{ "id": "RS21666", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "number": "RS21666", "active": true, "source": "EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "versions": [ { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 620679, "date": "2020-03-16", "retrieved": "2020-03-23T22:25:41.413006", "title": "Tunisia: In Brief", "summary": "As of March 15, 2020, Tunisia had initiated travel restrictions and other emergency measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, having reported at least 20 confirmed domestic cases. \nTunisia remains the sole country to have made a durable transition to democracy as a result of the 2011 \u201cArab Spring.\u201d An elected assembly adopted a new constitution in 2014 and Tunisians have since held two competitive national elections\u2014most recently in late 2019\u2014resulting in peaceful transfers of power. Tunisia has also taken steps toward empowering local-level government, with landmark local elections held in 2018. Yet the economy has suffered due to domestic, regional, and global factors, driving public dissatisfaction with political leaders. High unemployment and inflation, unpopular fiscal austerity measures, and concerns about corruption have spurred protests, labor unrest, and a backlash against mainstream politicians in recent years. \nVoters in the 2019 presidential and parliamentary elections largely rejected established parties and candidates in favor of independents and non-career politicians. The results unsettled Tunisia\u2019s previous political alliances and may have implications for the future contours of its foreign relations and economic policies. Newly elected President Kais Sa\u00efed, who ran as an independent, is a constitutional scholar known for his socially conservative views and critique of Tunisia\u2019s post-2011 political system. The self-described \u201cMuslim democrat\u201d party Al Nahda secured a slim plurality in parliament, but it has lost seats in each successive election since 2011. After protracted negotiations, a technocrat designated by President Sa\u00efed, Elyes Fakhfakh, secured parliamentary backing for a coalition government in late February 2020.\nThe Trump Administration has pledged to support Tunisia\u2019s security and economic reforms, while also proposing to decrease annual bilateral aid appropriations. Congress, which has not adopted such reductions to date, has shaped U.S. relations with Tunisia through legislation, oversight, and direct engagement with Tunisian leaders. The Administration\u2019s FY2021 aid budget proposal included $83.9 million in bilateral economic and security assistance for Tunisia, less than half of what Congress appropriated for Tunisia under the Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2020\u2014which was which \u201cnot less than\u201d $191.4 million (P.L. 116-94, \u00a77041j of Division G). In addition, in the FY2020 measure, Congress directed \u201cnot less than\u201d $50 million in prior-year Economic Support Fund (ESF) appropriations for Tunisia. Congress has also made aid funds available for Tunisia under the State Department Relief and Recovery Fund (RRF) and the Department of Defense (DOD) Counter-ISIS Train and Equip Fund, and has authorized DOD to aid Tunisia\u2019s military in securing the border with Libya on a reimbursement basis. Tunisia has also been a top cumulative recipient within Africa of DOD \u201cglobal train and equip\u201d counterterrorism assistance (currently authorized under 10 U.S.C. \u00a7333).\nTunisia has expanded its acquisitions of U.S. defense materiel in recent years in order to maintain its U.S.-origin stocks and expand its counterterrorism capacity. The State Department has licensed the sale of Wolverine light attack aircraft with bombs and other supporting equipment, along with Black Hawk helicopters, and additional planned grant-based equipment transfers through the Excess Defense Articles (EDA) program including Kiowa helicopters and C-130 aircraft. (Tunisia\u2019s Major Non-NATO Ally status, granted by President Obama in 2015, provides priority access to EDA.) U.S. advisors have reportedly aided some Tunisian counterterrorism operations.\nThe U.S. Embassy in Tunis also hosts the U.S. Libya External Office, through which U.S. diplomats engage with Libyans and monitor U.S. programs in Libya. See CRS Report RL33142, Libya: Transition and U.S. Policy, by Christopher M. Blanchard.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS21666", "sha1": "232b15afe3c1be1e4ae5cee86a51814d7ce8c9b7", "filename": "files/20200316_RS21666_232b15afe3c1be1e4ae5cee86a51814d7ce8c9b7.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS21666_files&id=/1.png": "files/20200316_RS21666_images_d54d98f91c9c6010b153322f3d0db4e7bf6fb39e.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS21666_files&id=/0.png": "files/20200316_RS21666_images_f37944780f91a2fb950cf9bde180e59b1faed4b5.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS21666", "sha1": "5a6e0d290f8920461bf85c50138f53d81c407327", "filename": "files/20200316_RS21666_5a6e0d290f8920461bf85c50138f53d81c407327.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 607278, "date": "2019-11-01", "retrieved": "2019-11-07T23:20:36.454522", "title": "Tunisia: In Brief", "summary": "Tunisia remains the sole country to have made a durable transition to democracy as a result of the 2011 \u201cArab Spring.