{
  "id": "RS21556",
  "type": "CRS Report",
  "typeId": "REPORTS",
  "number": "RS21556",
  "active": false,
  "source": "EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
  "versions": [
    {
      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 416588,
      "date": "2010-04-08",
      "retrieved": "2016-04-07T01:46:08.113552",
      "title": "Agricultural Biotechnology: The U.S.-EU Dispute",
      "summary": "In May 2003, the United States, Canada, and Argentina initiated a dispute with the European Union concerning the EU\u2019s de facto moratorium on biotechnology product approvals, in place since 1998. Although the EU effectively lifted the moratorium in May 2004 by approving a genetically engineered (GE) corn variety (MON810), the three complainants pursued the case, in part because a number of EU member states continue to block already approved biotech products. Industry estimates are that the moratorium costs U.S. corn growers some $300 million in exports to the EU annually. Corn gluten exports from the United States to the EU have been blocked since 2007 because of a zero tolerance policy governing the accidental presence of non-approved U.S. GE corn in such shipments. \nOn November 21, 2006, the WTO\u2019s Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) adopted the dispute panel\u2019s report, which ruled that a moratorium had existed, that bans on EU-approved GE crops in six EU member countries violated WTO rules, and that the EU failed to ensure that its approval procedures were conducted without \u201cundue delay.\u201d The EU announced it would not appeal the ruling. The United States and EU agreed on November 21, 2007 (subsequently extended to January 11, 2008), as a deadline for EU implementation of the panel report. On January 11, 2008, the U.S. Trade Representative announced that, while it was reserving its rights to retaliate, it would hold off seeking a compliance ruling while the United States sought to normalize trade in biotechnology products with the EU. \nIn the meantime, co-complainants Canada (July 15, 2009) and Argentina (March 18, 2010) have reached \u201cfinal settlements\u201d in the biotech dispute with the EU. Canada, Argentina, and the EU notified the DSB of their mutually agreed solution under Article 3.6 of the DSU. The parties agreed to establish a bilateral dialogue on agricultural biotech market access issues of mutual interest. \nU.S. agricultural and trade officials continue to criticize the EU for its biotech approval processes. During the second session of the 111th Congress, Members with agricultural interests may debate the issue of whether to continue a dialogue with the EU on re-establishing trade in biotechnology products or to seek retaliation for presumed lack of EU compliance with the panel decision.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORTS",
      "active": false,
      "formats": [
        {
          "format": "HTML",
          "encoding": "utf-8",
          "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS21556",
          "sha1": "aa216d8b3d7820030baa6de661ce584ab985eafe",
          "filename": "files/20100408_RS21556_aa216d8b3d7820030baa6de661ce584ab985eafe.html",
          "images": null
        },
        {
          "format": "PDF",
          "encoding": null,
          "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS21556",
          "sha1": "90ae3bd461abd7d052d2e3dd5e1cdeb3b86a071f",
          "filename": "files/20100408_RS21556_90ae3bd461abd7d052d2e3dd5e1cdeb3b86a071f.pdf",
          "images": null
        }
      ],
      "topics": []
    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc815921/",
      "id": "RS21556_2008Jan28",
      "date": "2008-01-28",
      "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26",
      "title": "Agricultural Biotechnology: The U.S.-EU Dispute",
      "summary": null,
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORT",
      "active": false,
      "formats": [
        {
          "format": "PDF",
          "filename": "files/20080128_RS21556_707898d07da1d43b2358ab991127eafb35c35b7b.pdf"
        },
        {
          "format": "HTML",
          "filename": "files/20080128_RS21556_707898d07da1d43b2358ab991127eafb35c35b7b.html"
        }
      ],
      "topics": []
    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc821908/",
      "id": "RS21556_2007Jan23",
      "date": "2007-01-23",
      "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26",
      "title": "Agricultural Biotechnology: The U.S.-EU Dispute",
      "summary": null,
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORT",
      "active": false,
      "formats": [
        {
          "format": "PDF",
          "filename": "files/20070123_RS21556_a5c1b2be27157a5b3ff1e0688e1ec50f2cd2d2a0.pdf"
        },
        {
          "format": "HTML",
          "filename": "files/20070123_RS21556_a5c1b2be27157a5b3ff1e0688e1ec50f2cd2d2a0.html"
        }
      ],
      "topics": []
    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9130/",
      "id": "RS21556 2006-03-10",
      "date": "2006-03-10",
      "retrieved": "2006-08-10T14:38:05",
      "title": "Agricultural Biotechnology: The U.S.-EU Dispute",
