{ "id": "RS21513", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "RS", "number": "RS21513", "active": true, "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov, EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "versions": [ { "source_dir": "crsreports.congress.gov", "title": "Kuwait: Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy", "retrieved": "2021-05-21T04:02:54.431891", "id": "RS21513_131_2021-05-12", "formats": [ { "filename": "files/2021-05-12_RS21513_a58a30d40f5e437901905ff93e3c5b68afe4281a.pdf", "format": "PDF", "url": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/RS/RS21513/131", "sha1": "a58a30d40f5e437901905ff93e3c5b68afe4281a" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/2021-05-12_RS21513_a58a30d40f5e437901905ff93e3c5b68afe4281a.html" } ], "date": "2021-05-12", "summary": null, "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov", "typeId": "RS", "active": true, "sourceLink": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/details?prodcode=RS21513", "type": "CRS Report" }, { "source_dir": "crsreports.congress.gov", "title": "Kuwait: Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy", "retrieved": "2021-05-21T04:02:51.290329", "id": "RS21513_130_2020-10-14", "formats": [ { "filename": "files/2020-10-14_RS21513_3d2494c1083cff445808e4b8b1d603d78b3d8f3a.pdf", "format": "PDF", "url": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/RS/RS21513/130", "sha1": "3d2494c1083cff445808e4b8b1d603d78b3d8f3a" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/2020-10-14_RS21513_3d2494c1083cff445808e4b8b1d603d78b3d8f3a.html" } ], "date": "2020-10-14", "summary": null, "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov", "typeId": "RS", "active": true, "sourceLink": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/details?prodcode=RS21513", "type": "CRS Report" }, { "source_dir": "crsreports.congress.gov", "title": "Kuwait: Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy", "retrieved": "2021-05-21T04:02:51.288522", "id": "RS21513_127_2020-06-03", "formats": [ { "filename": "files/2020-06-03_RS21513_bf1aee64d766e0f7ee0ed661442769dd24c4e088.pdf", "format": "PDF", "url": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/RS/RS21513/127", "sha1": "bf1aee64d766e0f7ee0ed661442769dd24c4e088" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/2020-06-03_RS21513_bf1aee64d766e0f7ee0ed661442769dd24c4e088.html" } ], "date": "2020-06-03", "summary": null, "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov", "typeId": "RS", "active": true, "sourceLink": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/details?prodcode=RS21513", "type": "CRS Report" }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 610357, "date": "2019-12-04", "retrieved": "2019-12-13T15:07:27.096480", "title": "Kuwait: Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy", "summary": "Kuwait has been pivotal to the decades-long U.S. effort to secure the Persian Gulf region because of its consistent cooperation with U.S. military operations in the region and its key location in the northern Gulf. Kuwait and the United States have a formal Defense Cooperation Agreement (DCA), under which the United States maintains over 13,000 military personnel in country and prepositions military equipment to be able to project power in the region. \nKuwait is a partner not only of the United States but also of the other hereditary monarchies of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, and Oman). Kuwaiti forces are part of the Saudi-led coalition that is trying to defeat the Iran-backed \u201cHouthi\u201d rebel movement in Yemen, but Kuwait has also sought to mediate a resolution to that and other regional conflicts. Kuwait has been the main GCC mediator seeking to end the intra-GCC rift that erupted in June 2017 when Saudi Arabia and the UAE moved to isolate Qatar. Kuwait has refrained from intervening in Syria\u2019s civil war, instead hosting several donor conferences for victims of the Syrian civil conflict as well as to fund Iraq\u2019s recovery from the Islamic State challenge and ameliorate the effects of regional conflict on Jordan\u2019s economy. Kuwait has not followed some of the other GCC states in building quiet ties to the government of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu in Israel. \nKuwait generally supports U.S. efforts to counter Iran and has periodically arrested Kuwaiti Shias that the government says are spying for Iran, but it also engages Iran at high levels and has not advocated U.S. or GCC confrontation of Iran. U.S. government reports have praised steps by Kuwait to counter the financing of terrorism, but reports persist that wealthy Kuwaitis are still able to donate to regional Islamist extremists. Kuwait has consistently engaged the post-Saddam governments in Baghdad in part to prevent any repeat of the 1990 Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. \nExperts have long assessed Kuwait\u2019s political system as a potential regional model for its successful incorporation of secular and Islamist political factions, both Shia and Sunni. However, since the 2011 Arab Spring uprisings, Kuwait has followed other GCC states in incarcerating and revoking the citizenship of social media and other critics. Kuwait\u2019s fundamental political stability has not been in question but long-standing parliamentary opposition to the ruling Sabah family\u2019s political dominance has in recent years included some public pressure for political and economic reform. Parliamentary elections in July 2013 produced a National Assembly amenable to working with the ruling family, but the subsequent elections held in November 2016 returned to the body Islamist and liberal opponents of the Sabah family who held sway in earlier assemblies. The Amir\u2019s declining health, necessitating hospitalization in the United States during August-October 2019, might have contributed to the reigniting of political fissures in Kuwait that caused the resignation of the government and appointment of a new Prime Minister in November 2019. \nYears of political paralysis contributed to economic stagnation relative to Kuwait\u2019s more economically vibrant Gulf neighbors such as Qatar and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Like the other GCC states, Kuwait has struggled with reduced income from oil exports since 2014. Kuwait receives negligible amounts of U.S. foreign assistance, and has offset some of the costs of U.S. operations in the region since Iraq\u2019s 1990 invasion of Kuwait.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS21513", "sha1": "cb61138365588720259ab791f3f54a1ed291c591", "filename": "files/20191204_RS21513_cb61138365588720259ab791f3f54a1ed291c591.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS21513_files&id=/0.png": "files/20191204_RS21513_images_601ee9abe98a1e9a4d59fa55242351bba88c97fc.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS21513", "sha1": "ccd93627f6b39fa2ed19dddecdd1ce3e2541a58f", "filename": "files/20191204_RS21513_ccd93627f6b39fa2ed19dddecdd1ce3e2541a58f.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 606982, "date": "2019-10-28", "retrieved": "2019-10-31T22:05:40.489234", "title": "Kuwait: Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy", "summary": "Kuwait has been pivotal to the decades-long U.S. effort to secure the Persian Gulf region because of its consistent cooperation with U.S. military operations in the region and its key location in the northern Gulf. Kuwait and the United States have a formal Defense Cooperation Agreement (DCA), under which the United States maintains over 13,000 military personnel in country and prepositions military equipment to be able to project power in the region. \nKuwait is a partner not only of the United States but also of the other hereditary monarchies of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, and Oman). Kuwait is participating militarily in the Saudi-led coalition that is trying to defeat the Iran-backed \u201cHouthi\u201d rebel movement in Yemen, but Kuwait has also sought to mediate a resolution to that and other regional conflicts. Kuwait has been the main GCC mediator seeking to end the intra-GCC rift that erupted in June 2017 when Saudi Arabia and the UAE moved to isolate Qatar. Kuwait has refrained from intervening in Syria\u2019s civil war, instead hosting several donor conferences for victims of the Syrian civil conflict as well as to fund Iraq\u2019s recovery from the Islamic State challenge and ameliorate the effects of regional conflict on Jordan\u2019s economy. Kuwait has not followed some of the other GCC states in building quiet ties to the government of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu in Israel. \nKuwait generally supports U.S. efforts to counter Iran and has periodically arrested Kuwaiti Shias that the government says are spying for Iran, but it also engages Iran at high levels and has not advocated U.S. or GCC confrontation of Iran. U.S. government reports have praised steps by Kuwait to counter the financing of terrorism, but reports persist that wealthy Kuwaitis are still able to donate to regional Islamist extremists. Kuwait has consistently engaged the post-Saddam governments in Baghdad in part to prevent any repeat of the 1990 Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. \nExperts have long assessed Kuwait\u2019s political system as a potential regional model for its successful incorporation of secular and Islamist political factions, both Shia and Sunni. However, since the 2011 Arab Spring uprisings, Kuwait has followed other GCC states in incarcerating and revoking the citizenship of social media and other critics. Kuwait\u2019s fundamental political stability has not been in question but long-standing parliamentary opposition to the ruling Sabah family\u2019s political dominance has in recent years included some public pressure for political and economic reform. Parliamentary elections in July 2013 produced a National Assembly amenable to working with the ruling family, but the subsequent elections held in November 2016 returned to the body Islamist and liberal opponents of the Sabah family who held sway in earlier assemblies. The Amir\u2019s declining health, necessitating hospitalization in the United States during August-October 2019, could reignite the political fissures in Kuwait. \nYears of political paralysis contributed to economic stagnation relative to Kuwait\u2019s more economically vibrant Gulf neighbors such as Qatar and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Like the other GCC states, Kuwait has struggled with reduced income from oil exports since 2014. Kuwait receives negligible amounts of U.S. foreign assistance, and has offset some of the costs of U.S. operations in the region since Iraq\u2019s 1990 invasion of Kuwait.