\u201d Tunisians adopted a new constitution in 2014 and have since held two competitive national elections resulting in peaceful transfers of power. At the same time, living standards have worsened for many Tunisians, increasing pressure on political leaders. High unemployment and inflation, unpopular fiscal austerity measures, and concerns about corruption have spurred protests, labor unrest, and a backlash against political elites in recent years. \nIn September-October 2019 general elections, voters largely rejected established parties and candidates in favor of independents and non-career politicians. Newly elected President Kais Sa\u00efed, who ran as an independent, is a constitutional scholar known for his socially conservative views and pointed critique of Tunisia\u2019s post-2011 political system. His stern personal demeanor, anti-corruption message, pledges of systemic change, and outsider credentials appear to have endeared him to voters\u2014including otherwise politically disenchanted young people. The self-described \u201cMuslim democrat\u201d party Al Nahda (alt: Ennahda, \u201cRenaissance\u201d) secured a slim plurality in parliament even as it lost some seats, outperforming established secularist parties as well as new contenders. Several recently founded parties and independents performed well. The results leave the future contours of Tunisia\u2019s domestic political alliances, foreign relations, and economic policies uncertain.\nThe Trump Administration has pledged to support Tunisia\u2019s security and economic reforms, while also proposing to decrease bilateral aid administered by the State Department and U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID). Congress has shaped U.S. relations with Tunisia through legislation, oversight, and direct engagement with Tunisian leaders. FY2020 aid appropriations bills (Division D of H.R. 2740 and S. 2583) would provide \u201cnot less than\u201d $191.4 million in bilateral aid for Tunisia, equivalent to the FY2019 enacted level under P.L. 116-6; S. 2583 would also make available for Tunisia $50 million in prior-year Economic Support Fund (ESF) appropriations. Congress has also made aid funds available for Tunisia under the State Department Relief and Recovery Fund (RRF) and the Department of Defense (DOD) Counter-ISIS Train and Equip Fund, and has authorized DOD to aid Tunisia\u2019s military in securing the border with Libya on a reimbursement basis. Tunisia has been a top cumulative recipient within Africa of DOD \u201cglobal train and equip\u201d counterterrorism assistance, authorized by Congress since FY2006 (most recently under 10 U.S.C. 333).\nTunisia has expanded its acquisitions of U.S. defense materiel in recent years in order to maintain its U.S.-origin stocks and expand its counterterrorism capacity. The State Department has licensed the sale of Black Hawk helicopters, and Tunisia has been approved to receive additional grant-based equipment transfers through the Excess Defense Articles (EDA) program, including Kiowa helicopters and C-130 aircraft. (Tunisia\u2019s Major Non-NATO Ally status, granted by President Obama in 2015, provides priority access to EDA.) The U.S. military has acknowledged conducting intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) activities from a Tunisian facility and U.S. advisors have reportedly played a role in some Tunisian counterterrorism operations.\nThe U.S. Embassy in Tunis also hosts the U.S. Libya External Office, through which U.S. diplomats engage with Libyans and monitor U.S. programs in Libya. See CRS Report RL33142, Libya: Transition and U.S. Policy, by Christopher M. Blanchard.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS21666", "sha1": "57d16be0c931c4f93d214d65c8cbb2e70bc56ebb", "filename": "files/20191101_RS21666_57d16be0c931c4f93d214d65c8cbb2e70bc56ebb.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS21666_files&id=/1.png": "files/20191101_RS21666_images_b51bcee7e7b154926e9d644a48e3248358a5f674.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS21666_files&id=/0.png": "files/20191101_RS21666_images_f37944780f91a2fb950cf9bde180e59b1faed4b5.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS21666", "sha1": "fa4423acad012f9cf92587307d283d8f24360d5a", "filename": "files/20191101_RS21666_fa4423acad012f9cf92587307d283d8f24360d5a.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 584243, "date": "2018-07-05", "retrieved": "2018-10-05T23:21:02.635072", "title": "Tunisia: In Brief", "summary": "Tunisia has taken key steps toward democracy since its 2011 \u201cJasmine Revolution,\u201d and has so far avoided the violent chaos and/or authoritarian resurrection seen elsewhere in the Middle East and North Africa region. Tunisians adopted a new constitution in 2014 and held national elections the same year, marking the completion of a four-year transitional period. In May 2018, Tunisia held elections for newly created local government posts, a move toward political decentralization that activists and donors have long advocated. The government has also pursued gender equality reforms and enacted a law in 2017 to counter gender-based violence. \nTunisians have struggled, however, to address steep economic challenges and overcome political infighting. Public opinion polls have revealed widespread anxiety about the future. Tunisia\u2019s ability to counter terrorism appears to have improved since a string of large attacks in 2015-2016, although turmoil in neighboring Libya and the return of some Tunisian foreign fighters from Syria and Libya continue to pose threats. Militant groups also operate in Tunisia\u2019s border regions.