{ "id": "RS22183", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "number": "RS22183", "active": true, "source": "EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "versions": [ { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 416108, "date": "2013-01-03", "retrieved": "2016-04-06T21:30:39.893688", "title": "Trade Preferences for Developing Countries and the World Trade Organization (WTO)", "summary": "Article I:1 of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) requires World Trade Organization (WTO) Members to grant most-favored-nation (MFN) treatment \u201cimmediately and unconditionally\u201d to like products of other Members with respect to tariffs and other trade-related measures. Programs such as the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP), under which developed countries grant preferential tariff rates to developing country goods, are facially inconsistent with this obligation because these programs accord goods of some countries more favorable tariff treatment than that accorded to like goods of other WTO Members. Because such programs have been viewed as trade-expanding, however, parties to the GATT incorporated a clause to provide a legal basis for one-way tariff preferences (the Enabling Clause) into the GATT 1994 agreement. In 2004, the WTO Appellate Body ruled that the Enabling Clause allows developed countries to offer differing treatment to developing countries in a GSP program, but only if identical treatment is available to all similarly situated beneficiaries.\nIn addition to GSP programs, some WTO Members may also grant preferences to products of particular groups of countries. In such cases, Members have generally obtained time-limited WTO waivers of GATT Article I:l and, if needed, other GATT obligations. The United States holds temporary WTO waivers for tariff preferences granted to the former Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands and for three regional preference schemes: (1) the Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act (CBERA), as amended; (2) the Andean Trade Preference Act (ATPA), as amended; and (3) the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA). \nCongress has made the CBERA program permanent and has authorized through September 30, 2020, the expanded tariff benefits contained in the Caribbean Basin Trade Partnership Act and subsequent legislation particular to Haiti. The AGOA program is authorized through September 30, 2015. In December 2010, Congress extended Andean trade preferences, as accorded to Colombia and Ecuador, through February 12, 2011, and terminated Andean benefits for Peru, which has been a party to a free trade agreement with the United States since February 2009. While Congress did not reauthorize the GSP program upon its December 2010 expiration, it has since extended the program through July 31, 2013, and authorized the retroactive application of duty-free rates and other GSP benefits to entries of goods made after December 31, 2010, in P.L. 112-40. The U.S.-Colombia Trade Promotion Agreement Implementation Act, P.L. 112-42, extended ATPA benefits to Colombia and Ecuador through July 31, 2013, with retroactive application to February 12, 2011; however, pursuant to the act, the President removed Colombia from the GSP and ATPA programs after the U.S-Colombia Trade Promotion Agreement entered into force on May 15, 2012.\nH.R. 2387 (McDermott), S. 105 (Ensign), and S. 1244 (Inouye) would extend duty-free benefits to certain apparel items from the Philippines subject to the President\u2019s certification that the Philippines is meeting enumerated trade and customs-related conditions. Under H.R. 2387 and S. 1244, benefits would remain in effect for seven years after they were proclaimed by the President and would terminate were the Philippines to become ineligible for GSP treatment. S. 105 would extend benefits for 10 years after proclamation, subject to GSP eligibility. S. 1443 (Feinstein) would authorize through December 31, 2022, duty-free treatment for certain items deemed import-sensitive under the GSP as well as extend certain AGOA textile benefits for certain least-developed countries in Asia and the South Pacific.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS22183", "sha1": "6e1a39ebb5e80b2dc11b8007aaa7e13a371d0a6e", "filename": "files/20130103_RS22183_6e1a39ebb5e80b2dc11b8007aaa7e13a371d0a6e.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS22183", "sha1": "c08c16e0adcbd71ea4fbad1fd3bc625377f46db0", "filename": "files/20130103_RS22183_c08c16e0adcbd71ea4fbad1fd3bc625377f46db0.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 2212, "name": "Import Policy" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc812579/", "id": "RS22183_2011Oct26", "date": "2011-10-26", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Trade Preferences for Developing Countries and the World Trade Organization (WTO)", "summary": "This report discusses the trade preferences and General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) most-favored-nation (MFN) requirements, World Trade Organization (WTO) waivers for preferential trade agreements, and WTO waivers for U.S. preference programs.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20111026_RS22183_1e1c9ae21b195cf56a89fe38fe94e29ba72fb8b5.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20111026_RS22183_1e1c9ae21b195cf56a89fe38fe94e29ba72fb8b5.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Trade", "name": "Trade" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Free trade -- U.S.", "name": "Free trade -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign trade", "name": "Foreign trade" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "International relations", "name": "International relations" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc818044/", "id": "RS22183_2011Oct05", "date": "2011-10-05", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Trade Preferences for Developing Countries and the World Trade Organization (WTO)", "summary": "This report discusses the trade preferences and General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) most-favored-nation (MFN) requirements, World Trade Organization (WTO) waivers for preferential trade agreements, and WTO waivers for U.S. preference programs.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20111005_RS22183_9b25e78969d3fbea63f27f933ec5d349ef8b44f7.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20111005_RS22183_9b25e78969d3fbea63f27f933ec5d349ef8b44f7.html" } ], "topics": [ { 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waivers for U.S. preference programs.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20110121_RS22183_d94f5ae80f73c872505551eb64e95528e0543258.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20110121_RS22183_d94f5ae80f73c872505551eb64e95528e0543258.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Free trade -- U.S.", "name": "Free trade -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign trade", "name": "Foreign trade" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "International relations", "name": "International relations" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc820849/", "id": "RS22183_2008Oct21", "date": "2008-10-21", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Trade Preferences for Developing Countries and the World Trade Organization (WTO)", "summary": "World Trade Organization (WTO) Members must grant immediate and unconditional most-favored-nation (MFN) treatment to the products of other Members regarding tariffs and other trade-related measures. Programs such as the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP), under which developed countries grant preferential tariff rates to developing country goods, are facially inconsistent with this obligation because they accord goods of some countries more favorable tariff treatment than that accorded to goods of other WTO Members. This report discusses various issues regarding such trade preferences.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20081021_RS22183_a287b732872f0966f710902dd9c105e942fc1571.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20081021_RS22183_a287b732872f0966f710902dd9c105e942fc1571.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Free trade -- U.S.", "name": "Free trade -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign trade", "name": "Foreign trade" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "International relations", "name": "International relations" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc94209/", "id": "RS22183_2008Mar03", "date": "2008-03-03", "retrieved": "2012-07-24T12:39:36", "title": "Trade Preferences for Developing Countries and the WTO", "summary": "This report discusses the trade preferences and General Agreement on 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