{ "id": "RS21333", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "number": "RS21333", "active": true, "source": "EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "versions": [ { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 617845, "date": "2019-03-08", "retrieved": "2020-02-25T23:19:30.394542", "title": "Northern Ireland Peace Process: Background and Challenges", "summary": "Between 1969 and 1999, almost 3,500 people died as a result of political violence in Northern Ireland, which is one of four component \u201cnations\u201d of the United Kingdom (UK). The conflict, often referred to as \u201cthe Troubles,\u201d has its origins in the 1921 division of Ireland and has reflected a struggle between different national, cultural, and religious identities. Protestants in Northern Ireland (48%) largely define themselves as British and support remaining part of the UK (unionists). Most Catholics in Northern Ireland (45%) consider themselves Irish, and many desire a united Ireland (nationalists). \nOn April 10, 1998, the UK and Irish governments and key Northern Ireland political parties reached a negotiated political settlement. The resulting Good Friday Agreement (also known as the Belfast Agreement) recognized the \u201cconsent principle\u201d (i.e., a change in Northern Ireland\u2019s status can come about only with the consent of a majority of its people). It called for devolved government\u2014the transfer of power from London to Belfast\u2014with a Northern Ireland Assembly and Executive Committee in which unionist and nationalist parties would share power; it also contained provisions on decommissioning (disarmament) of paramilitary weapons, policing, human rights, UK security normalization (demilitarization), and the status of prisoners.\nDespite a much-improved security situation since 1998, full implementation of the peace accord has been challenging. For many years, decommissioning and police reforms were key sticking points that generated instability in the devolved government. In 2007, however, the hard-line Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) and Sinn Fein, the associated political party of the Irish Republican Army (IRA), reached a landmark power-sharing deal.\nAlthough many analysts view implementation of the most important aspects of the Good Friday Agreement as having been completed, tensions remain in Northern Ireland and distrust persists between the unionist and nationalist communities and their respective political parties. In January 2017, the devolved government led by the DUP and Sinn Fein collapsed, prompting snap Assembly elections in March 2017. Amid a renewable energy scandal involving DUP leader Arlene Foster and unease in much of Northern Ireland about \u201cBrexit\u201d\u2014the UK\u2019s expected exit from the European Union (EU)\u2014Sinn Fein made significant electoral gains. Negotiations to form a new power-sharing government have been unsuccessful to date.\nNorthern Ireland continues to face a number of broader challenges in its search for peace and reconciliation. These challenges include reducing sectarian strife, fully grappling with Northern Ireland\u2019s legacy of violence (often termed dealing with the past); addressing lingering concerns about paramilitary and dissident activity; and promoting further economic development. Brexit also may have significant political and economic repercussions for Northern Ireland. The future of the border between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland was a central issue in the UK\u2019s withdrawal negotiations with the EU and has posed a key stumbling block to approving the withdrawal agreement in the UK Parliament. Brexit also has renewed questions about Northern Ireland\u2019s status within the UK in the longer term.\nSuccessive U.S. Administrations and many Members of Congress have actively supported the Northern Ireland peace process. For decades, the United States provided development aid through the International Fund for Ireland (IFI). In recent years, congressional hearings have focused on the peace process, police reforms, and the status of public inquiries into several murders in Northern Ireland in which collusion between the security forces and paramilitary groups is suspected. Such issues may continue to be of interest in the 116th Congress.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS21333", "sha1": "c1f891615377072d2875ddb88f9543202b329a9c", "filename": "files/20190308_RS21333_c1f891615377072d2875ddb88f9543202b329a9c.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS21333_files&id=/0.png": "files/20190308_RS21333_images_999fdbdcc57e704587439b3b44ca687a8855f15a.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS21333", "sha1": "f2e534b434005257408a8ec8c6e205d1749991c4", "filename": "files/20190308_RS21333_f2e534b434005257408a8ec8c6e205d1749991c4.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4786, "name": "Europe, Russia, & Eurasia" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 585148, "date": "2018-03-12", "retrieved": "2018-10-06T00:32:39.978004", "title": "Northern Ireland: Current Issues and Ongoing Challenges in the Peace Process", "summary": "Between 1969 and 1999, almost 3,500 people died as a result of political violence in Northern Ireland, which is one of four component \u201cnations\u201d of the United Kingdom (UK). The conflict, often referred to as \u201cthe Troubles,\u201d has its origins in the 1921 division of Ireland and has reflected a struggle between different national, cultural, and religious identities. Protestants in Northern Ireland (48%) largely define themselves as British and support remaining part of the UK (unionists). Most Catholics in Northern Ireland (45%) consider themselves Irish, and many desire a united Ireland (nationalists). \nOn April 10, 1998, the two governments and the Northern Ireland political parties participating in peace talks reached a political settlement. The resulting Good Friday Agreement (also known as the Belfast Agreement) recognized the \u201cconsent principle\u201d (i.e., a change in Northern Ireland\u2019s status can come about only with the consent of a majority of its people). It called for devolved government\u2014the transfer of power from London to Belfast\u2014with a Northern Ireland Assembly and Executive Committee in which unionist and nationalist parties would share power; it also contained provisions on decommissioning (disarmament) of paramilitary weapons, policing, human rights, UK security normalization (demilitarization), and the status of prisoners.