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS21513", "sha1": "52ce93a605a7404977534a2a12ccc604b7b36521", "filename": "files/20191028_RS21513_52ce93a605a7404977534a2a12ccc604b7b36521.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS21513_files&id=/0.png": "files/20191028_RS21513_images_601ee9abe98a1e9a4d59fa55242351bba88c97fc.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS21513", "sha1": "d72953a200cccff8d7d87bb3fd3111a160403d72", "filename": "files/20191028_RS21513_d72953a200cccff8d7d87bb3fd3111a160403d72.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 603129, "date": "2019-07-31", "retrieved": "2019-08-12T22:12:43.788626", "title": "Kuwait: Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy", "summary": "Kuwait has been pivotal to the decades-long U.S. effort to secure the Persian Gulf region because of its consistent cooperation with U.S. military operations in the region and its key location in the northern Gulf. Kuwait and the United States have a formal Defense Cooperation Agreement (DCA), under which the United States maintains over 13,000 military personnel in country and prepositions military equipment to project power in the region. Only Germany, Japan, and South Korea host more U.S. troops than does Kuwait, which has hosted the operational command center for U.S.-led Operation Inherent Resolve (OIR) that has combatted the Islamic State since 2014.\nKuwait is a partner not only of the United States but also of the other hereditary monarchies of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, and Oman). Kuwait is participating militarily in the Saudi-led coalition that is trying to defeat the Shia \u201cHouthi\u201d rebel movement in Yemen, but Kuwait tends to favor mediation of regional issues over the use of military force. Kuwait has sought to resolve the intra-GCC rift that erupted in June 2017 when Saudi Arabia and the UAE moved to isolate Qatar. Kuwait has refrained from intervening in Syria\u2019s civil war, instead hosting donor conferences for victims of the Syrian civil conflict, Iraq\u2019s recovery from the Islamic State challenge, and the effects of regional conflict on Jordan\u2019s economy. Kuwait has not followed some of the other GCC states in building quiet ties to the government of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu in Israel. \nKuwait generally supports U.S. efforts to counter Iran and has periodically arrested Kuwaiti Shias that the government says are spying for Iran, but it also engages Iran at high levels. U.S. government reports have praised steps by Kuwait to counter the financing of terrorism, but reports persist that wealthy Kuwaitis are still able to donate to extreme Islamist factions in the region. Kuwait has consistently engaged the post-Saddam governments in Baghdad in part to prevent any repeat of the 1990 Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. \nExperts have long assessed Kuwait\u2019s political system as a potential regional model for its successful incorporation of secular and Islamist political factions, both Shia and Sunni. However, since the 2011 Arab Spring uprisings, Kuwait has followed other GCC states in incarcerating and revoking the citizenship of social media and other critics. Kuwait\u2019s political stability has not been in question but long-standing parliamentary opposition to the ruling Sabah family\u2019s political dominance has in recent years included visible public pressure for political and economic reform. Parliamentary elections in July 2013 produced a National Assembly amenable to working with the ruling family, but the subsequent elections held in November 2016 returned to the body Islamist and liberal opponents of the Sabah family who held sway in earlier assemblies. Kuwait has increased its efforts to curb trafficking in persons over the past few years. \nYears of political paralysis contributed to economic stagnation relative to Kuwait\u2019s more economically vibrant Gulf neighbors such as Qatar and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Like the other GCC states, Kuwait has struggled with reduced income from oil exports during 2014-2018. Kuwait receives negligible amounts of U.S. foreign assistance, and has offset some of the costs of U.S. operations in the region since Iraq\u2019s 1990 invasion of Kuwait.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS21513", "sha1": "a79654d24eaffc720eef696558fe4c7fee1e58ac", "filename": "files/20190731_RS21513_a79654d24eaffc720eef696558fe4c7fee1e58ac.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS21513_files&id=/0.png": "files/20190731_RS21513_images_601ee9abe98a1e9a4d59fa55242351bba88c97fc.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS21513", "sha1": "04cb568f6413714c5cf5958910c51a507134de82", "filename": "files/20190731_RS21513_04cb568f6413714c5cf5958910c51a507134de82.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 593054, "date": "2019-03-04", "retrieved": "2019-04-17T14:08:22.119507", "title": "Kuwait: Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy", "summary": "Kuwait has been pivotal to the decades-long U.S. effort to secure the Persian Gulf region because of its consistent cooperation with U.S. military operations in the region and its key location in the northern Gulf. Kuwait and the United States have a formal Defense Cooperation Agreement (DCA), under which the United States maintains over 13,000 military personnel in country and prepositioned military equipment in Kuwait to project power in the region. Only Germany, Japan, and South Korea host more U.S. troops than does Kuwait, which hosts the operational command center for U.S.-led Operation Inherent Resolve (OIR) that has combatted the Islamic State.\nKuwait usually acts in concert not only with the United States but also with allies in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, and Oman). Kuwait is participating militarily in the Saudi-led coalition that is trying to defeat the Shia \u201cHouthi\u201d rebel movement in Yemen, but Kuwait tends to favor mediation of regional issues over the use of military force. Kuwait is trying to mediate a resolution of the intra-GCC rift that erupted in June 2017 when Saudi Arabia and the UAE moved to isolate Qatar. Kuwait has refrained from intervening in Syria\u2019s civil war, instead hosting donor conferences for victims of the Syrian civil conflict, Iraq\u2019s recovery from the Islamic State challenge, and the effects of regional conflict on Jordan\u2019s economy. Kuwait generally supports U.S. efforts to counter Iran and has periodically arrested Kuwaiti Shias that the government says are spying for Iran, but it also engages Iran at high levels. U.S. government reports have praised recent steps by Kuwait to counter the financing of terrorism, but reports persist that wealthy Kuwaitis are still able to donate to extreme Islamist factions in the region. Kuwait has consistently engaged the post-Saddam governments in Baghdad in part to prevent any repeat of the 1990 Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. \nExperts have long assessed Kuwait\u2019s political system as a potential regional model for its successful incorporation of secular and Islamist political factions, both Shia and Sunni. However, this assessment has evolved since 2011 because Kuwait has followed other GCC states in incarcerating and revoking the citizenship of social media and other critics. Kuwait\u2019s political stability has not been in question but long-standing parliamentary opposition to the ruling Sabah family\u2019s political dominance has broadened in recent years to visible public pressure for political and economic reform. Parliamentary elections in July 2013 produced a National Assembly amenable to working with the ruling family, but the subsequent elections held in November 2016 returned to the body Islamist and liberal opponents of the Sabah family who held sway in earlier assemblies. Assembly oppositionist challenges to government policy led to a cabinet resignation in early November 2017, although the current cabinet does not differ much from the previous cabinet on key policy questions. Kuwait has increased its efforts to curb trafficking in persons over the past few years. \nYears of political paralysis contributed to economic stagnation relative to Kuwait\u2019s more economically vibrant Gulf neighbors such as Qatar and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Like the other GCC states, Kuwait has struggled with reduced income from oil exports during 2014-2018. Kuwait receives negligible amounts of U.S. foreign assistance, and has offset some of the costs of U.S. operations in the region since Iraq\u2019s 1990 invasion of Kuwait.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS21513", "sha1": "9bf38837a78bd775243e8f8c86759ea4d8976740", "filename": "files/20190304_RS21513_9bf38837a78bd775243e8f8c86759ea4d8976740.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS21513_files&id=/0.png": "files/20190304_RS21513_images_601ee9abe98a1e9a4d59fa55242351bba88c97fc.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS21513", "sha1": "574ee0137e2edb3d93d693ca9a09a553f9ab3ef2", "filename": "files/20190304_RS21513_574ee0137e2edb3d93d693ca9a09a553f9ab3ef2.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 588320, "date": "2018-12-04", "retrieved": "2018-12-11T14:18:51.843375", "title": "Kuwait: Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy", "summary": "Kuwait has been pivotal to the decades-long U.S. effort to secure the Persian Gulf region because of its consistent cooperation with U.S. military operations in the region and its key location in the northern Gulf. Kuwait and the United States have a formal Defense Cooperation Agreement (DCA), under which the United States maintains over 13,000 military personnel in country and prepositioned military equipment in Kuwait to project power in the region. Only Germany, Japan, and South Korea host more U.S. troops than does Kuwait. \nKuwait usually acts in concert not only with the United States but also with allies in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, and Oman). However, Kuwait tends to favor mediation of regional issues over commitments of military force. Kuwait is the lead Gulf mediator of the intra-GCC rift that erupted in June 2017 when Saudi Arabia, UAE, and Bahrain moved to isolate Qatar. Kuwait hosts the operational command center for U.S.-led Operation Inherent Resolve (OIR) that has combatted the Islamic State. Refraining from intervening in Syria\u2019s civil war, Kuwait has instead hosting donor conferences for civilian victims of the conflict and providing aid to Jordan for its hosting of Syrian refugees. Kuwait is participating militarily in the Saudi-led coalition that is trying to defeat the Shiite \u201cHouthi\u201d rebel movement in Yemen. Kuwait generally supports U.S. efforts to counter Iran and has periodically arrested Kuwaiti Shiites that the government says are spying for Iran, but it also engages Iran at high levels. U.S. government reports have praised recent steps by Kuwait to counter the financing of terrorism, but reports persist that wealthy Kuwaitis are still able to donate to extreme Islamist factions in the region.