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      "date": "2013-01-08",
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      "title": "The Employee Free Choice Act (EFCA)",
      "summary": "This report discusses legislative attempts to amend the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) to allow for union certification without an election, based on signed employee authorizations. The Employee Free Choice Act (EFCA), introduced most recently as H.R. 1409 and S. 560 in the 111th Congress, would have allowed union certification based on signed authorizations, provided a process for the bargaining of an initial agreement, and prescribed new penalties for certain unfair labor practices. This report reviews the current process for selecting a bargaining representative under the NLRA and discusses the role of the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service in resolving bargaining disputes under that act. The EFCA was introduced in four consecutive Congresses, beginning with the 108th Congress. Despite expectations, the measure was not reintroduced in the 112th Congress. During the 110th Congress, however, the House passed the measure by a vote of 241-185. In the Senate, proponents of the EFCA fell 9 votes short of the 60 votes needed to limit debate and proceed to final consideration of the bill.",
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      "id": "RS21887_2011Jan12",
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      "title": "The Employee Free Choice Act",
      "summary": "This report discusses legislative attempts to amend the National Labor Relations Act (\"NLRA\") to allow for union certification without an election, based on signed employee authorizations. The  Employee Free Choice Act (\"EFCA\") has been introduced in the past three Congresses to allow union certification based on signed authorizations, provide a process for the bargaining of an initial agreement, and prescribe new penalties for certain unfair labor practices.",
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          "id": "Labor",
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          "id": "Employee rights",
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          "id": "Labor union officials and employees",
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      "id": "RS21887_2004Oct27",
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