\nDespite a much-improved security situation since 1998, full implementation of the peace accord has been challenging. For years, instability in the devolved government was the rule rather than the exception. Decommissioning and police reforms were key sticking points. In 2007, however, the hard-line Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) and Sinn Fein, the associated political party of the Irish Republican Army (IRA), reached a power-sharing deal. Since then, they have led successive devolved governments. The DUP and Sinn Fein also reached agreement in 2010 to resolve the controversial issue of devolving police and justice affairs from London to Belfast.\nAlthough many analysts view implementation of the most important aspects of the Good Friday Agreement as having been completed, tensions remain in Northern Ireland and within the devolved government. Several events over the past few years\u2014including a crisis over implementing welfare reform and the 2015 arrest of a Sinn Fein leader in connection with the murder of a former IRA member\u2014have highlighted the fragility of relations between the unionist and nationalist communities and have periodically threatened the stability of the devolved government. In January 2017, the devolved government led by the DUP and Sinn Fein collapsed, prompting snap Assembly elections in March 2017. Amid a renewable energy scandal involving DUP leader Arlene Foster and unease in much of Northern Ireland about \u201cBrexit\u201d\u2014the UK\u2019s expected exit from the European Union (EU)\u2014Sinn Fein made significant electoral gains. Negotiations to form a new power-sharing government have been unsuccessful to date.\nNorthern Ireland continues to face a number of broader challenges in its search for peace and reconciliation. These challenges include reducing sectarian strife, fully grappling with Northern Ireland\u2019s legacy of violence (often termed \u201cdealing with the past\u201d); addressing lingering concerns about paramilitary and dissident activity; and promoting further economic development. Brexit also may have significant political and economic repercussions for Northern Ireland and has renewed questions about Northern Ireland\u2019s status within the UK in the longer term.\nSuccessive U.S. Administrations and many Members of Congress have actively supported the Northern Ireland peace process. For decades, the United States provided development aid through the International Fund for Ireland (IFI). In recent years, congressional hearings have focused on the peace process, police reforms, and the status of public inquiries into several murders in Northern Ireland in which collusion between the security forces and paramilitary groups is suspected. Such issues may continue to be of interest in the 115th Congress.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS21333", "sha1": "b345de2fb5b2516377982841f29575b6d876aa0d", "filename": "files/20180312_RS21333_b345de2fb5b2516377982841f29575b6d876aa0d.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS21333_files&id=/0.png": "files/20180312_RS21333_images_999fdbdcc57e704587439b3b44ca687a8855f15a.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS21333", "sha1": "ccf4201a91a05736cd801fdc3b994fdab43334ec", "filename": "files/20180312_RS21333_ccf4201a91a05736cd801fdc3b994fdab43334ec.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4786, "name": "Europe, Russia, & Eurasia" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 459690, "date": "2017-03-14", "retrieved": "2017-03-22T18:28:19.999399", "title": "Northern Ireland: Current Issues and Ongoing Challenges in the Peace Process", "summary": "Between 1969 and 1999, almost 3,500 people died as a result of political violence in Northern Ireland, which is one of four component \u201cnations\u201d of the United Kingdom (UK). The conflict, often referred to as \u201cthe Troubles,\u201d has its origins in the 1921 division of Ireland and has reflected a struggle between different national, cultural, and religious identities. Protestants in Northern Ireland (48%) largely define themselves as British and support remaining part of the UK (unionists). Most Catholics in Northern Ireland (45%) consider themselves Irish, and many desire a united Ireland (nationalists). \nOn April 10, 1998, the two governments and the Northern Ireland political parties participating in peace talks reached a political settlement. The resulting Good Friday Agreement (also known as the Belfast Agreement) recognized the \u201cconsent principle\u201d (i.e., a change in Northern Ireland\u2019s status can come about only with the consent of a majority of its people). It called for devolved government\u2014the transfer of power from London to Belfast\u2014with a Northern Ireland Assembly and Executive Committee in which unionist and nationalist parties would share power; it also contained provisions on decommissioning (disarmament) of paramilitary weapons, policing, human rights, UK security normalization (demilitarization), and the status of prisoners.