\nExperts have long assessed Kuwait\u2019s political system as a potential regional model for its successful incorporation of secular and Islamist political factions, both Shiite and Sunni. However, this assessment has evolved since 2011 because Kuwait has followed other GCC states in incarcerating and revoking the citizenship of social media and other critics. Kuwait\u2019s political stability has not been in question but long-standing parliamentary opposition to the ruling Sabah family\u2019s political dominance has broadened in recent years to visible public pressure for political and economic reform. Parliamentary elections in July 2013 produced a National Assembly amenable to working with the ruling family, but the subsequent elections held in November 2016 returned to the body Islamist and liberal opponents of the Sabah family who held sway in earlier assemblies. Assembly oppositionist challenges to government policy led to a cabinet resignation in early November 2017, although the current cabinet does not differ much from the previous cabinet on key policy questions. Kuwait has increased its efforts to curb trafficking in persons over the past few years. \nYears of political paralysis contributed to economic stagnation relative to Kuwait\u2019s more economically vibrant Gulf neighbors such as Qatar and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Like the other GCC states, Kuwait has struggled with reduced income from oil exports during 2014-2018. Kuwait receives negligible amounts of U.S. foreign assistance, and has offset some of the costs of U.S. operations in the region since Iraq\u2019s 1990 invasion of Kuwait.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS21513", "sha1": "b205dff8abef9bc05a205eff2bee988fe4749658", "filename": "files/20181204_RS21513_b205dff8abef9bc05a205eff2bee988fe4749658.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS21513_files&id=/0.png": "files/20181204_RS21513_images_601ee9abe98a1e9a4d59fa55242351bba88c97fc.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS21513", "sha1": "9613e3bfadae374f07fd903fcf6204a6f83e1b91", "filename": "files/20181204_RS21513_9613e3bfadae374f07fd903fcf6204a6f83e1b91.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 586103, "date": "2018-10-02", "retrieved": "2018-10-05T22:10:29.121932", "title": "Kuwait: Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy", "summary": "Kuwait has been pivotal to the decades-long U.S. effort to secure the Persian Gulf region because of its consistent cooperation with U.S. military operations in the region and its key location in the northern Gulf. Kuwait and the United States have a formal Defense Cooperation Agreement (DCA), under which the United States maintains over 13,000 military personnel in country and prepositioned military equipment in Kuwait to project power in the region. Only Germany, Japan, and South Korea host more U.S. troops than does Kuwait. \nKuwait usually acts in concert not only with the United States but also with allies in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, and Oman). However, Kuwait tends to favor mediation of regional issues over commitments of military force. Kuwait is the lead Gulf mediator of the intra-GCC rift that erupted in June 2017 when Saudi Arabia, UAE, and Bahrain moved to isolate Qatar. Kuwait hosts the operational command center for U.S.-led Operation Inherent Resolve (OIR) that has combatted the Islamic State. Refraining from intervening in Syria\u2019s civil war, Kuwait has instead hosting donor conferences for civilian victims of the conflict and providing aid to Jordan for its hosting of Syrian refugees. Kuwait is participating militarily in the Saudi-led coalition that is trying to defeat the Shiite \u201cHouthi\u201d rebel movement in Yemen. Kuwait generally supports U.S. efforts to counter Iran and has periodically arrested Kuwaiti Shiites that the government says are spying for Iran, but it also engages Iran at high levels. U.S. government reports have praised recent steps by Kuwait to counter the financing of terrorism, but reports persist that wealthy Kuwaitis are still able to donate to extreme Islamist factions in the region.\nExperts have long assessed Kuwait\u2019s political system as a potential regional model for its successful incorporation of secular and Islamist political factions, both Shiite and Sunni. However, this assessment has evolved since 2011 because Kuwait has followed other GCC states in incarcerating and revoking the citizenship of social media and other critics. Kuwait\u2019s political stability has not been in question but long-standing parliamentary opposition to the ruling Sabah family\u2019s political dominance has broadened in recent years to visible public pressure for political and economic reform. Parliamentary elections in July 2013 produced a National Assembly amenable to working with the ruling family, but the subsequent elections held in November 2016 returned to the body Islamist and liberal opponents of the Sabah family who held sway in earlier assemblies. Assembly oppositionist challenges to government policy led to a cabinet resignation in early November 2017, although the current cabinet does not differ much from the previous cabinet on key policy questions. Kuwait has increased its efforts to curb trafficking in persons over the past few years. \nYears of political paralysis contributed to economic stagnation relative to Kuwait\u2019s more economically vibrant Gulf neighbors such as Qatar and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Like the other GCC states, Kuwait has struggled with reduced income from oil exports during 2014-2018. Kuwait receives negligible amounts of U.S. foreign assistance, and has offset some of the costs of U.S. operations in the region since Iraq\u2019s 1990 invasion of Kuwait.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS21513", "sha1": "70b1c65954c964b904b9b5147f88b38f677f4607", "filename": "files/20181002_RS21513_70b1c65954c964b904b9b5147f88b38f677f4607.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS21513_files&id=/0.png": "files/20181002_RS21513_images_9554cb3bc9584d1dac74676662159dce9391fff2.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS21513", "sha1": "5ed3cf7b04dd0a528ccc0161d6085c446412fe83", "filename": "files/20181002_RS21513_5ed3cf7b04dd0a528ccc0161d6085c446412fe83.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 582695, "date": "2018-07-09", "retrieved": "2018-07-10T19:59:57.601911", "title": "Kuwait: Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy", "summary": "Kuwait has been pivotal to the decades-long U.S. effort to secure the Persian Gulf region because of its consistent cooperation with U.S. military operations in the region and its key location in the northern Gulf. Kuwait and the United States have a formal Defense Cooperation Agreement (DCA), under which the United States maintains over 13,000 military personnel in country and prepositioned military equipment in Kuwait to project power in the region. Only Germany, Japan, and South Korea host more U.S. troops than does Kuwait. \nKuwait usually acts in concert not only with the United States but also with allies in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Qatar, Bahrain, and Oman). However, Kuwait tends to favor mediation of regional issues over commitments of military force. Kuwait is the lead Gulf mediator of the intra-GCC rift that erupted in June 2017 when Saudi Arabia, UAE, and Bahrain moved to isolate Qatar. Kuwait hosts the operational command center for U.S.-led Operation Inherent Resolve (OIR) that is combating the Islamic State. The Kuwaiti government has not intervened in Syria\u2019s civil war, instead hosting donor conferences for civilian victims of the conflict and providing aid to Jordan\u2019s hosting of Syrian refugees. Kuwait is participating militarily in the Saudi-led coalition that is trying to defeat the Shiite \u201cHouthi\u201d rebel movement in Yemen, but has also worked to forge a diplomatic solution to that conflict. Kuwait has supported U.S. efforts to contain Iran and has periodically arrested Kuwaiti Shiites that the government says are spying for Iran, but it also engages Iran at high levels. However, the government has not fully shut down channels that wealthy Kuwaitis use to fund extreme Islamist factions in the region.\nExperts had long assessed Kuwait\u2019s political system as a regional model for its successful incorporation of secular and Islamist political factions, both Shiite and Sunni. However, Kuwait\u2019s reputation for political pluralism has been tarnished since 2011 as it has followed other GCC states in incarcerating and revoking the citizenship of social media and other critics. Kuwait\u2019s political stability has not been in question but, since 2011, parliamentary opposition to the ruling Sabah family\u2019s political dominance has broadened to visible public pressure for political and economic reform. Parliamentary elections in July 2013 produced a National Assembly amenable to working with the ruling family, but the subsequent elections held in November 2016 returned to the body Islamist and liberal opponents of the Sabah family who held sway in earlier Assemblies. Assembly oppositionist challenges to government policy led to a cabinet resignation in early November 2017, although the current cabinet does not differ much from the previous cabinet on key policy questions. Kuwait has been increasing its efforts to curb trafficking in persons over the past few years. \nYears of political paralysis contributed to economic stagnation relative to Kuwait\u2019s more economically vibrant Gulf neighbors such as Qatar and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Like the other GCC states, Kuwait is also struggling with the consequences of the decline in oil prices from 2014 levels. Kuwait receives negligible amounts of U.S. foreign assistance, and has offset some of the costs of U.S. operations in the region since Iraq\u2019s 1990 invasion of Kuwait.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS21513", "sha1": "81beb78a5d203753b4e97259f041fc6103ec2c78", "filename": "files/20180709_RS21513_81beb78a5d203753b4e97259f041fc6103ec2c78.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS21513_files&id=/0.png": "files/20180709_RS21513_images_9554cb3bc9584d1dac74676662159dce9391fff2.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS21513", "sha1": "5c853a47082ba9f78855f4afd371a14942f960b8", "filename": "files/20180709_RS21513_5c853a47082ba9f78855f4afd371a14942f960b8.