\nU.S. diplomatic contacts and aid have expanded significantly since 2011. President Trump spoke on the phone with Tunisian President B\u00e9ji Ca\u00efd Essebsi soon after taking office in early 2017, and Deputy Secretary of State John Sullivan visited Tunisia in November 2017. President Obama designated Tunisia a Major Non- North Atlantic Treaty Organization Ally in 2015 after meeting with President Ca\u00efd Essebsi at the White House. United States Aid for International Development opened an office in Tunis in 2014, reflecting increased bilateral economic aid allocations. The U.S. Embassy in Tunis also hosts the U.S. Libya External Office, through which U.S. diplomats engage with Libyans and monitor U.S. programs in Libya. (The State Department suspended operations at the U.S. Embassy in Tripoli in 2014.)\nU.S. bilateral aid administered by the State Department and USAID totaled $205.4 million in FY2017. The Trump Administration requested $54.6 million for FY2018, proposing to eliminate bilateral Foreign Military Financing (FMF) and to cut bilateral economic aid by more than half. The FY2018 Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2018 (Division K of P.L. 115-141), however, provided \u201cnot less than\u201d $165.4 million in aid for Tunisia. The Department of Defense (DOD) has provided substantial additional military aid focused on counterterrorism and border security. For FY2019, the Administration has requested $94.5 million in State Department and USAID-administered bilateral funds for Tunisia. In addition, the U.S. Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) has requested $292 million for an anticipated multi-year development compact with Tunisia.\nMuch of Tunisia\u2019s defense materiel is U.S.-origin, and it has pursued U.S. arms sales to maintain its stocks and expand its capabilities. The State Department licensed the sale of 12 Black Hawk helicopters in 2014, and Tunisia has received significant equipment through the Excess Defense Articles (EDA) program, including 24 Kiowa helicopters and 24 guided missile \u201cHellfire\u201d launchers notified to Congress in 2016. The U.S. military has acknowledged conducting intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) activities from a Tunisian facility, and U.S. military advisors have reportedly played a role in some Tunisian counterterrorism operations.\nCongress has focused on Tunisia\u2019s democratic progress, economic stability, and counterterrorism efforts through legislation, oversight, and direct engagement with Tunisian leaders. There is a bipartisan Tunisia Caucus. Relevant bills in the 115th Congress include the FY2019 Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, and the Combatting Terrorism in Tunisia Emergency Support Act of 2017 (H.R. 157).", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS21666", "sha1": "3afeae7aa369b19dc49ac6812b7d721b40fb4222", "filename": "files/20180705_RS21666_3afeae7aa369b19dc49ac6812b7d721b40fb4222.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RS/html/RS21666_files&id=/0.png": "files/20180705_RS21666_images_f37944780f91a2fb950cf9bde180e59b1faed4b5.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS21666", "sha1": "dc8a3906fc64182dcc23c86c51278813b420412f", "filename": "files/20180705_RS21666_dc8a3906fc64182dcc23c86c51278813b420412f.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 445908, "date": "2015-08-11", "retrieved": "2016-04-06T18:37:14.108214", "title": "Political Transition in Tunisia", "summary": "Tunisia has taken key steps toward democracy since the \u201cJasmine Revolution\u201d in 2011, and has so far avoided the violent chaos and/or authoritarian resurrection seen in other \u201cArab Spring\u201d countries. Tunisians adopted a new constitution in January 2014 and held national elections between October and December 2014, marking the completion of a four-year transitional period. A secularist party, Nidaa Tounes (\u201cTunisia\u2019s Call\u201d), won a plurality of seats in parliament, and its leader B\u00e9ji Ca\u00efd Essebsi was elected president. The results reflect a decline in influence for the country\u2019s main Islamist party, Al Nahda (alt: Ennahda, \u201cAwakening\u201d or \u201cRenaissance\u201d), which stepped down from leading the government in early 2014. Al Nahda, which did not run a presidential candidate, nevertheless demonstrated continuing electoral appeal, winning the second-largest block of legislative seats and joining the Nidaa Tounes-led coalition government.\nAlthough many Tunisians are proud of the country\u2019s progress since 2011, public opinion polls in 2014 revealed acute anxiety over the future, and surveys in 2015 suggest growing pessimism over the economy. Tangible improvements in economic conditions or government service-delivery are few, security threats have risen, and unemployment remains high. Nidaa Tounes leaders have pledged to bolster counterterrorism efforts and improve economic growth, but have provided few concrete details on how they will pursue these ends. The party may struggle to achieve internal consensus on specific policies, as it was forged from disparate groups united largely in their opposition to Islamism. Tunisian politicians and civil society leaders may also debate how, and when, to move from a pattern of ad-hoc negotiations aimed at achieving \u201cconsensus\u201d on key political decisions toward a greater reliance on formal and accountable political institutions.