\nDespite a much-improved security situation since 1998, full implementation of the peace accord has been challenging. For years, instability in the devolved government was the rule rather than the exception. Decommissioning and police reforms were key sticking points. In 2007, however, the hard-line Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) and Sinn Fein, the associated political party of the Irish Republican Army (IRA), reached a power-sharing deal. Since then, they have led successive devolved governments. The DUP and Sinn Fein also reached agreement in 2010 to resolve the controversial issue of devolving police and justice affairs from London to Belfast.\nAlthough many analysts view implementation of the most important aspects of the Good Friday Agreement as having been completed, tensions remain in Northern Ireland and within the devolved government. Several events over the last few years\u2014including a crisis over implementing welfare reform and the 2015 arrest of a Sinn Fein leader in connection with the murder of a former IRA member\u2014have highlighted the fragility of relations between the unionist and nationalist communities and have periodically threatened the stability of the devolved government. In January 2017, the devolved government led by the DUP and Sinn Fein collapsed, prompting snap Assembly elections on March 2. Amid a renewable energy scandal involving DUP leader Arlene Foster and unease in much of Northern Ireland about \u201cBrexit\u201d\u2014the UK\u2019s expected exit from the European Union (EU)\u2014Sinn Fein made significant electoral gains. Negotiations to form a new power-sharing government are ongoing but contentious.\nNorthern Ireland continues to face a number of broader challenges in its search for peace and reconciliation. These challenges include reducing sectarian strife, fully grappling with Northern Ireland\u2019s legacy of violence (often termed \u201cdealing with the past\u201d); addressing lingering concerns about paramilitary and dissident activity; and promoting further economic development. Brexit also may have significant political and economic repercussions for Northern Ireland and has renewed questions about Northern Ireland\u2019s status within the UK in the longer term.\nSuccessive U.S. Administrations and many Members of Congress have actively supported the Northern Ireland peace process. For decades, the United States provided development aid through the International Fund for Ireland (IFI). In recent years, congressional hearings have focused on the peace process, police reforms, and the status of public inquiries into several murders in Northern Ireland in which collusion between the security forces and paramilitary groups is suspected. Such issues may continue to be of interest in the 115th Congress.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS21333", "sha1": "b304179aa7e3521038f771a926ae14cfeaed04da", "filename": "files/20170314_RS21333_b304179aa7e3521038f771a926ae14cfeaed04da.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS21333", "sha1": "f065e10fd419dc2e9f85ad9dee324ddaf59372af", "filename": "files/20170314_RS21333_f065e10fd419dc2e9f85ad9dee324ddaf59372af.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4786, "name": "Europe, Russia, & Eurasia" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 450570, "date": "2016-03-08", "retrieved": "2016-03-24T16:58:04.791492", "title": "Northern Ireland: The Peace Process", "summary": "Between 1969 and 1999, almost 3,500 people died as a result of political violence in Northern Ireland, which is a part of the United Kingdom (UK). The conflict, which has its origins in the 1921 division of Ireland and is often referred to as \u201cthe Troubles,\u201d has reflected a struggle between different national, cultural, and religious identities. Protestants in Northern Ireland (48%) largely define themselves as British and support continued incorporation in the UK (unionists). Most Catholics in Northern Ireland (45%) consider themselves Irish, and many desire a united Ireland (nationalists).\nFor years, the British and Irish governments sought to facilitate a political settlement. After many ups and downs, the two governments and the Northern Ireland political parties participating in the peace talks announced an agreement on April 10, 1998. The resulting Good Friday Agreement (also known as the Belfast Agreement) recognized the \u201cconsent principle\u201d (i.e., a change in Northern Ireland\u2019s status can come about only with the consent of a majority of its people). It called for devolved government\u2014the transfer of power from London to Belfast\u2014with a Northern Ireland Assembly and Executive Committee in which unionist and nationalist parties would share power, and it contained provisions on decommissioning (disarmament) of paramilitary weapons, policing, human rights, UK security normalization (demilitarization), and the status of prisoners.\nDespite a much-improved security situation since the agreement was reached, full implementation of the Good Friday Agreement has been challenging. For years, instability in Northern Ireland\u2019s devolved government was the rule rather than the exception. Amid a lack of trust and confidence on both sides of the conflict, decommissioning and police reforms were key sticking points. \nIn May 2007, Northern Ireland\u2019s devolved political institutions were restored after a nearly five-year suspension through a power-sharing deal between the hardline Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) and Sinn Fein, the associated political party of the Irish Republican Army (IRA). The DUP and Sinn Fein have been the largest unionist and nationalist parties, respectively, in Northern Ireland since 2003, and have long been viewed as the two most polarized forces in Northern Ireland politics. The DUP and Sinn Fein also reached agreement in 2010 to resolve the outstanding and controversial issue of devolving police and justice affairs from London to Belfast.