possible legislation to implement the proposed Trans-Pacific Partnership agreement (TPP), the potential impact of TPP on U.S. workers and firms is part of the debate. The Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) programs were first authorized by Congress in the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 to help workers and firms adapt to import competition and dislocation caused by trade liberalization. While trade liberalization may increase the overall economic welfare of all the affected trade partners, it can also cause adjustment problems for firms and workers facing import competition, and adjustment assistance has long been justified on the grounds that it is the least disruptive option for offsetting policy-driven trade liberalization. The TAA programs for workers, firms, and farmers represent an alternative to policies that would restrict imports, providing assistance while bolstering freer trade and diminishing prospects for potentially costly tension (retaliation) among trade partners. \nThis report discusses the Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms (TAAF) program, which is administered by the U.S. Department of Commerce Economic Development Administration (EDA), and related policy issues. Most recently, reauthorization of TAA was linked to renewal of Trade Promotion Authority (TPA). Both TPA (P.L. 114-26 ) and TAA (P.L. 114-27) were signed into law in June 2015. The renewed TAA not only extended TAAF but reinstated certain expanded provisions and authorized annual funding. \nTAAF provides technical assistance to help trade-impacted firms make strategic adjustments to improve their global competitiveness. Under TAAF, a firm first submits a petition to demonstrate its eligibility, then works with TAAF professionals to develop and submit, and finally implement, a business recovery plan.\nAs required by the Trade and Globalization Adjustment Assistance Act of 2009 (TGAAA) (Title II of P.L. 111-5), EDA publishes annual reports on the performance of the TAAF program. The reports have generally shown that two years after completion of the program, on average, participating firms have increased sales, employment, and productivity. The high success rate for firms that \u201ccompleted\u201d the TAAF program represents only about half of all firms certified as eligible for assistance. The rest left the program without completing an adjustment plan and were no longer monitored. The Government Accountability Office (GAO) completed a comprehensive evaluation of the TAAF program in 2012 and found marked improvement in EDA\u2019s administration and evaluation efforts and also confirmed EDA\u2019s assessment that trade-impacted firms benefitted from the specialized attention provided by TAAF assistance. GAO also found a \u201csmall and statistically significant relationship between program participation and sales,\u201d which was particularly relevant to smaller firms, albeit also highly correlated with firms operating in high-growth industries. Employment effects were not found to be statistically significant.\nSince the 1990s, debates over trade liberalization have increasingly focused on the changing nature of trade in an era of globalization\u2014especially the emergence of global value chains (GVCs) and the evolving digital economy. GVCs are organized and coordinated by multinational companies (MNCs) and now account for about 70% of global trade in goods and services and capital goods. GVCs offer the potential for small- and medium-size firms to become more integrated into international trade and produce higher-value-added products. One question is whether EDA, through the TAAF program, can help trade-impacted firms in developing stronger relationships with MNCs and GVCs. Another is how EDA can help small and medium enterprises take advantage of the digital economy to reach new markets, including those opened up by trade agreements. Congress may consider these questions as well as further reforms or amendments to TAAF as part of ongoing discussions on potential trade agreements.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS20210", "sha1": "92e787d20d2f5e48e09570de45c9d7d744a7b58c", "filename": "files/20160901_RS20210_92e787d20d2f5e48e09570de45c9d7d744a7b58c.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS20210", "sha1": "e59aafba75a7bc8e9bad50669fe5a93c9bbbad84", "filename": "files/20160901_RS20210_e59aafba75a7bc8e9bad50669fe5a93c9bbbad84.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4765, "name": "Trade Agreements & WTO" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4865, "name": "Import Policy" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 445169, "date": "2015-01-30", "retrieved": "2016-04-06T19:34:18.487617", "title": "Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms: Economic, Program, and Policy Issues", "summary": "The Trade Adjustment Assistance (TAA) programs were authorized by Congress in the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 to help workers and firms adjust to import competition and dislocation caused by trade liberalization. Trade liberalization, which is widely held to increase the economic welfare of all trade partners, can also cause adjustment problems for import-competing firms and workers. TAA has long been justified on grounds that TAA may be the least disruptive option for offsetting policy-driven trade liberalization. The TAA programs for workers, firms, and farmers represent an alternative to policies that would restrict imports, and so provide assistance while bolstering freer trade and diminishing prospects for potentially costly tension (retaliation) among trade partners. \nSince the 1990s, debates over trade liberalization have increasingly focused on the changing nature of trade in an era of globalization\u2014especially the emergence of global value chains (GVCs). GVCs are organized and coordinated by multinational companies (MNCs) and now account for about 70% of global trade in goods and services and capital goods. Numerous studies and statistical data show that GVCs offer the potential for small- and medium-size firms to become more integrated into international trade and produce higher value-added products. Although many small- and medium-size enterprises (or SMEs) have built strong ties to large U.S. exporters, a potential question is whether the Economic Development Administration (EDA) of the U.S. Department of Commerce, through the Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms (TAAF) program, could assist trade-impacted firms in developing relationships with MNCs, as well as analyzing the necessary conditions that would allow TAAF-participating firms to have a realistic chance to do so.