{ "id": "RS21118", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "number": "RS21118", "active": true, "source": "EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "versions": [ { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 462326, "date": "2017-06-29", "retrieved": "2017-08-22T14:04:14.691192", "title": "U.S. Direct Investment Abroad: Trends and Current Issues", "summary": "The United States is the largest direct investor abroad and the largest recipient of foreign direct investment in the world. For some Americans, the national gains attributed to investing overseas are offset by such perceived losses as offshoring facilities, displacing U.S. workers, and lowering wages. Some observers believe U.S. firms invest abroad to avoid U.S. labor unions or high U.S. wages, but 74% of the accumulated U.S. foreign direct investment is concentrated in high-income developed countries. In recent years, the share of investment going to developing countries has fallen. Most economists argue that there is no conclusive evidence that direct investment abroad as a whole leads to fewer jobs or lower incomes overall for Americans. Instead, they argue that the majority of jobs lost among U.S. manufacturing firms over the past decade reflect a broad restructuring of U.S. manufacturing industries responding primarily to domestic economic forces. \nIn recent Congresses, Members have introduced a number of measures that would affect U.S. multinational companies in their foreign investment activities. In the 115th Congress, H.R. 685 and S. 247 (Bring Jobs Home Act) would provide certain tax exemptions to U.S. multinational firms to induce them to redirect economic activity from a foreign subsidiary to a domestic U.S. operation. In the 114th Congress, Members also introduced similar measures, including H.R. 297, the Stop Tax Haven Abuse Act of 2015, introduced by Representative Lloyd Doggett on January 13, 2015, and companion measure S. 174, introduced by Senator Sheldon Whitehouse; and H.R. 415, the Stop Corporate Inversions Act of 2015, introduced by Representative Sander Levin on January 20, 2015, and companion measure S. 198, introduced by Senator Richard Durbin. While H.R. 415 and S. 198 are directed at tax inversions, H.R. 297 and S. 174 address a number of tax and financial issues relative to U.S. multinational firms, including the use of foreign tax havens to evade U.S. taxes; money laundering; corporate offshore tax avoidance; and corporate tax inversions.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS21118", "sha1": "90b6309794b69d5e69986810b7a3bdd750424269", "filename": "files/20170629_RS21118_90b6309794b69d5e69986810b7a3bdd750424269.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS21118_files&id=/0.png": "files/20170629_RS21118_images_3bf699f68596bf8c5e9d75af8c28383f8cd7ba19.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS21118_files&id=/6.png": "files/20170629_RS21118_images_99f09753fd273e87774d998022791ad458ad472c.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS21118_files&id=/5.png": "files/20170629_RS21118_images_d8a5ef6c8308feb70d184caef2ee24151db43d3e.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS21118_files&id=/8.png": "files/20170629_RS21118_images_781b02280ec31d75c2fd124dda27ff8ec7dc7ba4.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS21118_files&id=/4.png": "files/20170629_RS21118_images_2f2a2f60115349d573fd3e87d6e95bff24db2494.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS21118_files&id=/1.png": "files/20170629_RS21118_images_29d2d9228a01576796bdff6d7482f4e22d512eda.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS21118_files&id=/9.png": "files/20170629_RS21118_images_3f110f8af112f7da3b1fea5bb25849ea82282ebb.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS21118_files&id=/2.png": "files/20170629_RS21118_images_49b762486efff1b6864c5bd8577885b011a73a18.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS21118_files&id=/3.png": "files/20170629_RS21118_images_2ae143c07b34527150de98965b38e0e1e0e7210f.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS21118_files&id=/7.png": "files/20170629_RS21118_images_b5fff02415a70a101ebda3ab22f655500efa7c35.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS21118", "sha1": "aed4b9de12f4601f19fd89568c17197780c9a961", "filename": "files/20170629_RS21118_aed4b9de12f4601f19fd89568c17197780c9a961.