\nAlthough many analysts view the implementation of the most important aspects of the Good Friday Agreement as having been completed, tensions remain within the devolved government and between the unionist and nationalist communities more broadly. Several events in 2014 and 2015\u2014including the crisis over implementing welfare reform and the arrest of a Sinn Fein leader in connection with the murder of a former IRA member\u2014have highlighted the fragility of relations between the unionist and nationalist communities and renewed concerns about the stability of the devolved government. Intertwined in many of the latest controversies are broader issues in Northern Ireland\u2019s search for peace and reconciliation, which include\nReducing sectarian strife and resolving differences over parading, protests, and the use of flags and emblems;\nFully grappling with Northern Ireland\u2019s legacy of violence (often termed \u201cdealing with the past\u201d);\nAddressing lingering concerns about paramilitary and dissident activity; and\nPromoting further economic development.\nThe Northern Ireland political parties and the British and Irish governments have made several attempts to address such long-standing challenges, most recently through the Fresh Start Agreement concluded in November 2015. Elections for the next Assembly are due in May 2016. The DUP and Sinn Fein are widely expected to remain the largest parties in the Assembly and lead the next devolved government as it seeks to fully implement the Fresh Start Agreement and resolve remaining issues in the peace process.\nSuccessive U.S. Administrations and many Members of Congress have actively supported the Northern Ireland peace process. For decades, the United States provided development aid through the International Fund for Ireland (IFI). In recent years, congressional hearings have focused on the peace process, police reforms, and the status of public inquiries into several murders in Northern Ireland in which collusion between the security forces and paramilitary groups is suspected. Such issues may continue to be of interest in the 114th Congress.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS21333", "sha1": "cad2ea5e26e5359c72aa6e692545fcd49e823fbb", "filename": "files/20160308_RS21333_cad2ea5e26e5359c72aa6e692545fcd49e823fbb.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS21333", "sha1": "57f36605a23b85eb253be69587c00c56f57b9a47", "filename": "files/20160308_RS21333_57f36605a23b85eb253be69587c00c56f57b9a47.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4636, "name": "Europe: Regional Policy, Bilateral Relations, and Key Issues" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc503478/", "id": "RS21333_2015Mar11", "date": "2015-03-11", "retrieved": "2015-04-30T17:37:21", "title": "Northern Ireland: The Peace Process", "summary": "This report provides background information regarding political violence and the peace process in Northern Ireland. It includes further information about the devolved government and recurrent crises (1999-2002, 2003-2007 and 2008-2010), implementation of police reforms, recent events and ongoing challenges, relevant U.S. policy, and recent legislation.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20150311_RS21333_42583e4353d8e0cab9989df4eec461c5a63c1973.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20150311_RS21333_42583e4353d8e0cab9989df4eec461c5a63c1973.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- Northern Ireland -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- Northern Ireland -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Northern Ireland", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Northern Ireland" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government -- Northern Ireland", "name": "Politics and government -- Northern Ireland" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc461981/", "id": "RS21333_2013Jan10", "date": "2014-01-10", "retrieved": "2014-12-05T09:57:41", "title": "Northern Ireland: The Peace Process", "summary": "This report provides background information regarding political violence and the peace process in Northern Ireland. It includes further information about the devolved government and recurrent crises (1999-2002, 2003-2007 and 2008-2010), implementation of police reforms, recent events and ongoing challenges, relevant U.S. policy, and recent legislation.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20140110_RS21333_4eb7b196af84c4756c74febb6ca57a51131b9c8c.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20140110_RS21333_4eb7b196af84c4756c74febb6ca57a51131b9c8c.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government -- Northern Ireland", "name": "Politics and government -- Northern Ireland" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Northern Ireland", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Northern Ireland" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- Northern Ireland -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- Northern Ireland -- U.S." } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc276910/", "id": "RS21333_2014Jan08", "date": "2014-01-08", "retrieved": "2014-03-05T18:18:19", "title": "Northern Ireland: The Peace Process", "summary": "This report provides background information regarding political violence and the peace process in Northern Ireland. It includes further information about the devolved government and recurrent crises (1999-2002, 2003-2007 and 2008-2010), implementation of police reforms, recent events and ongoing challenges, relevant U.S. policy, and recent legislation.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20140108_RS21333_fa221be9568eb3ae6fc6239f36431a832e625edf.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20140108_RS21333_fa221be9568eb3ae6fc6239f36431a832e625edf.