\nThis report discusses the TAAF program and policy issues, as well as legislation to reauthorize the TAAF program. It provides technical assistance to help trade-impacted firms make strategic adjustments to improve their global competitiveness. In the 113th Congress, House and Senate bills were introduced, but not acted upon, and the TAAF authorization expired December 31, 2014. However, the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2015 (P.L. 113-235) extended TAAF appropriations through December 31, 2015. President Obama has supported passage of TAA reauthorization, linking it to renewal of Trade Promotion Authorization (TPA).\nAs required by the Trade and Globalization Adjustment Assistance Act of 2009 (TGAAA) (Title II of P.L. 111-5), EDA publishes annual reports on the performance of the TAAF program. The reports have generally shown that two years after completion of the program, on average, participating firms have increased sales, employment, and productivity. The high success rate for firms that \u201ccompleted\u201d the TAAF program represents only about half of all firms certified as eligible for assistance. The rest left the program without completing an adjustment plan and were no longer monitored. The Government Accountability Office (GAO), which completed a comprehensive evaluation of the TAAF program in 2012, found that EDA\u2019s administration and evaluation efforts had improved markedly and also confirmed EDA\u2019s assessment that trade-impacted firms benefitted from the specialized attention provided by TAAF assistance. GAO found a \u201csmall and statistically significant relationship between program participation and sales,\u201d which was particularly relevant to smaller firms, albeit also highly correlated with firms operating in high-growth industries. Employment effects were not found to be statistically significant.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS20210", "sha1": "5bb504ad9511388e3465f43843be48852848a53a", "filename": "files/20150130_RS20210_5bb504ad9511388e3465f43843be48852848a53a.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS20210", "sha1": "3c9db44166fb53c957d4d457540c5ef426d45be9", "filename": "files/20150130_RS20210_3c9db44166fb53c957d4d457540c5ef426d45be9.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 365, "name": "U.S. and International Trade Agreements" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc462974/", "id": "RS20210_2014Aug04", "date": "2014-08-04", "retrieved": "2014-12-05T09:57:41", "title": "Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms: Economic, Program, and Policy Issues", "summary": "This report discusses the Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms (TAAF) program and policy issues, as well as legislation to reauthorize the TAAF program. It provides technical assistance to help trade-impacted firms make strategic adjustments to improve their global competitiveness.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20140804_RS20210_a27b91db27eed9285ec943788b08ebf1a02cffb2.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20140804_RS20210_a27b91db27eed9285ec943788b08ebf1a02cffb2.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Trade", "name": "Trade" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Industries", "name": "Industries" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Trade adjustment assistance", "name": "Trade adjustment assistance" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Business", "name": "Business" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc462841/", "id": "RS20210_2013Jan28", "date": "2013-01-28", "retrieved": "2014-12-05T09:57:41", "title": "Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms: Economic, Program, and Policy Issues", "summary": "This report discusses the Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms (TAAF) program, which provides technical assistance to trade affected firms to help them develop strategies to remain competitive in a dynamic international economy.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20130128_RS20210_75ab2cefca9fee49eac1e8f38448c9353414c400.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20130128_RS20210_75ab2cefca9fee49eac1e8f38448c9353414c400.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Trade", "name": "Trade" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Industries", "name": "Industries" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Trade adjustment assistance", "name": "Trade adjustment assistance" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Business", "name": "Business" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc820811/", "id": "RS20210_2012Jan27", "date": "2012-01-27", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms: Economic, Program, and Policy Issues", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20120127_RS20210_ab91f9d2016bb44f8ceb539d6d977dd440a94c2d.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20120127_RS20210_ab91f9d2016bb44f8ceb539d6d977dd440a94c2d.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc815115/", "id": "RS20210_2011Sep30", "date": "2011-09-30", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms: Economic, Program, and Policy Issues", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20110930_RS20210_37f7f8df40da510102e520f7e388d7c3040f5ba8.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20110930_RS20210_37f7f8df40da510102e520f7e388d7c3040f5ba8.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc87360/", "id": "RS20210_2011Aug19", "date": "2011-08-19", "retrieved": "2012-07-03T07:51:21", "title": "Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms: Economic, Program, and Policy Issues", "summary": "As global economic competition heightens, many firms and workers face difficult adjustment problems. Congress has responded to these adjustment costs by authorizing four trade adjustment assistance (TAA) programs to assist trade-impacted workers, firms, farmers, and communities. This report discusses the TAA program for firms (TAAF). The TAAF program provides technical assistance to trade-affected firms to help them develop strategies and make other adjustments to remain competitive in the changing international economy.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20110819_RS20210_d44aa2cbea52daa4adeebdd103a9f0ff425db18a.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20110819_RS20210_d44aa2cbea52daa4adeebdd103a9f0ff425db18a.