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 580681, "date": "2018-04-26", "retrieved": "2018-05-10T10:19:52.113773", "title": "Kuwait: Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy", "summary": "Kuwait remains pivotal to U.S. efforts to secure the Persian Gulf region because of its consistent cooperation with U.S. strategy and military operations in the region and its location in the northern Gulf. Kuwait and the United States have a formal Defense Cooperation Agreement (DCA), under which the United States maintains over 13,000 military personnel in country and prepositioned military equipment in Kuwait to project power in the region. Only Germany, Japan, and South Korea host more U.S. troops than does Kuwait. \nKuwait usually acts in concert not only with the United States but also with allies in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Qatar, Bahrain, and Oman). However, Kuwait tends to favor mediation of regional issues over commitments of military force. Kuwait is the lead Gulf mediator of the intra-GCC rift that erupted in June 2017 when Saudi Arabia, UAE, and Bahrain moved to isolate Qatar. Kuwait hosts the operational command center for U.S.-led Operation Inherent Resolve (OIR) that is combating the Islamic State. The Kuwaiti government has not intervened in Syria\u2019s civil war, instead hosting donor conferences for civilian victims of the conflict. However, the government has failed to prevent wealthy Kuwaitis from raising funds for extreme Islamist rebels in Syria or elsewhere. Kuwait is participating militarily in the Saudi-led coalition that is trying to defeat the Shiite \u201cHouthi\u201d rebel movement in Yemen, but has also worked to forge a diplomatic solution to that conflict. Kuwait has supported U.S. efforts to contain Iran and has periodically arrested Kuwaiti Shiites that the government says are spying for Iran, but it also engages Iran at high levels. As part of this engagement, in February 2017, Iran\u2019s President Hassan Rouhani visited Kuwait (and Oman). \nExperts had long assessed Kuwait\u2019s political system as a regional model for its successful incorporation of secular and Islamist political factions, both Shiite and Sunni. However, Kuwait\u2019s reputation for political pluralism has been tarnished in recent years as it has followed other GCC states in incarcerating and revoking the citizenship of social media critics for \u201cinsulting the Amir.\u201d Kuwait\u2019s political stability was also put in question during 2006-2013, initially manifesting as parliamentary opposition to the ruling Sabah family\u2019s political dominance but later broadening to visible public pressure for political reform. Parliamentary elections in July 2013 produced a National Assembly amenable to working with the ruling family, but the subsequent elections held in November 2016 returned to the body Islamist and liberal opponents of the Sabah family who held sway in earlier Assemblies. Assembly oppositionist challenges to government policy led to a cabinet resignation in early November 2017, although the cabinet appointed in December 2017 does not differ much from the previous cabinet on key policy questions. On the other hand, Kuwait has been increasing its efforts to curb trafficking in persons over the past few years. \nYears of political paralysis contributed to economic stagnation relative to Kuwait\u2019s more economically vibrant Gulf neighbors such as Qatar and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Like the other GCC states, Kuwait is also struggling with the consequences of the decline in oil prices from 2014 levels. Kuwait receives negligible amounts of U.S. foreign assistance, and has offset some of the costs of U.S. operations in the region since Iraq\u2019s 1990 invasion of Kuwait.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS21513", "sha1": "96dbc4fbdabcb1bb015b76d2067346cdd58df9e5", "filename": "files/20180426_RS21513_96dbc4fbdabcb1bb015b76d2067346cdd58df9e5.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS21513_files&id=/0.png": "files/20180426_RS21513_images_9554cb3bc9584d1dac74676662159dce9391fff2.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS21513", "sha1": "adee60467b628bb72d846351b2de08d99cf74dcc", "filename": "files/20180426_RS21513_adee60467b628bb72d846351b2de08d99cf74dcc.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 578197, "date": "2018-02-06", "retrieved": "2018-02-08T14:15:03.765306", "title": "Kuwait: Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy", "summary": "Kuwait remains pivotal to U.S. efforts to secure the Persian Gulf region because of its consistent cooperation with U.S. strategy and operations in the region, and its strategic location in the northern Gulf. Kuwait and the United States have a formal Defense Cooperation Agreement (DCA), under which the United States maintains over 13,000 military personnel in country and prepositioned military equipment in Kuwait to project power in the region. Only Germany, Japan, and South Korea host more U.S. troops than does Kuwait. \nKuwait usually acts in concert not only with the United States but also with allies in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Qatar, Bahrain, and Oman). However, Kuwait tends to favor mediation of regional issues over commitments of military force. Kuwait is the lead Gulf mediator of the intra-GCC rift that erupted in June 2017 when Saudi Arabia, UAE, and Bahrain moved to isolate Qatar. Kuwait hosts the operational command center for U.S.-led Operation Inherent Resolve (OIR) that is combating the Islamic State. The Kuwaiti government has not intervened in Syria\u2019s civil war, instead hosting donor conferences for civilian victims of the Syrian civil war. However, the government has failed to prevent wealthy Kuwaitis from raising funds for extreme Islamist rebels in Syria or elsewhere. Kuwait is participating militarily in the Saudi-led coalition that is trying to defeat the Shiite \u201cHouthi\u201d rebel movement in Yemen, but has also worked to forge a diplomatic solution to that conflict. Kuwait has supported U.S. efforts to contain Iran and has periodically arrested Kuwaiti Shiites that the government says are spying for Iran, but it also engages Iran at high levels. As part of this engagement, in mid-February 2017, Iran\u2019s President Hassan Rouhani visited Kuwait and Oman\u2014the latter of which consistently engages Iran. \nKuwait\u2019s political system has been widely viewed as a regional model for its successful incorporation of secular and Islamist political factions, both Shiite and Sunni. However, Kuwait experienced political turmoil during 2006-2013, initially manifesting as parliamentary opposition to Sabah family political dominance but later broadening to visible public unrest in 2012-2013 over the ruling family\u2019s power and privileges. Parliamentary elections in July 2013 produced a National Assembly amenable to working with the ruling family, but the subsequent elections held in November 2016 returned to the body Islamist and liberal opponents of the Sabah family who held sway in earlier Assemblies. Their challenges to government policy led to a cabinet resignation in early November 2017, although the cabinet appointed in December 2017 does not differ much from the previous cabinet on key policy questions. Kuwait\u2019s reputation for political pluralism has been tarnished in recent years as it has followed other GCC states in incarcerating and revoking the citizenship of social media critics for \u201cinsulting the Amir.\u201d On the other hand, Kuwait has been increasing its efforts to curb trafficking in persons over the past few years. \nYears of political paralysis contributed to economic stagnation relative to Kuwait\u2019s more economically vibrant Gulf neighbors such as Qatar and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Like the other GCC states, Kuwait is also struggling with the consequences of the sharp fall in oil prices since mid-2014. Kuwait receives negligible amounts of U.S. foreign assistance, and has offset some of the costs of U.S. operations in the region since Iraq\u2019s 1990 invasion of Kuwait.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS21513", "sha1": "02d87cea451c7f5f004f9794a041f34d70dee0b0", "filename": "files/20180206_RS21513_02d87cea451c7f5f004f9794a041f34d70dee0b0.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS21513_files&id=/0.png": "files/20180206_RS21513_images_9554cb3bc9584d1dac74676662159dce9391fff2.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS21513", "sha1": "23042edea5eb5e88bf4d733d9a71493938a65b24", "filename": "files/20180206_RS21513_23042edea5eb5e88bf4d733d9a71493938a65b24.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 576090, "date": "2017-11-30", "retrieved": "2017-12-05T13:56:11.070985", "title": "Kuwait: Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy", "summary": "Kuwait remains pivotal to U.S. efforts to secure the Persian Gulf region because of its consistent cooperation with U.S. strategy and operations in the region, and its proximity to both Iran and Iraq. Kuwait and the United States have a formal Defense Cooperation Agreement (DCA), under which the United States maintains forces and prepositioned military equipment in Kuwait to project power in the region. \nKuwait usually acts in concert not only with the United States but also with allies in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Qatar, Bahrain, and Oman). However, Kuwait tends to favor mediation of regional issues over commitments of military force. Kuwait, working with the United States, is the lead mediator of the intra-GCC rift that erupted in June 2017 when Saudi Arabia, UAE, and Bahrain moved to isolate Qatar. Kuwait hosts the operational command center for U.S.-led Operation Inherent Resolve (OIR) that is combating the Islamic State, but Kuwaiti forces have not participated in OIR. The Kuwaiti government has not been reported to support any rebel groups in Syria, instead hosting donor conferences for civilian victims of the Syrian civil war. However, the government has failed to prevent wealthy Kuwaitis from raising funds for extreme Islamist rebels in Syria or elsewhere. Kuwait is participating militarily in the Saudi-led coalition that is trying to defeat the Shiite \u201cHouthi\u201d rebel movement in Yemen, but has also worked to forge a diplomatic solution to that conflict. In March 2011, Kuwait supported the GCC military intervention to help Bahrain\u2019s government suppress an uprising by the majority Shiite population, but it sent only largely symbolic naval ships and not ground forces. Kuwait has supported U.S. efforts to contain Iran and has periodically arrested Kuwaiti Shiites that the government says are spying for Iran, but it also engages Iran at high levels. As part of this engagement, in mid-February 2017, Iran\u2019s President Hassan Rouhani visited Kuwait and Oman\u2014the latter of which consistently engages Iran. \nKuwait\u2019s political system has been widely viewed as a regional model for its successful incorporation of secular and Islamist political factions, both Shiite and Sunni. However, Kuwait experienced political turmoil during 2006-2013, initially manifesting as parliamentary opposition to Sabah family political dominance but later broadening to visible public unrest in 2012-2013 over the ruling family\u2019s power and privileges. Parliamentary elections in July 2013 produced a National Assembly amenable to working with the ruling family, but the elections held on November 26, 2016, saw a return to political strength of Islamist and liberal opponents of the Sabah family who held sway in earlier Assemblies. Their challenges to government policy led to a cabinet resignation in early November. Still, Kuwait\u2019s reputation for political pluralism has been tarnished in recent years as it has followed other GCC states in incarcerating and revoking the citizenship of social media critics for \u201cinsulting the Amir.