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government", "name": "Politics and government" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government -- Northern Ireland", "name": "Politics and government -- Northern Ireland" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Northern Ireland", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Northern Ireland" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- Northern Ireland -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- Northern Ireland -- U.S." } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc85484/", "id": "RS21333_2012Mar06", "date": "2012-03-06", "retrieved": "2012-06-06T14:34:05", "title": "Northern Ireland: The Peace Process", "summary": "Since 1969, over 3,500 people have died as a result of political violence in Northern Ireland, which is a part of the United Kingdom. The British and Irish governments as well as the Northern Ireland political parties participating in the peace talks announced an agreement, the Good Friday Agreement (also known as the Belfast Agreement), which called for devolved government in which unionist and nationalist parties would share power. U.S. administrations and many Members of Congress have actively supported the Northern Ireland peace process. For decades, the United States has provided development aid through the International Fund for Ireland (IFI). In recent years, congressional hearings have focused on the peace process, police reforms, and the status of public inquiries into several murders in Northern Ireland in which collusion between the security forces and paramilitary groups is suspected. Many such issues related to Northern Ireland may continue to be of interest in the 112th Congress.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20120306_RS21333_1938a17b5cc78ff5a5b06b19e9b238b0410e544b.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20120306_RS21333_1938a17b5cc78ff5a5b06b19e9b238b0410e544b.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government", "name": "Politics and government" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government - Northern Ireland", "name": "Politics and government - Northern Ireland" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - U.S. - Northern Ireland", "name": "Foreign relations - U.S. - Northern Ireland" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - Northern Ireland - U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations - Northern Ireland - U.S." } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc31488/", "id": "RS21333_2011Feb18", "date": "2011-02-18", "retrieved": "2011-03-09T09:26:47", "title": "Northern Ireland: The Peace Process", "summary": "For years, the British and Irish governments sought to facilitate a peaceful settlement to the conflict in Northern Ireland. This report provides a brief overview of the continuing peace talks and efforts in Northern Ireland, including the deal reached in February 2010 between the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) and Sinn Fein, the political wing of the Irish Republican Army (IRA). The report also discusses the United States' active support of the Northern Ireland peace process, including the future of the International Fund for Ireland (IFI).", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20110218_RS21333_1ea194f51f875a452bf537e7d9f31597a6b016c4.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20110218_RS21333_1ea194f51f875a452bf537e7d9f31597a6b016c4.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government", "name": "Politics and government" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government - Northern Ireland", "name": "Politics and government - Northern Ireland" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - U.S. - Northern Ireland", "name": "Foreign relations - U.S. - Northern Ireland" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - Northern Ireland - U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations - Northern Ireland - U.S." } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501761/", "id": "RS21333_2010May28", "date": "2010-05-28", "retrieved": "2015-03-30T22:03:27", "title": "Northern Ireland: The Peace Process", "summary": "This report provides background information regarding political violence and the peace process in Northern Ireland. It includes further information about the devolved government and recurrent crises (1999-2002, 2003-2007 and 2008-2010), implementation of police reforms, recent events and ongoing challenges, relevant U.S. policy, and recent legislation.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20100528_RS21333_260adf69b1ddd669145cb4bb536d4d6cafbede02.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20100528_RS21333_260adf69b1ddd669145cb4bb536d4d6cafbede02.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government -- Northern Ireland", "name": "Politics and government -- Northern Ireland" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Northern Ireland", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Northern Ireland" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- Northern Ireland -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- Northern Ireland -- U.S." } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10578/", "id": "RS21333_2008Jul03", "date": "2008-07-03", "retrieved": "2008-12-11T20:31:27", "title": "Northern Ireland: The Peace Process", "summary": "For years, the British and Irish governments sought to facilitate a peaceful settlement to the conflict in Northern Ireland. After many ups and downs, the two governments and the Northern Ireland political parties participating in the peace talks announced an agreement on April 10, 1998. Despite a much improved security situation in the years since then, full implementation of the resulting Good Friday Agreement has been difficult. On May 8, 2007, however, Northern Ireland's devolved political institutions were restored after an almost five-year suspension following a powersharing deal between the largest unionist and nationalist parties.