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      "title": "Pandemic Flu and Medical Biodefense Countermeasure Liability Limitation",
      "summary": "Division C of P.L. 109-148 (2005), 42 U.S.C. \u00a7\u00a7 247d-6d, 247d-6e, also known as the Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act (PREP Act), limits liability with respect to pandemic flu and other public health countermeasures. Specifically, upon a declaration by the Secretary of Health and Human Services of a public health emergency or the credible risk of such emergency, Division C would, with respect to a \u201ccovered countermeasure,\u201d eliminate liability, with one exception, for the United States, and for manufacturers, distributors, program planners, persons who prescribe, administer or dispense the countermeasure, and employees of any of the above. The exception to immunity from liability is that a defendant who engaged in willful misconduct would be subject to liability under a new federal cause of action, though not under state tort law, if death or serious injury results. Division C\u2019s limitation on liability is a more extensive restriction on victims\u2019 ability to recover than exists in most federal tort reform statutes. However, victims could, in lieu of suing, accept payment under a new \u201cCovered Countermeasure Process Fund,\u201d if Congress appropriates money for this fund.\nThe first PREP Act declaration was issued on January 26, 2007, to limit liability for the administration of the H5N1 influenza vaccine. Since then, declarations have been issued covering countermeasures against other strains of influenza (including H1N1), anthrax, botulism, small pox, and acute radiation syndrome.",
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      "id": "RS22327_2007Apr05",
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      "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26",
      "title": "Pandemic Flu and Medical Biodefense Countermeasure Liability Limitation",
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      "id": "RS22327_2006Dec05",
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      "title": "Pandemic Flu and Medical Biodefense Countermeasure Liability Limitation",
      "summary": "This report analyzes Division C of the Department of Defense Emergency Supplemental Appropriations, P.L. 109-148, which was signed into law on December 30, 2005, and which limits liability with respect to pandemic flu and other public health countermeasures.",
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      "id": "RS22327 2006-04-12",
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      "id": "RS22327 2005-11-18",
      "date": "2005-11-18",
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