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4764, "name": "Foreign Investment" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 459935, "date": "2017-03-21", "retrieved": "2017-03-29T20:05:19.656696", "title": "U.S. Direct Investment Abroad: Trends and Current Issues", "summary": "The United States is the largest investor abroad and the largest recipient of direct investment in the world. For some Americans, the national gains attributed to investing overseas are offset by such perceived losses as displaced U.S. workers and lower wages. Some observers believe U.S. firms invest abroad to avoid U.S. labor unions or high U.S. wages, however, 74% of the accumulated U.S. foreign direct investment is concentrated in high income developed countries, who are members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Even more striking is the fact that the share of investment going to developing countries has fallen in recent years. Most economists conclude that direct investment abroad as a whole does not lead to fewer jobs or lower incomes overall for Americans and that the majority of jobs lost among U.S. manufacturing firms over the past decade reflect a broad restructuring of U.S. manufacturing industries responding primarily to domestic economic forces. \nIn the 115th Congress, Members introduced a number of measures that would affect U.S. multinational companies in their foreign investment activities: (1) H.R. 685 and S. 247 (Bring Jobs Home Act) that would provide certain tax exemptions to U.S. multinational firms to induce them to redirect economic activity from a foreign subsidiary to a domestic U.S. operation. In the 114th Congress, Members also introduced similar measures, including: H.R. 297, Stop Tax Haven Abuse Act of 2015, introduced by Representative Lloyd Doggett on January 13, 2015, and companion measure S. 174, introduced by Senator Sheldon Whitehouse; and H.R. 415, Stop Corporate Inversions Act of 2015, introduced by Representative Sander Levin on January 20, 2015, and companion measure S. 198, introduced by Senator Richard Durbin. While H.R. 415 and S. 198 are directed at tax inversions, H.R. 297 and S. 174 address a number of tax and financial issues relative to U.S. multinational firms, including: the use of foreign tax havens to evade U.S. taxes; money laundering; corporate offshore tax avoidance; and corporate tax inversions.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS21118", "sha1": "819ff836ef15063570e2fe72a0eb4a40451d47e5", "filename": "files/20170321_RS21118_819ff836ef15063570e2fe72a0eb4a40451d47e5.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS21118", "sha1": "02bf6d5884965ca0946e5e2e3f5a4a60e1bca27d", "filename": "files/20170321_RS21118_02bf6d5884965ca0946e5e2e3f5a4a60e1bca27d.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4764, "name": "Foreign Investment" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 442681, "date": "2015-06-30", "retrieved": "2016-04-06T18:51:41.327927", "title": "U.S. Direct Investment Abroad: Trends and Current Issues", "summary": "The United States is the largest investor abroad and the largest recipient of direct investment in the world. For some Americans, the national gains attributed to investing overseas are offset by such perceived losses as displaced U.S. workers and lower wages. Some observers believe U.S. firms invest abroad to avoid U.S. labor unions or high U.S. wages, however, 74% of the accumulated U.S. foreign direct investment is concentrated in high income developed countries, who are members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Even more striking is the fact that the share of investment going to developing countries has fallen in recent years. Most economists conclude that direct investment abroad does not lead to fewer jobs or lower incomes overall for Americans and that the majority of jobs lost among U.S. manufacturing firms over the past decade reflect a broad restructuring of U.S. manufacturing industries responding primarily to domestic economic forces. \nIn the 113th Congress, Members introduced a number of measures that would affect U.S. multinational companies in their foreign investment activities: (1) H.R. 851, S. 337, S. 2562, and S. 2569 (Bring Jobs Home Act) that would provide certain tax exemptions to U.S. multinational firms to induce them to redirect economic activity from a foreign subsidiary to a domestic U.S. operation; and (2) H.R. 4679, H.R. 4895, S. 2360 (Stop Corporate Inversions Act) to discourage U.S. firms from incorporating themselves overseas to avoid being taxed on their foreign income by merging with or acquiring a company in a low-tax jurisdiction, termed an inversion. In the 114th Congress, Members also introduced similar measures, including: H.R. 297, Stop Tax Haven Abuse Act of 2015, introduced by Representative Lloyd Doggett on January 13, 2015, and companion measure S. 174, introduced by Senator Sheldon Whitehouse; and H.R. 415, Stop Corporate Inversions Act of 2015, introduced by Representative Sander Levin on January 20, 2015, and companion measure S. 198, introduced by Senator Richard Durbin. While H.R. 415 and S. 198 are directed at tax inversions, H.R. 297 and S. 174 address a number of tax and financial issues relative to U.S. multinational firms, including: the use of foreign tax havens to evade U.S. taxes; money laundering; corporate offshore tax avoidance; and corporate tax inversions.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS21118", "sha1": "81f96e42a1c6f225def9a4b4da76b918cf67db03", "filename": "files/20150630_RS21118_81f96e42a1c6f225def9a4b4da76b918cf67db03.