      "summary": "In May 2003, the United States, Canada, and Argentina initiated a formal challenge before the World Trade Organization (WTO) of the European Union\u2019s (EU\u2019s) de facto moratorium on approving new agricultural biotechnology products, in place since 1998. Although the EU effectively lifted the moratorium in May 2004 by approving a genetically engineered (GE) corn variety, the three countries are pursuing the case, in part because a number of EU member states continue to block approved biotech products. Because of delays, the WTO is expected to decide the case by December 2005. The moratorium reportedly cost U.S. corn growers some $300 million in exports to the EU annually. The EU moratorium, U.S. officials contend, threatened other agricultural exports not only to the EU, but also to other parts of the world where the EU approach to regulating agricultural biotechnology is taking hold.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORT",
      "active": false,
      "formats": [
        {
          "format": "PDF",
          "filename": "files/20060310_RS21556_e40c2d7c03f9c6ab4cf63cfaa9a411fb3a1bbe79.pdf"
        },
        {
          "format": "HTML",
          "filename": "files/20060310_RS21556_e40c2d7c03f9c6ab4cf63cfaa9a411fb3a1bbe79.html"
        }
      ],
      "topics": [
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Agriculture",
          "name": "Agriculture"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Agricultural biotechnology",
          "name": "Agricultural biotechnology"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Agriculture in foreign trade",
          "name": "Agriculture in foreign trade"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Trade",
          "name": "Trade"
        },
        {
          "source": "KWD",
          "id": "European Union",
          "name": "European Union"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs9097/",
      "id": "RS21556 2005-11-17",
      "date": "2005-11-17",
      "retrieved": "2006-08-10T14:37:54",
      "title": "Agricultural Biotechnology: The U.S.-EU Dispute",
      "summary": "In May 2003, the United States, Canada, and Argentina initiated a formal challenge before the World Trade Organization (WTO) of the European Union\u2019s (EU\u2019s) de facto moratorium on approving new agricultural biotechnology products, in place since 1998. Although the EU effectively lifted the moratorium in May 2004 by approving a\r\ngenetically engineered (GE) corn variety, the three countries are pursuing the case, in part because a number of EU member states continue to block approved biotech products. Because of delays, the WTO is expected to decide the case by December 2005. The moratorium reportedly cost U.S. corn growers some $300 million in exports to the EU annually. The EU moratorium, U.S. officials contend, threatened other agricultural exports not only to the EU, but also to other parts of the world where the EU approach to regulating agricultural biotechnology is taking hold.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORT",
      "active": false,
      "formats": [
        {
          "format": "PDF",
          "filename": "files/20051117_RS21556_a91eef7922d64cb74a8a36dd5edbdf119c45ec2b.pdf"
        },
        {
          "format": "HTML",
          "filename": "files/20051117_RS21556_a91eef7922d64cb74a8a36dd5edbdf119c45ec2b.html"
        }
      ],
      "topics": [
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Agriculture",
          "name": "Agriculture"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Agricultural biotechnology",
          "name": "Agricultural biotechnology"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Agriculture in foreign trade",
          "name": "Agriculture in foreign trade"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Trade",
          "name": "Trade"
        },
        {
          "source": "KWD",
          "id": "European Union",
          "name": "European Union"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc819687/",
      "id": "RS21556_2005Jan21",
      "date": "2005-01-21",
      "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26",
      "title": "Agricultural Biotechnology: The U.S.-EU Dispute",
      "summary": null,
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORT",
      "active": false,
      "formats": [
        {
          "format": "PDF",
          "filename": "files/20050121_RS21556_43c56a93ee1873ddffdcd18cacec6f7afbb2c927.pdf"
        },
        {
          "format": "HTML",
          "filename": "files/20050121_RS21556_43c56a93ee1873ddffdcd18cacec6f7afbb2c927.html"
        }
      ],
      "topics": []
    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc818237/",
      "id": "RS21556_2004Mar16",
      "date": "2004-03-16",
      "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26",
      "title": "Agricultural Biotechnology: The U.S.-EU Dispute",
      "summary": null,
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORT",
      "active": false,
      "formats": [
        {
          "format": "PDF",
          "filename": "files/20040316_RS21556_75fabc2274deaf8bc90195ef30c4687158159ac3.pdf"
        },
        {
          "format": "HTML",
          "filename": "files/20040316_RS21556_75fabc2274deaf8bc90195ef30c4687158159ac3.html"
        }
      ],
      "topics": []
    }
  ],
  "topics": [
    "Science and Technology Policy"
  ]
}