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20080703_RS21333_3e552861d507e3aa215fa9ff66257d16afc26927.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20080703_RS21333_3e552861d507e3aa215fa9ff66257d16afc26927.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Defense policy", "name": "Defense policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "International affairs", "name": "International affairs" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government", "name": "Politics and government" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government - Northern Ireland", "name": "Politics and government - Northern Ireland" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Nationalists", "name": "Nationalists" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Nationalism", "name": "Nationalism" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Treaties", "name": "Treaties" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc806308/", "id": "RS21333_2007May10", "date": "2007-05-10", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Northern Ireland: The Peace Process", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20070510_RS21333_5c6adc0c6b5234c342281cc615f03a9639bb4528.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20070510_RS21333_5c6adc0c6b5234c342281cc615f03a9639bb4528.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10256/", "id": "RS21333_2006Sep27", "date": "2006-09-27", "retrieved": "2008-12-11T20:27:41", "title": "Northern Ireland: The Peace Process", "summary": "For years, the British and Irish governments have sought to facilitate a peaceful settlement to the conflict in Northern Ireland. After many ups and downs, the two government and the parties participating in the peace talks announced an agreement on April 10, 1998. The implementation of the resulting Good Friday Agreement continues to be difficult. A political stalemate in Northern Ireland since 2002 has halted the peace process and forced London to suspend the devolved government and to resume governance of the province. British and Irish leaders have set a November 24, 2006, deadline to revive talks on governance in Northern Ireland.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20060927_RS21333_d3d75f26c537a3eb4510182df4cbd962b5aea694.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20060927_RS21333_d3d75f26c537a3eb4510182df4cbd962b5aea694.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Defense policy", "name": "Defense policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "International affairs", "name": "International affairs" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8695/", "id": "RS21333 2006-03-06", "date": "2006-03-06", "retrieved": "2006-06-01T12:57:12", "title": "Northern Ireland: The Peace Process", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20060306_RS21333_491abe57f55cf5aee0b266f685f7749ac60a543c.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20060306_RS21333_491abe57f55cf5aee0b266f685f7749ac60a543c.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Defense policy", "name": "Defense policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "International affairs", "name": "International affairs" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6834/", "id": "RS21333 2005-07-29", "date": "2005-07-29", "retrieved": "2005-08-10T09:29:23", "title": "Northern Ireland: The Peace Process", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20050729_RS21333_c21b637ec6be7ee644aa9ffdf7864c05fbd10126.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20050729_RS21333_c21b637ec6be7ee644aa9ffdf7864c05fbd10126.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Defense policy", "name": "Defense policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Peace treaties - Northern Ireland", "name": "Peace treaties - Northern Ireland" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "International affairs", "name": "International affairs" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7210/", "id": "RS21333 2005-05-19", "date": "2005-05-19", "retrieved": "2005-09-20T11:04:20", "title": "Northern Ireland: The Peace Process", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20050519_RS21333_94b0926f70934ea531d815bdfa3c780f6324a33a.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20050519_RS21333_94b0926f70934ea531d815bdfa3c780f6324a33a.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Defense policy", "name": "Defense policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "International affairs", "name": "International affairs" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc822448/", "id": "RS21333_2004Dec09", "date": "2004-12-09", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Northern Ireland: The Peace Process", "summary": "This report provides background information regarding political violence and the peace process in Northern Ireland. It includes further information about the devolved government and recurrent crises (1999-2002, 2003-2007 and 2008-2010), implementation of police reforms, recent events and ongoing challenges, relevant U.S. policy, and recent legislation.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20041209_RS21333_e2950604fa80211e48bf600e462095b770b9f26d.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20041209_RS21333_e2950604fa80211e48bf600e462095b770b9f26d.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- Northern Ireland -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- Northern Ireland -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government -- Northern Ireland", "name": "Politics and government -- Northern Ireland" } ] } ], "topics": [ "European Affairs", "Foreign Affairs" ] }