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS21118", "sha1": "317dcb2171517183b7b4851514f062ed62c7ca6a", "filename": "files/20150630_RS21118_317dcb2171517183b7b4851514f062ed62c7ca6a.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 2586, "name": "Foreign Investment and Outsourcing" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc272120/", "id": "RS21118_2013Dec11", "date": "2013-12-11", "retrieved": "2014-02-03T19:46:03", "title": "U.S. Direct Investment Abroad: Trends and Current Issues", "summary": "This report discusses issues regarding foreign investments and how that can affect the U.S.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20131211_RS21118_94061601b00bf5f6b0bce0bdaf150f2e752138fe.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20131211_RS21118_94061601b00bf5f6b0bce0bdaf150f2e752138fe.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Investments", "name": "Investments" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign investments", "name": "Foreign investments" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Finance", "name": "Finance" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc272121/", "id": "RS21118_2013May17", "date": "2013-05-17", "retrieved": "2014-02-03T19:46:03", "title": "U.S. Direct Investment Abroad: Trends and Current Issues", "summary": "This report provides a brief overview of how foreign investments can affect the U.S.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20130517_RS21118_259ca451c8f048e1f3fad9e3b66af1e1e8dcaf95.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20130517_RS21118_259ca451c8f048e1f3fad9e3b66af1e1e8dcaf95.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Investments", "name": "Investments" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Finance", "name": "Finance" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign investments", "name": "Foreign investments" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc228106/", "id": "RS21118_2012Oct26", "date": "2012-10-26", "retrieved": "2013-11-05T18:07:05", "title": "U.S. Direct Investment Abroad: Trends and Current Issues", "summary": "Report that provides a brief overview of how foreign investments can affect the U.S.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20121026_RS21118_7191ad2ffa1a12382dea64a8c394beee345d349e.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20121026_RS21118_7191ad2ffa1a12382dea64a8c394beee345d349e.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Investments", "name": "Investments" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Finance", "name": "Finance" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign investments", "name": "Foreign investments" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc84103/", "id": "RS21118_2011Feb01", "date": "2011-02-01", "retrieved": "2012-04-27T15:49:45", "title": "U.S. Direct Investment Abroad: Trends and Current Issues", "summary": "The United States is the largest investor abroad and the largest recipient of direct investment in the world. Some observers believe U.S. firms invest abroad to avoid U.S. labor unions or high U.S. wages, however, 70% of U.S. foreign direct investment is concentrated in high income developed countries. Even more striking is the fact that the share of investment going to developing countries has fallen in recent years. Most economists conclude that direct investment abroad does not lead to fewer jobs or lower incomes overall for Americans and that the majority of jobs lost among U.S. manufacturing firms over the past decade reflect a broad restructuring of U.S. manufacturing industries.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20110201_RS21118_70d63e6852b3de85afb4baa0d6050c6f3070f2d5.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20110201_RS21118_70d63e6852b3de85afb4baa0d6050c6f3070f2d5.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "investments", "name": "investments" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "finance", "name": "finance" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "International finance", "name": "International finance" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign investments", "name": "Foreign investments" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign economic relations - U.S.", "name": "Foreign economic relations - U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "trade", "name": "trade" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign trade", "name": "Foreign trade" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc491115/", "id": "RS21118_2010Jul28", "date": "2010-07-28", "retrieved": "2015-01-27T19:40:46", "title": "U.S. Direct Investment Abroad: Trends and Current Issues", "summary": "The United States is the largest investor abroad and the largest recipient of direct investment in the world. This report discusses pertinent issues regarding foreign investments and their effects on the U.S.'s economy.