\u201d On the other hand, Kuwait has been increasing its efforts to curb trafficking in persons over the past few years. \nYears of political paralysis contributed to economic stagnation relative to Kuwait\u2019s more economically vibrant Gulf neighbors such as Qatar and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Like the other GCC states, Kuwait is also struggling with the consequences of the sharp fall in oil prices since mid-2014. Kuwait receives no U.S. foreign assistance, and has offset some of the costs of U.S. operations in the region since Iraq\u2019s 1990 invasion of Kuwait.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS21513", "sha1": "21f213a71e44c8376dd44eceecb51f3c919136b0", "filename": "files/20171130_RS21513_21f213a71e44c8376dd44eceecb51f3c919136b0.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS21513_files&id=/0.png": "files/20171130_RS21513_images_9554cb3bc9584d1dac74676662159dce9391fff2.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS21513", "sha1": "560d51a50f91d23132abf98f2ac059683ef51d0c", "filename": "files/20171130_RS21513_560d51a50f91d23132abf98f2ac059683ef51d0c.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 466023, "date": "2017-09-18", "retrieved": "2017-10-02T22:18:44.225874", "title": "Kuwait: Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy", "summary": "Kuwait remains pivotal to U.S. efforts to secure the Persian Gulf region because of its consistent cooperation with U.S. strategy and operations in the region, and its proximity to both Iran and Iraq. Kuwait and the United States have a formal Defense Cooperation Agreement (DCA), under which the United States maintains forces and prepositioned military equipment in Kuwait to project power and operate in the region. \nOn regional issues, Kuwait usually acts in concert with allies in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Qatar, Bahrain, and Oman), but it has tended to favor mediation of regional issues over commitments of its own military forces. Kuwait, working with the United States, is the lead mediator of the intra-GCC rift that erupted in June 2017 when Saudi Arabia, UAE, and Bahrain moved to isolate Qatar. Kuwait hosts the operational command center for U.S.-led Operation Inherent Resolve (OIR) that is combating the Islamic State, but Kuwait forces have not participated in OIR. The Kuwaiti government has not been reported to support any rebel groups in Syria, but has instead held donor conferences for civilian victims of the Syrian civil war. However, the government has failed to prevent wealthy Kuwaitis from raising funds for extreme Islamist rebels in Syria or elsewhere. Kuwait is participating militarily in the Saudi-led coalition that is trying to defeat the Shiite \u201cHouthi\u201d rebel movement in Yemen, but has also worked to forge a diplomatic solution to that conflict. In March 2011, Kuwait supported the GCC military intervention to help Bahrain\u2019s government suppress an uprising by the majority Shiite population, but it sent only largely symbolic naval ships and not ground forces. Kuwait has supported U.S. efforts to contain Iran and has periodically arrested Kuwaiti Shiites that the government says are spying for Iran, but it also engages Iran at high levels. As part of this engagement, in mid-February 2017, Iran\u2019s President Hassan Rouhani visited Kuwait and Oman\u2014the latter of which consistently engages Iran. \nKuwait\u2019s political system and political culture has been widely viewed as a regional model. It has successfully incorporated secular and Islamist political factions, both Shiite and Sunni, for many decades. However, Kuwait experienced political turmoil during 2006-2013, initially manifesting as parliamentary opposition to Sabah family political dominance but later broadening to visible public unrest in 2012-2013 over the ruling family\u2019s power and privileges. Parliamentary elections in July 2013 produced a National Assembly amenable to working with the ruling family, but the elections held on November 26, 2016, saw a return to political strength of Islamist and liberal opponents of the Sabah family who held sway in earlier Assemblies. The government also has increasingly imprisoned and revoked the citizenship of social media critics for \u201cinsulting the Amir,\u201d tarnishing Kuwait\u2019s reputation for political tolerance. On the other hand, Kuwait has been increasing its efforts to curb trafficking in persons over the past few years. \nYears of political paralysis contributed to economic stagnation relative to Kuwait\u2019s more economically vibrant Gulf neighbors such as Qatar and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Like the other GCC states, Kuwait is also struggling with the consequences of the sharp fall in oil prices since mid-2014. Kuwait receives no U.S. foreign assistance, and has offset some of the costs of U.S. operations in the region since Iraq\u2019s 1990 invasion of Kuwait.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS21513", "sha1": "802aae87f0e954fc941e37ff06955635edea5175", "filename": "files/20170918_RS21513_802aae87f0e954fc941e37ff06955635edea5175.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS21513_files&id=/0.png": "files/20170918_RS21513_images_9554cb3bc9584d1dac74676662159dce9391fff2.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS21513", "sha1": "6d8b6d8a1b0662283aecff2d7b196f6f77e332e0", "filename": "files/20170918_RS21513_6d8b6d8a1b0662283aecff2d7b196f6f77e332e0.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 462455, "date": "2017-07-07", "retrieved": "2017-08-22T13:59:39.892045", "title": "Kuwait: Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy", "summary": "Kuwait remains pivotal to U.S. efforts to secure the Persian Gulf region because of its consistent cooperation with U.S. strategy and operations in the region and its proximity to both Iran and Iraq. Kuwait and the United States have a formal Defense Cooperation Agreement (DCA), under which the United States maintains forces and pre-positioned military equipment in Kuwait to project power and operate in the region. \nOn regional issues, Kuwait usually acts in concert with allies in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Qatar, Bahrain, and Oman), but it has tended to favor mediation of regional issues over commitments of its own military forces. Kuwait, working with the United States, has emerged as the leading mediator of the June 2017 crisis involving Saudi Arabia, UAE and Bahrain\u2019s decision to isolate Qatar. Kuwait hosts the operational command center for U.S.-led Operation Inherent Resolve (OIR) that is combating the Islamic State, but Kuwait forces have not participated in OIR. The Kuwaiti government is not reported to be supporting any rebel groups in Syria, instead holding international donor conferences for civilian victims of the Syrian civil war. Some U.S.-Kuwait differences linger over Kuwait\u2019s apparent failure to prevent wealthy Kuwaitis from raising funds for extreme Islamist rebels in Syria or elsewhere. Kuwait is participating militarily in the Saudi-led coalition that is trying to defeat the Shiite \u201cHouthi\u201d rebel movement in Yemen, but has also worked to forge a diplomatic solution to that conflict. In March 2011, Kuwait supported the GCC military intervention to help Bahrain\u2019s government suppress an uprising by the majority Shiite population, but it sent only largely symbolic naval ships and not ground forces. Kuwait has supported U.S. efforts to contain Iran and has periodically arrested Kuwaiti Shiites that the government says are spying for Iran, but it also engages Iran at high levels. As part of this engagement, in mid-February 2017, Iran\u2019s President Hassan Rouhani visited Kuwait and Oman\u2014the latter of which consistently engages Iran. \nKuwait\u2019s political system and political culture has been widely viewed as a regional model. It has successfully incorporated secular and Islamist political factions, both Shiite and Sunni, for many decades. However, Kuwait experienced political turmoil during 2006-2013, initially manifesting as parliamentary opposition to Sabah family political dominance but later broadening to visible public unrest in 2012-2013 over the ruling family\u2019s power and privileges. Parliamentary elections in July 2013 produced a National Assembly amenable to working with the ruling family, but the elections held on November 26, 2016, saw a return to political strength of Islamist and liberal opponents of the Sabah family who held sway in earlier Assemblies. The government also has increasingly imprisoned and revoked the citizenship of social media critics for \u201cinsulting the Amir,\u201d tarnishing Kuwait\u2019s reputation for political tolerance. On the other hand, Kuwait has been increasing its efforts to curb trafficking in persons over the past few years. \nYears of political paralysis also have contributed to economic stagnation relative to Kuwait\u2019s more economically vibrant Gulf neighbors such as Qatar and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Like the other GCC states, Kuwait is also struggling with the consequences of the sharp fall in oil prices since mid-2014. Kuwait receives no U.S. foreign assistance, and has offset some of the costs of U.S. operations in the region since Iraq\u2019s 1990 invasion of Kuwait.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS21513", "sha1": "7e5385a9b8301560c64b471557fa24635b8bcbfc", "filename": "files/20170707_RS21513_7e5385a9b8301560c64b471557fa24635b8bcbfc.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS21513_files&id=/0.png": "files/20170707_RS21513_images_9554cb3bc9584d1dac74676662159dce9391fff2.