{
  "id": "RS21877",
  "type": "CRS Report",
  "typeId": "REPORTS",
  "number": "RS21877",
  "active": false,
  "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
  "versions": [
    {
      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 305916,
      "date": "2005-06-30",
      "retrieved": "2016-04-07T19:39:56.403029",
      "title": "FTAIA Limits Availability of U. S. Courts to Foreign Antitrust Plaintiffs: F. Hoffman-LaRoche, Ltd. v. Empagran, S.A.",
      "summary": "When the Supreme Court decided F. Hoffman-LaRoche, Ltd. v. Empagran, S.A. (542 U.S.  155\n(2004)), it narrowed the degree to which the Federal Circuits were split concerning the availability\nof U.S. courts to foreign plaintiffs seeking relief for violations of U.S. antitrust laws; it also lessened\nthe concern of foreign governments, global commercial entities and U.S. antitrust enforcement\nofficials that the Foreign Trade Antitrust Improvements Act of 1982 (FTAIA) could be a vehicle for\nextending the reach of U.S. antitrust laws. A unanimous Court ruled that the FTAIA\u2019s\ngeneral\nSherman Act non-applicability to foreign commerce \u201cother than import trade or ...\ncommerce\u201d is not\nnecessarily displaced by the act\u2019s exception for anticompetitive conduct that has a\n\u201cdirect,\nsubstantial, and reasonably foreseeable effect\u201d on U.S. domestic commerce, and that\n\u201cgives rise to\na [Sherman Act] claim.\u201d Where a foreign plaintiff\u2019s claim arises independently of\nthe harm to U.S.\ncommerce, even though the underlying conduct may have had such a harmful effect, the Court said,\nU.S. courts may not be used to pursue a Sherman Act claim,  even if  a U.S. plaintiff might\nhave a\nvalid Sherman Act claim arising out of the conduct\u2019s effect on U.S. commerce.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORTS",
      "active": false,
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          "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS21877",
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      ],
      "topics": []
    }
  ],
  "topics": [
    "American Law"
  ]
}