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20100728_RS21118_63f1033e86fcd99f2684a7c3bf0f62c6751169f6.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20100728_RS21118_63f1033e86fcd99f2684a7c3bf0f62c6751169f6.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Investments", "name": "Investments" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign investments", "name": "Foreign investments" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Finance", "name": "Finance" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc626929/", "id": "RS21118_2009Nov05", "date": "2009-11-05", "retrieved": "2015-06-15T14:46:40", "title": "U.S. Direct Investment Abroad: Trends and Current Issues", "summary": "The United States is the largest investor abroad and the largest recipient of direct investment in the world. This report discusses pertinent issues regarding foreign investments and their effects on the U.S. economy.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20091105_RS21118_364bb02769fa77da962cdbc6d4ce6ca3b044c324.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20091105_RS21118_364bb02769fa77da962cdbc6d4ce6ca3b044c324.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Investments", "name": "Investments" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign investments", "name": "Foreign investments" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Finance", "name": "Finance" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10574/", "id": "RS21118_2008Aug15", "date": "2008-08-15", "retrieved": "2008-12-11T20:31:25", "title": "U.S. Direct Investment Abroad: Trends and Current Issues", "summary": "The United States is the largest investor abroad and the largest recipient of direct investment in the world. Some observers believe U.S. firms invest abroad to avoid U.S. labor unions or high U.S. wages, however, 70% of U.S. foreign direct investment is concentrated in high income developed countries. Even more striking is the fact that the share of investment going to developing countries has fallen in recent years. Most economists conclude that direct investment abroad does not lead to fewer jobs or lower incomes overall for Americans and that the majority of jobs lost among U.S. manufacturing firms over the past decade reflect a broad restructuring of U.S. manufacturing industries.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20080815_RS21118_c0de6d080a454e0d8b43d1da961e24241120c750.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20080815_RS21118_c0de6d080a454e0d8b43d1da961e24241120c750.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "International finance", "name": "International finance" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Investments", "name": "Investments" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Finance", "name": "Finance" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign investments", "name": "Foreign investments" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Trade", "name": "Trade" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign economic relations - U.S.", "name": "Foreign economic relations - U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10174/", "id": "RS21118 2007-01-19", "date": "2007-01-19", "retrieved": "2007-06-20T14:37:43", "title": "U.S. Direct Investment Abroad: Trends and Current Issues", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20070119_RS21118_175dd82218a4b4f28529f8442529be74c7b55739.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20070119_RS21118_175dd82218a4b4f28529f8442529be74c7b55739.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "International finance", "name": "International finance" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9018/", "id": "RS21118 2006-04-26", "date": "2006-04-26", "retrieved": "2006-07-03T15:13:06", "title": "U.S. Direct Investment Abroad: Trends and Current Issues", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20060426_RS21118_ce8a0b75aee4ba33080fcd2cad97a7a3a1b3e313.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20060426_RS21118_ce8a0b75aee4ba33080fcd2cad97a7a3a1b3e313.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "International finance", "name": "International finance" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "American investments", "name": "American investments" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6712/", "id": "RS21118 2005-04-29", "date": "2005-04-29", "retrieved": "2005-08-03T12:07:39", "title": "U.S. Direct Investment Abroad: Trends and Current Issues", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20050429_RS21118_a8f6b7929b95747a821b50cfbec76be0cf24bba1.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20050429_RS21118_a8f6b7929b95747a821b50cfbec76be0cf24bba1.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "International finance", "name": "International finance" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "American investments", "name": "American investments" } ] } ], "topics": [ "Foreign Affairs", "Industry and Trade" ] }