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS21513", "sha1": "3a266a87d61b436b2ddd63a34ca1d4b66cb227ad", "filename": "files/20170707_RS21513_3a266a87d61b436b2ddd63a34ca1d4b66cb227ad.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 461288, "date": "2017-05-15", "retrieved": "2017-05-24T16:20:56.304894", "title": "Kuwait: Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy", "summary": "Kuwait remains pivotal to U.S. efforts to secure the Persian Gulf region because of its consistent cooperation with U.S. strategy and operations in the region and its proximity to both Iran and Iraq. Kuwait and the United States have a formal Defense Cooperation Agreement (DCA), under which the United States maintains forces and pre-positioned military equipment in Kuwait. These forces contribute to U.S. efforts to project power and otherwise operate in the region, including combatting the Islamic State. Kuwait receives no U.S. foreign assistance, and has offset some of the costs of U.S. operations in the region since Iraq\u2019s 1990 invasion of Kuwait. \nOn regional issues, Kuwait usually acts in concert with allies in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Qatar, Bahrain, and Oman). In March 2011, Kuwait supported the GCC military intervention to help Bahrain\u2019s government suppress an uprising by the majority Shiite population, but it sent only largely symbolic naval ships and not ground forces. Kuwait is participating militarily in the Saudi-led coalition that is trying to defeat the Shiite \u201cHouthi\u201d rebel movement in Yemen, but has also worked to forge a diplomatic solution to that conflict. Kuwait\u2019s leadership, along with that of Saudi Arabia and UAE, supported the Egyptian military\u2019s July 2013 removal of elected president and senior Muslim Brotherhood leader Mohammad Morsi. Kuwait has supported U.S. efforts to contain Iran and has periodically arrested Kuwaiti Shiites that the government says are spying for Iran, but it also engages Iran at high levels, including on the Yemen conflict. As part of this engagement, in mid-February 2017, Iran\u2019s President Hassan Rouhani visited Kuwait and Oman - the GCC state that most consistently engages Iran. \nKuwait supports U.S.-led efforts to combat the Islamic State organization by hosting the operational command center for U.S.-led Operation Inherent Resolve (OIR) and allowing U.S. and partner forces to use its military facilities, but it is not participating militarily in OIR. The Kuwaiti government is not reported to be supporting any rebel groups in Syria, instead holding international donor conferences for civilian victims of the Syrian civil war. Some U.S.-Kuwait differences linger over Kuwait\u2019s apparent failure to prevent wealthy Kuwaitis from raising funds for extreme Islamist rebels in Syria or elsewhere. \nKuwait\u2019s political system and political culture has been widely viewed as a regional model. It has successfully incorporated secular and Islamist political factions, both Shiite and Sunni, for many decades. However, Kuwait experienced political turmoil during 2006-2013, initially manifesting as parliamentary opposition to Sabah family political dominance but later broadening to visible public unrest in 2012-2013 over the ruling family\u2019s power and privileges. Parliamentary elections in July 2013 produced a National Assembly amenable to working with the ruling family, but the elections held on November 26, 2016, saw a return to political strength of Islamist and liberal opponents of the Sabah family who held sway in earlier Assemblies. The government also has increasingly imprisoned and revoked the citizenship of social media critics for \u201cinsulting the Amir,\u201d tarnishing Kuwait\u2019s reputation for political tolerance. On the other hand, Kuwait has increased efforts to curb trafficking in persons, causing the State Department to upgrade Kuwait\u2019s rating in the 2016 report on that issue. \nYears of political paralysis also have contributed to economic stagnation relative to Kuwait\u2019s more economically vibrant Gulf neighbors such as Qatar and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). As are the other GCC states, Kuwait is also struggling with the consequences of the sharp fall in oil prices since mid-2014.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS21513", "sha1": "558c46e7e6e538583b2d0ca06d6fc72c0e62f082", "filename": "files/20170515_RS21513_558c46e7e6e538583b2d0ca06d6fc72c0e62f082.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS21513", "sha1": "950102779a0d69fc0f6c3b17b3d87e31dae7ac03", "filename": "files/20170515_RS21513_950102779a0d69fc0f6c3b17b3d87e31dae7ac03.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 459463, "date": "2017-03-08", "retrieved": "2017-03-09T17:47:12.680639", "title": "Kuwait: Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy", "summary": "Kuwait remains pivotal to U.S. efforts to secure the Persian Gulf region because of its consistent cooperation with U.S. strategy and operations in the region and its proximity to both Iran and Iraq. Kuwait and the United States have a formal Defense Cooperation Agreement (DCA) under which the United States maintains forces and pre-positioned military equipment in Kuwait. These forces contribute to U.S. efforts to project power and otherwise operate in the region, including to combat the Islamic State. Kuwait receives no U.S. foreign assistance, and has offset some of the costs of U.S. operations in the region since Iraq\u2019s 1990 invasion of Kuwait. \nOn regional issues, Kuwait usually, but not always, acts in concert with its allies in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Qatar, Bahrain, and Oman). In March 2011, Kuwait supported the GCC military intervention to help Bahrain\u2019s government suppress an uprising by the majority Shiite population, but it sent only largely symbolic naval ships and not ground forces. Kuwait\u2019s leadership, along with that of Saudi Arabia and UAE, sees Muslim Brotherhood-related organizations as a potential domestic threat, and all three countries supported the Egyptian military\u2019s July 2013 removal of elected president and senior Muslim Brotherhood leader Mohammad Morsi. Kuwait is participating militarily in the Saudi-led coalition that is trying to defeat the Shiite \u201cHouthi\u201d rebel movement in Yemen, but has also focused on trying to forge a diplomatic solution to that conflict. Kuwait has supported U.S. efforts to contain Iran and has periodically arrested Kuwaiti Shiites that the government says are spying for Iran, but it also engages Iran at high levels, including on the Yemen conflict. As part of this engagement, in mid-February 2017, Iran\u2019s President Hassan Rouhani visited Kuwait and the other GCC state that consistently engages Iran, the Sultanate of Oman. Kuwait has generally refrained from offering its own proposals to resolve the Israeli-Palestinian dispute.\nKuwait supports U.S.-led efforts to combat the Islamic State organization by hosting the operational command center for U.S.-led Operation Inherent Resolve (OIR) and allowing U.S. and partner forces to use its military facilities, but it is not participating militarily in OIR. The Kuwaiti government is not reported to be supporting any rebel groups in Syria, instead holding international donor conferences for civilian victims of the Syrian civil war. Some U.S.-Kuwait differences linger over Kuwait\u2019s apparent failure to prevent wealthy Kuwaitis from raising funds for extreme Islamist rebels in Syria or elsewhere. \nKuwait\u2019s political system and political culture has been widely viewed as a regional model. It has successfully incorporated secular and Islamist political factions, both Shiite and Sunni, for many decades. However, Kuwait experienced political turmoil during 2006-2013, initially manifesting as parliamentary opposition to Sabah family political dominance but later broadening to visible public unrest in 2012-2013 over the ruling family\u2019s power and privileges. Parliamentary elections in July 2013 produced a National Assembly amenable to working with the ruling family, but the elections held on November 26, 2016, saw a return to political strength of Islamist and liberal opponents of the Sabah family who held sway in earlier Assemblies. The government also has increasingly imprisoned and revoked the citizenship of social media critics for \u201cinsulting the Amir,\u201d tarnishing Kuwait\u2019s reputation for political tolerance. On the other hand, Kuwait has made increased efforts to curb trafficking in persons, causing the State Department to upgrade Kuwait\u2019s rating in the 2016 report on that issue. \nYears of political paralysis also have contributed to economic stagnation relative to Kuwait\u2019s more economically vibrant Gulf neighbors such as Qatar and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). As are the other GCC states, Kuwait is also struggling with the consequences of the sharp fall in oil prices since mid-2014.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS21513", "sha1": "412cb40c30e52bdc3fbd9edc2c0aa77a3dfc79ac", "filename": "files/20170308_RS21513_412cb40c30e52bdc3fbd9edc2c0aa77a3dfc79ac.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS21513", "sha1": "b9636ed1c5f1369febcb0bfd55cfed957015bde7", "filename": "files/20170308_RS21513_b9636ed1c5f1369febcb0bfd55cfed957015bde7.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 457366, "date": "2016-12-01", "retrieved": "2016-12-09T19:08:08.581540", "title": "Kuwait: Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy", "summary": "Kuwait remains pivotal to U.S. efforts to secure the Persian Gulf region because of its consistent cooperation with U.S. strategy and operations in the region and its proximity to both Iran and Iraq. Kuwait and the United States have a formal Defense Cooperation Agreement (DCA) under which the United States maintains forces and pre-positioned military equipment in Kuwait. These forces contribute to U.S. efforts to project power and otherwise operate in the region, including to combat against the Islamic State. Kuwait has offset some of the costs of U.S. operations in the region since Iraq\u2019s 1990 invasion of Kuwait, and receives no U.S. foreign assistance. \nOn regional issues, Kuwait usually acts in concert with its allies in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Qatar, Bahrain, and Oman). In March 2011, Kuwait supported the GCC military intervention to help Bahrain\u2019s government suppress an uprising by the majority Shiite population, but it sent only largely symbolic naval ships and not ground forces. Kuwait\u2019s leadership, along with that of Saudi Arabia and UAE, sees Muslim Brotherhood-related organizations as a potential domestic threat, and all three countries supported the Egyptian military\u2019s July 2013 removal of elected president and senior Muslim Brotherhood leader Mohammad Morsi. Kuwait is participating militarily in the Saudi-led coalition that is trying to defeat the Shiite \u201cHouthi\u201d rebel movement in Yemen, but has also focused on trying to forge a diplomatic solution to that conflict. Kuwait has supported U.S. efforts to contain Iran and has periodically arrested Kuwaiti Shiites that the government says are supporting alleged anti-government plots, but it also engages Iran at high levels. Kuwait has generally refrained from offering proposals to resolve the Israeli-Palestinian dispute.