\nTerrorist attacks at the Bardo Museum in Tunis and a tourist hotel in the beach town of Sousse in the first half of 2015 have focused global attention on Tunisia\u2019s ongoing security challenges. Terrorist cells near the Algerian border to the east are the target of active Tunisian military operations, and cells have also been uncovered in urban areas. Tunisia is also reportedly a top source of Islamist \u201cforeign fighters\u201d in Syria and Libya. Policy debates over the root causes of violent extremism and how best to approach the problem have contributed to mutual distrust between Islamist and secularist political factions. \nU.S. policymakers have praised Tunisia\u2019s transition, and newly elected Tunisian President B\u00e9ji Ca\u00efd Essebsi visited Washington and met with President Obama in May 2015. Congress has shaped U.S. transitional support to Tunisia and new defense cooperation. The Administration, in consultation with Congress, allocated about $580 million in aid between FY2011 and FY2014, equivalent to ten times the bilateral aid funding appropriated for Tunisia over the previous four fiscal years\u2014and has proposed to double the annual aid appropriation for Tunisia in FY2016. Counterterrorism assistance is set to increase significantly in FY2015. U.S. engagement and aid nonetheless remain modest compared to countries such as Egypt and Jordan, which are regarded as more intertwined with U.S. national security interests. The FY2015 Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act (P.L. 113-235) allows additional funding for Tunisian loan guarantees and for the Tunisian-American Enterprise Fund, which seeks to strengthen Tunisia\u2019s private sector. The FY2014 Consolidated Appropriations Act (P.L. 113-76) also provided funding for these purposes, but prohibited a planned Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) \u201cthreshold\u201d grant because Tunisia\u2019s income level was too high to qualify for a full MCC compact.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS21666", "sha1": "8d04bec3e9b441a008b97d14260827967faa104c", "filename": "files/20150811_RS21666_8d04bec3e9b441a008b97d14260827967faa104c.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS21666", "sha1": "f5677dea3a8a18bd4036a32c5ec7762f8edf4579", "filename": "files/20150811_RS21666_f5677dea3a8a18bd4036a32c5ec7762f8edf4579.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 282, "name": "Middle East and North Africa" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501958/", "id": "RS21666_2015Feb10", "date": "2015-02-10", "retrieved": "2015-03-30T22:03:27", "title": "Political Transition in Tunisia", "summary": "This report discusses Tunisia's pro-democracy movement; concerns over potential instability in a previously secure, pro-Western area; and U.S.-Tunisian relations.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20150210_RS21666_95f0f6b640be778cb00d314e0a82596e935a5e19.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20150210_RS21666_95f0f6b640be778cb00d314e0a82596e935a5e19.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- Tunisia -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- Tunisia -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Tunisia", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Tunisia" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government", "name": "Politics and government" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government -- Tunisia", "name": "Politics and government -- Tunisia" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Revolutions", "name": "Revolutions" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc462568/", "id": "RS21666_2014Oct22", "date": "2014-10-22", "retrieved": "2014-12-05T09:57:41", "title": "Political Transition in Tunisia", "summary": "This report discusses Tunisia's pro-democracy movement; concerns over potential instability in a previously secure, pro-Western area; and U.S.-Tunisian relations.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20141022_RS21666_8b97f9a5bbd12465e318b82d9feea7eac6ad07be.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20141022_RS21666_8b97f9a5bbd12465e318b82d9feea7eac6ad07be.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Democracy", "name": "Democracy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- Tunisia -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- Tunisia -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Tunisia", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Tunisia" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government", "name": "Politics and government" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government -- Tunisia", "name": "Politics and government -- Tunisia" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Revolutions", "name": "Revolutions" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc463360/", "id": "RS21666_2014Jan29", "date": "2014-01-29", "retrieved": "2014-12-05T09:57:41", "title": "Political Transition in Tunisia", "summary": "This report discusses Tunisia's pro-democracy movement; concerns over potential instability in a previously secure, pro-Western area; and U.S.-Tunisian relations.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20140129_RS21666_4e9f0ae32f33b16d6a89fe2bb0ec6041c11abe64.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20140129_RS21666_4e9f0ae32f33b16d6a89fe2bb0ec6041c11abe64.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Tunisia", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Tunisia" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- Tunisia -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- Tunisia -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government", "name": "Politics and government" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Democracy", "name": "Democracy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Revolutions", "name": "Revolutions" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc228118/", "id": "RS21666_2013May22", "date": "2013-05-22", "retrieved": "2013-11-05T18:07:05", "title": "Political Transition in Tunisia", "summary": "Report that discusses Tunisia's pro-democracy movement; concerns over potential instability in a previously secure, pro-Western area; and U.S.