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Trade", "name": "Trade" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Industries", "name": "Industries" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Trade adjustment assistance", "name": "Trade adjustment assistance" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Business", "name": "Business" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc33080/", "id": "RS20210_2011Feb14", "date": "2011-02-14", "retrieved": "2011-04-28T13:31:19", "title": "Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms: Economic, Program, and Policy Issues", "summary": "As global economic competition heightens, many firms and workers face difficult adjustment problems. Congress has responded to these adjustment costs by authorizing four trade adjustment assistance (TAA) programs to assist trade-impacted workers, firms, farmers, and communities. This report discusses the TAA program for firms (TAAF). The TAAF program provides technical assistance to trade-affected firms to help them develop strategies and make other adjustments to remain competitive in the changing international economy.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20110214_RS20210_2c3ee5ff33ddbddde1d50d2113c49bb0b1e87f58.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20110214_RS20210_2c3ee5ff33ddbddde1d50d2113c49bb0b1e87f58.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Trade", "name": "Trade" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Industries", "name": "Industries" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Trade adjustment assistance", "name": "Trade adjustment assistance" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Business", "name": "Business" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc700835/", "id": "RS20210_2009Mar06", "date": "2009-03-06", "retrieved": "2015-08-27T16:20:31", "title": "Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms: Economic, Program, and Policy Issues", "summary": "This report discusses the trade adjustment assistance (TAA) for Firms program, which provides technical assistance to trade-affected firms to help them develop strategies to remain competitive in the changing international economy.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20090306_RS20210_1e4c2a4483859b45bb67801bfcd4164b73a42a29.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20090306_RS20210_1e4c2a4483859b45bb67801bfcd4164b73a42a29.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Trade", "name": "Trade" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Industries", "name": "Industries" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Trade adjustment assistance", "name": "Trade adjustment assistance" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Business", "name": "Business" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc818388/", "id": "RS20210_2009Jan05", "date": "2009-01-05", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms: Economic, Program, and Policy Issues", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20090105_RS20210_1dd5a16d904712a27eb3d7cb520b8c77df72f111.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20090105_RS20210_1dd5a16d904712a27eb3d7cb520b8c77df72f111.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc816410/", "id": "RS20210_2008May06", "date": "2008-05-06", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms: Economic, Program, and Policy Issues", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20080506_RS20210_d25e2b5c5be4a4d7cb56aa66bc10c72d0a133eb0.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20080506_RS20210_d25e2b5c5be4a4d7cb56aa66bc10c72d0a133eb0.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc817600/", "id": "RS20210_2007Aug10", "date": "2007-08-10", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms: Economic, Program, and Policy Issues", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20070810_RS20210_7759200e861ec9d912e217d5592f6c64d1b67f45.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20070810_RS20210_7759200e861ec9d912e217d5592f6c64d1b67f45.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc805989/", "id": "RS20210_2007Jan29", "date": "2007-01-29", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms: Economic, Program, and Policy Issues", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20070129_RS20210_dc96caf083db6121bb6c84919e962c6e38b81b50.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20070129_RS20210_dc96caf083db6121bb6c84919e962c6e38b81b50.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc811503/", "id": "RS20210_2005Mar10", "date": "2005-03-10", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms: Economic, Program, and Policy Issues", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20050310_RS20210_a5bb9dc8224b169bc7face243cdb43cedc84f050.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20050310_RS20210_a5bb9dc8224b169bc7face243cdb43cedc84f050.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3553/", "id": "RS20210 2002-08-09", "date": "2002-08-09", "retrieved": "2005-06-12T12:32:31", "title": "Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms: Economic, Program, and Policy Issues", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20020809_RS20210_26b9834377bb669887556a1319217d6bc5b772ba.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20020809_RS20210_26b9834377bb669887556a1319217d6bc5b772ba.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Trade", "name": "Trade" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Industries", "name": "Industries" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Trade adjustment assistance", "name": "Trade adjustment assistance" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Business", "name": "Business" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs3552/", "id": "RS20210 2002-04-02", "date": "2002-04-02", "retrieved": "2005-06-12T12:31:43", "title": "Trade Adjustment Assistance for Firms: Economic, Program, and Policy Issues", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20020402_RS20210_e4253120673049b8b69183cd4d710e139dbc6a3e.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20020402_RS20210_e4253120673049b8b69183cd4d710e139dbc6a3e.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Trade", "name": "Trade" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Industries", "name": "Industries" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Trade adjustment assistance", "name": "Trade adjustment assistance" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Business", "name": "Business" } ] } ], "topics": [ "Economic Policy", "Foreign Affairs", "Industry and Trade" ] }