\nKuwait is supporting U.S.-led efforts to combat the Islamic State organization by hosting the operational command center for U.S.-led Operation Inherent Resolve (OIR) and allowing U.S. and partner forces to use its military facilities. But, Kuwait is not participating militarily in OIR. The Kuwaiti government is not reported to be supporting any rebel groups in Syria, instead holding international donor conferences for civilian victims of the Syrian civil war. Some U.S.-Kuwait differences linger over Kuwait\u2019s apparent failure to prevent wealthy Kuwaitis from raising funds for extreme Islamist rebels in Syria. \nKuwait\u2019s political system and political culture has been widely viewed as a regional model. It has successfully incorporated secular and Islamist political factions, both Shiite and Sunni, for many decades. However, Kuwait experienced political turmoil during 2006-2013, initially manifesting as parliamentary opposition to Sabah family political dominance but later broadening to visible public unrest in 2012-2013 over the ruling family\u2019s power and privileges. Parliamentary elections in July 2013 produced a National Assembly amenable to working with the ruling family, but the elections held on November 26, 2016, saw a return to political strength of Islamist and liberal opponents of the Sabah family who held sway in earlier Assemblies. The government also has increasingly imprisoned and revoked the citizenship of social media critics for \u201cinsulting the Amir,\u201d tarnishing Kuwait\u2019s reputation for political tolerance. On the other hand, Kuwait has made increased efforts to curb trafficking in persons, causing the State Department to upgrade Kuwait\u2019s rating in the 2016 report on that issue. \nYears of political paralysis also have contributed to economic stagnation relative to Kuwait\u2019s more economically vibrant Gulf neighbors such as Qatar and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). As are the other GCC states, Kuwait is also struggling with the consequences of the sharp fall in oil prices since mid-2014.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS21513", "sha1": "3e3c3e456510bf86505836e816b4527dcbd86d2a", "filename": "files/20161201_RS21513_3e3c3e456510bf86505836e816b4527dcbd86d2a.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS21513", "sha1": "862bd9509ecddda8d027a6f1e04d17657058094a", "filename": "files/20161201_RS21513_862bd9509ecddda8d027a6f1e04d17657058094a.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 456165, "date": "2016-09-29", "retrieved": "2016-10-17T19:23:07.726361", "title": "Kuwait: Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy", "summary": "Kuwait remains pivotal to U.S. efforts to secure the Persian Gulf region because of its consistent cooperation with U.S. strategy and operations in the region and its proximity to both Iran and Iraq. Kuwait and the United States have a formal Defense Cooperation Agreement (DCA) under which the United States maintains forces and pre-positioned military equipment in Kuwait. These forces contribute to U.S. efforts to project power and otherwise operate in the region, including to combat against the Islamic State. Kuwait has been a significant donor to U.S. operations in the region since Iraq\u2019s 1990 invasion of Kuwait, and has received no U.S. foreign assistance in recent years. \nOn regional issues, Kuwait usually acts in partnership with its allies in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Qatar, Bahrain, and Oman). In March 2011, Kuwait joined a GCC military intervention to help Bahrain\u2019s government suppress an uprising by the majority Shiite population, but it sent only largely symbolic naval ships and not ground forces for that intervention. Kuwait\u2019s leadership, along with that of Saudi Arabia and UAE, sees Muslim Brotherhood-related organizations as a potential domestic threat, and all three countries supported the Egyptian military\u2019s July 2013 removal of elected president and senior Muslim Brotherhood leader Mohammad Morsi. Kuwait has participated militarily in the Saudi-led coalition that is trying to defeat the Shiite \u201cHouthi\u201d rebel movement in Yemen, but has also focused on trying to forge a diplomatic solution to that conflict. Kuwait has supported U.S. efforts to contain Iran and it has periodically arrested Kuwaiti Shiites that the government says are supporting alleged anti-government plots, but it also maintains relatively normal relations with Iran. Kuwait has generally refrained from offering proposals to resolve the Israeli-Palestinian dispute.\nKuwait is supporting U.S.-led efforts to combat the Islamic State organization by hosting the operational command center for U.S.-led Operation Inherent Resolve (OIR) and allowing U.S. and partner forces to use Kuwaiti military facilities. But, Kuwait is not participating militarily in OIR. The Kuwaiti government is not reported to be supporting any rebel groups in Syria, instead focusing on holding international conferences to pledge humanitarian aid for civilian victims of the Syrian civil war. Some U.S.-Kuwait differences linger over Kuwait\u2019s apparent failure to prevent wealthy Kuwaitis from raising funds for extreme Islamist rebels in Syria. \nKuwait\u2019s political system and political culture has been widely viewed as a regional model. It has successfully incorporated secular and Islamist political factions, both Shiite and Sunni, for many decades. However, Kuwait experienced political turmoil during 2006-2013, initially manifesting as parliamentary opposition to Sabah family political dominance but later broadening to visible public unrest in 2012-2013 over the ruling family\u2019s power and privileges. The latest parliamentary elections, in July 2013, produced a National Assembly amenable to working with the ruling family. The government also has increasingly imprisoned and revoked the citizenship of social media critics for \u201cinsulting the Amir,\u201d tarnishing Kuwait\u2019s reputation for political tolerance. On the other hand, Kuwait has made increased efforts to curb trafficking in persons, causing the State Department to upgrade Kuwait\u2019s rating in the 2016 report on that issue. \nYears of political paralysis also have contributed to economic stagnation relative to Kuwait\u2019s more economically vibrant Gulf neighbors such as Qatar and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). As are the other GCC states, Kuwait is also struggling with the consequences of the sharp fall in oil prices since mid-2014.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS21513", "sha1": "972ae9bb7faa9bf28f4dbac12bd3b8a081fb5349", "filename": "files/20160929_RS21513_972ae9bb7faa9bf28f4dbac12bd3b8a081fb5349.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS21513", "sha1": "0fb4f1e11e49e50e0e363f04553c1506b78dfbf6", "filename": "files/20160929_RS21513_0fb4f1e11e49e50e0e363f04553c1506b78dfbf6.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 454403, "date": "2016-07-21", "retrieved": "2016-09-09T19:09:20.032603", "title": "Kuwait: Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy", "summary": "Kuwait remains pivotal to U.S. efforts to secure the Persian Gulf region because of its consistent cooperation with U.S. strategy and operations in the region and its proximity to both Iran and Iraq. Kuwait and the United States have a formal Defense Cooperation Agreement (DCA) that enables the United States to maintain forces in Kuwait. These forces contribute to U.S. efforts to project power and otherwise operate in the region, including to combat against the Islamic State. Kuwait has been a significant donor to U.S. operations in the region since Iraq\u2019s 1990 invasion of Kuwait, and has received no U.S. foreign assistance in recent years. \nOn regional issues, Kuwait usually acts in partnership with its allies in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Qatar, Bahrain, and Oman). In March 2011, Kuwait joined a GCC military intervention to help Bahrain\u2019s government suppress an uprising by the majority Shiite population, but it sent only largely symbolic naval ships and not ground forces for that intervention. Kuwait\u2019s leadership, along with that of Saudi Arabia and UAE, sees Muslim Brotherhood-related organizations as a potential domestic threat, and all three countries supported the Egyptian military\u2019s July 2013 removal of elected president and senior Muslim Brotherhood leader Mohammad Morsi. Kuwait is participating militarily in the Saudi-led coalition that is trying to defeat the Shiite \u201cHouthi\u201d rebel movement in Yemen. Kuwait has supported U.S. efforts to contain Iran and it has periodically arrested Kuwaiti Shiites that the government says are supporting alleged anti-government plots, but it also maintains relatively normal relations with Iran. Kuwait has tended to defer to GCC leader Saudi Arabia and other GCC states in offering proposals to resolve the Israeli-Palestinian dispute.\nKuwait is supporting U.S.-led efforts to combat the Islamic State organization by hosting the operational command center for U.S.-led Operation Inherent Resolve (OIR) and allowing U.S. and partner forces to use Kuwaiti military facilities. But, Kuwait is not participating militarily in OIR. The Kuwaiti government is not reported to be supporting any rebel groups in Syria, instead focusing on holding international conferences to pledge humanitarian aid for civilian victims of the Syrian civil war. Some U.S.-Kuwait differences linger over what U.S. officials say is Kuwait\u2019s failure to stop wealthy Kuwaitis from raising funds for extreme Islamist rebels in Syria. \nKuwait\u2019s political system and political culture has been widely viewed as a regional model. It has successfully incorporated secular and Islamist political factions, both Shiite and Sunni, for many decades. However, Kuwait experienced political turmoil during 2006-2013, initially manifesting as parliamentary opposition to Sabah family political dominance but later broadening to visible public unrest in 2012-2013 over the ruling family\u2019s power and privileges. The latest parliamentary elections, in July 2013, produced a National Assembly amenable to working with the ruling family. The government also has increasingly imprisoned and revoked the citizenship of social media critics for \u201cinsulting the Amir,\u201d tarnishing Kuwait\u2019s reputation for political tolerance. On the other hand, Kuwait has made increased efforts to curb trafficking in persons, causing the State Department to upgrade Kuwait\u2019s 2016 rating in the 2016 report on that issue. \nYears of political paralysis also have contributed to economic stagnation relative to Kuwait\u2019s more economically vibrant Gulf neighbors such as Qatar and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). As are the other GCC states, Kuwait is also struggling with the consequences of the sharp fall in oil prices since mid-2014.