-Tunisian relations.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20130522_RS21666_4d9b19fd52bf9babf933c431ef7845509f804217.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20130522_RS21666_4d9b19fd52bf9babf933c431ef7845509f804217.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Tunisia", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Tunisia" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- Tunisia -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- Tunisia -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government", "name": "Politics and government" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government -- Tunisia", "name": "Politics and government -- Tunisia" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Democracy", "name": "Democracy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Revolutions", "name": "Revolutions" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc94194/", "id": "RS21666_2012Jun18", "date": "2012-06-18", "retrieved": "2012-07-24T12:39:36", "title": "Political Transition in Tunisia", "summary": "This report discusses Tunisia's \"Jasmine Revolution,\" the common term for President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali's flight from the country following weeks of mounting anti-government protests. This report discusses how the Jasmine Revolution appears to have added momentum to anti-government sentiment in Egypt, Libya, Yemen, and other countries. This report discusses Tunisia's pro-democracy movement; concerns over potential instability in a previously secure, pro-Western area; and U.S.-Tunisian relations.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20120618_RS21666_781751299464fd009bddbb543f66539fde30f699.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20120618_RS21666_781751299464fd009bddbb543f66539fde30f699.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government", "name": "Politics and government" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government -- Tunisia", "name": "Politics and government -- Tunisia" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Tunisia", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Tunisia" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- Tunisia -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- Tunisia -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Democracy", "name": "Democracy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Revolutions", "name": "Revolutions" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc94193/", "id": "RS21666_2011Dec16", "date": "2011-12-16", "retrieved": "2012-07-24T12:39:36", "title": "Political Transition in Tunisia", "summary": "This report discusses Tunisia's \"Jasmine Revolution,\" the common term for President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali's flight from the country following weeks of mounting anti-government protests. This report discusses how the Jasmine Revolution appears to have added momentum to anti-government sentiment in Egypt, Libya, Yemen, and other countries. This report discusses Tunisia's pro-democracy movement; concerns over potential instability in a previously secure, pro-Western area; and U.S.-Tunisian relations.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20111216_RS21666_94f998841415717655a693a401560771605df899.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20111216_RS21666_94f998841415717655a693a401560771605df899.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government", "name": "Politics and government" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government -- Tunisia", "name": "Politics and government -- Tunisia" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Tunisia", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Tunisia" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- Tunisia -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- Tunisia -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Democracy", "name": "Democracy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Revolutions", "name": "Revolutions" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc807617/", "id": "RS21666_2011Sep20", "date": "2011-09-20", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Political Transition in Tunisia", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20110920_RS21666_babfced46c30b390db05a3735817ccb5098ed074.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20110920_RS21666_babfced46c30b390db05a3735817ccb5098ed074.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc813487/", "id": "RS21666_2011Apr15", "date": "2011-04-15", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Political Transition in Tunisia", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20110415_RS21666_f3f3f2bc3a160fce4a7fd6c72042bc4e6471b436.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20110415_RS21666_f3f3f2bc3a160fce4a7fd6c72042bc4e6471b436.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc33095/", "id": "RS21666_2011Mar04", "date": "2011-03-04", "retrieved": "2011-04-28T13:31:19", "title": "Political Transition in Tunisia", "summary": "This report discusses Tunisia's \"Jasmine Revolution,\" the common term for President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali's flight from the country following weeks of mounting anti-government protests. This report discusses how the Jasmine Revolution appears to have added momentum to anti-government sentiment in Egypt, Libya, Yemen, and other countries. This report discusses Tunisia's pro-democracy movement; concerns over potential instability in a previously secure, pro-Western area; and U.S.-Tunisian relations.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20110304_RS21666_963dc80c6d560d019a937059868191be3b7e76ad.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20110304_RS21666_963dc80c6d560d019a937059868191be3b7e76ad.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government", "name": "Politics and government" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government - Tunisia", "name": "Politics and government - Tunisia" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - U.S. - Tunisia", "name": "Foreign relations - U.S. - Tunisia" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - Tunisia - U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations - Tunisia - U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Democracy", "name": "Democracy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Revolutions", "name": "Revolutions" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc807412/", "id": "RS21666_2011Feb02", "date": "2011-02-02", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Political Transition in Tunisia", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20110202_RS21666_302717cf83bb38f733402ccf8018d39e52368fd5.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20110202_RS21666_302717cf83bb38f733402ccf8018d39e52368fd5.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc228117/", "id": "RS21666_2011Jan18", "date": "2011-01-18", "retrieved": "2013-11-05T18:07:05", "title": "Tunisia: Recent Developments and Policy Issues", "summary": "Report that discusses Tunisia's \"Jasmine Revolution,\" the common term for President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali's flight from the country following weeks of mounting anti-government protests. This report discusses how the Jasmine Revolution appears to have added momentum to anti-government sentiment in Egypt, Libya, Yemen, and other countries. This report discusses Tunisia's pro-democracy movement; concerns over potential instability in a previously secure, pro-Western area; U.S.-Tunisian relations; and Tunisia's push for for a greater focus on trade.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20110118_RS21666_e4c4219cf62aa05831596e9de80ca31fe2991f03.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20110118_RS21666_e4c4219cf62aa05831596e9de80ca31fe2991f03.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government", "name": "Politics and government" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government -- Tunisia", "name": "Politics and government -- Tunisia" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Tunisia", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Tunisia" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- Tunisia -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- Tunisia -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Democracy", "name": "Democracy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Revolutions", "name": "Revolutions" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc627040/", "id": "RS21666_2009Nov19", "date": "2009-11-19", "retrieved": "2015-06-15T14:46:40", "title": "Tunisia: Current Issues", "summary": "This report discusses the governmental structure and current political state of Tunisia, as well as additional general information regarding Tunisia's economy and dealings with terrorist groups. This report also describes the U.S.-Tunisian relationship in brief.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20091119_RS21666_0bb32e4e99fbac03921ef6e166d27a4df025f665.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20091119_RS21666_0bb32e4e99fbac03921ef6e166d27a4df025f665.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- Tunisia -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- Tunisia -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Tunisia", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Tunisia" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government -- Tunisia", "name": "Politics and government -- Tunisia" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc26320/", "id": "RS21666_2009Jun29", "date": "2009-06-29", "retrieved": "2010-07-07T17:39:19", "title": "Tunisia: Current Issues", "summary": "This report discusses the governmental structure and current political state of Tunisia, as well as additional general information regarding Tunisia's economy and dealings with terrorist groups. This report also describes the U.S.-Tunisian relationship in brief.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20090629_RS21666_4cde8be99182d392c9d56795a64698a120c619e8.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20090629_RS21666_4cde8be99182d392c9d56795a64698a120c619e8.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government", "name": "Politics and government" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government - Tunisia", "name": "Politics and government - Tunisia" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - U.S. - Tunisia", "name": "Foreign relations - U.S. - Tunisia" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - Tunisia - U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations - Tunisia - U.S." } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc819015/", "id": "RS21666_2008Mar11", "date": "2008-03-11", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Tunisia: Current Issues", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20080311_RS21666_2df7fe9a0c4acc152914628fb9039d61f56512ef.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20080311_RS21666_2df7fe9a0c4acc152914628fb9039d61f56512ef.html" } ], "topics": [] } ], "topics": [ "African Affairs", "Appropriations", "Constitutional Questions", "Intelligence and National Security", "National Defense" ] }