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS21513", "sha1": "15ddc4768bf0acf8cccdddc6c56537a57cdd216c", "filename": "files/20160721_RS21513_15ddc4768bf0acf8cccdddc6c56537a57cdd216c.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS21513", "sha1": "3a5121ce21cfd9866cfc23849297f2f3b5f297aa", "filename": "files/20160721_RS21513_3a5121ce21cfd9866cfc23849297f2f3b5f297aa.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 282, "name": "Middle East and North Africa" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 452363, "date": "2016-05-04", "retrieved": "2016-05-24T19:11:50.111941", "title": "Kuwait: Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy", "summary": "Kuwait remains pivotal to U.S. efforts to secure the Persian Gulf region because of its consistent cooperation with U.S. strategy and operations in the region and its proximity to both Iran and Iraq. Kuwait has a Defense Cooperation Agreement (DCA) with the United States dating back to the aftermath of the February 1991 U.S.-led expulsion of Iraqi occupation forces from Kuwait. The pact enables the United States to maintain forces in Kuwait that are crucial to the U.S. ability to project power in the region and to combat against the Islamic State. Kuwait has received no U.S. foreign assistance in recent years; it has been a significant donor to U.S. operations in the region since Iraq\u2019s 1990 invasion of Kuwait.\nOn regional issues, Kuwait usually acts in partnership with its allies in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Qatar, Bahrain, and Oman), but it does not always take the same actions that other GCC states do. In March 2011, Kuwait joined a GCC military intervention to help Bahrain\u2019s government suppress an uprising by the majority Shiite population, but it sent only largely symbolic naval ships and not ground forces for that intervention. Kuwait\u2019s leadership, along with that of Saudi Arabia and UAE, sees Muslim Brotherhood-related organizations as a potential domestic threat, and all three countries supported the Egyptian military\u2019s July 2013 removal of elected president and senior Muslim Brotherhood leader Mohammad Morsi. Kuwait is participating militarily in the Saudi-led coalition that is trying to defeat the Shiite \u201cHouthi\u201d rebel movement in Yemen. Kuwait has supported U.S. efforts to try to modify Iran\u2019s behavior and it has periodically arrested Kuwaiti Shiites that the government says are supporting alleged anti-government plots, but it also maintains relatively normal relations with Iran. Kuwait has tended to defer to GCC leader Saudi Arabia and other GCC states in offering proposals to resolve the Israeli-Palestinian dispute.\nKuwait is supporting U.S.-led efforts to defeat the Islamic State organization by hosting the operational command center for U.S.-led Operation Inherent Resolve (OIR) and allowing its forces to use Kuwait\u2019s airbases and other military facilities. But, Kuwait is not participating militarily in OIR either in Iraq or in Syria, and the Kuwaiti government is not reported to be supporting any rebel groups in Syria. It has instead focused on holding international conferences to pledge humanitarian aid for civilian victims of the Syrian civil war. Some U.S.-Kuwait differences linger over what U.S. officials say is Kuwait\u2019s failure to stop wealthy Kuwaitis from raising funds for extreme Islamist rebels in Syria. \nKuwait\u2019s political system and political culture has been widely viewed as a regional model. It has successfully incorporated secular and Islamist political factions, both Shiite and Sunni, for many decades. However, Kuwait was in turmoil during 2006-2013, initially manifesting as parliamentary opposition to Sabah family political dominance but later broadening to visible public unrest in 2012-2013 over the ruling family\u2019s power and privileges. The latest parliamentary elections, in July 2013, produced a National Assembly amenable to working with the ruling family. The government also has increasingly imprisoned and revoked the citizenship of social media critics for \u201cinsulting the Amir\u201d\u2014somewhat tarnishing Kuwait\u2019s reputation for political tolerance. \nYears of political paralysis also have contributed to economic stagnation relative to Kuwait\u2019s more economically vibrant Gulf neighbors such as Qatar and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). As are the other GCC states, Kuwait is also struggling with the consequences of the sharp fall in oil prices since mid-2014.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS21513", "sha1": "6d083bf42b31e28cc24ca883573d9c1a3852158f", "filename": "files/20160504_RS21513_6d083bf42b31e28cc24ca883573d9c1a3852158f.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS21513", "sha1": "76829ad901c824f7a41c3b16db6f25ba1945ef01", "filename": "files/20160504_RS21513_76829ad901c824f7a41c3b16db6f25ba1945ef01.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 282, "name": "Middle East and North Africa" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 450020, "date": "2016-02-19", "retrieved": "2016-04-06T17:07:20.929950", "title": "Kuwait: Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy", "summary": "Kuwait remains pivotal to U.S. efforts to secure the Persian Gulf region because of its consistent cooperation with U.S. strategy and operations in the region and its proximity to both Iran and Iraq. Kuwait has a long-standing Defense Cooperation Agreement (DCA) with the United States dating back to the aftermath of the February 1991 U.S.-led expulsion of Iraqi occupation forces from Kuwait. The DCA enables the United States to maintain forces in Kuwait that are crucial to the U.S. ability to project power in the region and to combat against the Islamic State. Kuwait receives virtually no U.S. foreign assistance and has been a significant donor to U.S. operations in the region since Iraq\u2019s 1990 invasion of Kuwait.\nOn regional issues, Kuwait usually acts in partnership with its allies in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Qatar, Bahrain, and Oman), although Kuwait does not always take the same actions that some other GCC states do. In March 2011, Kuwait joined a GCC military intervention to help Bahrain\u2019s government suppress an uprising by the majority Shiite population, but it sent only largely symbolic naval ships and not ground forces for that intervention. Kuwait\u2019s leadership, along with that of Saudi Arabia and UAE, sees Muslim Brotherhood-related organizations as a potential domestic threat, and all three countries supported the Egyptian military\u2019s July 2013 removal of elected president and senior Muslim Brotherhood leader Mohammad Morsi. Kuwait has tended to defer to GCC leader Saudi Arabia and other GCC states in offering proposals to resolve the Israeli-Palestinian dispute. Kuwait is participating militarily in the Saudi-led coalition that is trying to defeat the Shiite \u201cHouthi\u201d rebel movement in Yemen. Kuwait has supported U.S. efforts to try to modify Iran\u2019s behavior and contain its power, and it periodically arrests Kuwaiti Shiites that the government says are supporting alleged anti-government plots in Kuwait, but it also maintains relatively normal economic and political relations with Iran that include leadership visits. \nKuwait is supporting U.S.-led efforts to defeat the Islamic State organization by hosting the operational command center for U.S.-led Operation Inherent Resolve (OIR) and allowing its forces to use Kuwait\u2019s airbases and other military facilities. But, Kuwait is not participating militarily in OIR either in Iraq or in Syria, and the Kuwaiti government is not reported to be supporting any rebel groups in Syria. It has instead focused on holding international conferences to pledge humanitarian aid for civilian victims of the Syrian civil war. Some U.S.-Kuwait differences linger over what U.S. officials say is Kuwait\u2019s failure to stop wealthy Kuwaitis from raising funds for extreme Islamist rebels in Syria. \nKuwait\u2019s political system and political culture has been widely viewed as a regional model. It has successfully incorporated secular and Islamist political factions, both Shiite and Sunni, for many decades. However, Kuwait was in turmoil during 2006-2013, initially manifesting as parliamentary opposition to Sabah family political dominance but later broadening to visible public unrest in 2012-2013 over the ruling family\u2019s power and privileges. The latest parliamentary elections, in July 2013, produced a National Assembly amenable to working with the ruling family. The government also has increasingly imprisoned and revoked the citizenship of social media critics for \u201cinsulting the Amir\u201d\u2014somewhat tarnishing Kuwait\u2019s reputation for political tolerance. And, widening tensions between the GCC countries and Iran have spilled over into somewhat increased tensions between Kuwait\u2019s Sunnis and Shiites as well. \nYears of political paralysis also have contributed to economic stagnation relative to Kuwait\u2019s more economically vibrant Gulf neighbors such as Qatar and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). As are the other GCC states, Kuwait is also struggling with the consequences of the sharp fall in oil prices since mid-2014.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS21513", "sha1": "40faea7f10d88a7027c281d74aa231cbe544ce26", "filename": "files/20160219_RS21513_40faea7f10d88a7027c281d74aa231cbe544ce26.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS21513", "sha1": "a08322d8fc891495ff79af33eaaf5bb89b15fa58", "filename": "files/20160219_RS21513_a08322d8fc891495ff79af33eaaf5bb89b15fa58.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 282, "name": "Middle East and North Africa" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc795347/", "id": "RS21513_2015Oct01", "date": "2015-10-01", "retrieved": "2016-01-13T14:26:20", "title": "Kuwait: Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy", "summary": "This report looks at Kuwait's relationships with its neighbors in the Persian Gulf, and its own political system which has been in turmoil since 2006. 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