{ "id": "RS22663", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "number": "RS22663", "active": true, "source": "EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "versions": [ { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 448770, "date": "2016-01-12", "retrieved": "2016-04-06T17:31:27.538596", "title": "U.S. Assistance Programs in China", "summary": "This report examines U.S. foreign assistance activities in the People\u2019s Republic of China (PRC), undertaken by the U.S. Department of State and U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID). The report also discusses related foreign operations appropriations, policy history, and legislative background. International programs supported by U.S. departments and agencies other than the Department of State and USAID, as well as Department of State public diplomacy programs, are not covered in this report.\nU.S. foreign assistance efforts in the PRC aim to promote democracy, human rights, and the rule of law; support sustainable livelihoods, cultural preservation, and environmental protection in Tibetan areas; and further U.S. interests through programs that address environmental pollution and pandemic diseases in China. The U.S. Congress has played a leading role in determining program priorities and funding levels for these objectives. These programs constitute an important component of U.S. human rights policy toward China. Although the United States is not the largest bilateral aid donor to China, it is the largest provider of government and civil society programming, according to data compiled by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). \nIn 2000, the act granting permanent normal trade relations (PNTR) treatment to China (P.L. 106-286) authorized programs to promote democracy in the PRC. Between 2001 and 2015, the United States government allocated over $417 million for Department of State and USAID foreign assistance efforts in the PRC, including Peace Corps programs. Of this total, $342 million was devoted to democracy, human rights, and related activities; Tibetan communities; and the environment. The direct recipients of State Department and USAID grants have been predominantly U.S.-based nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and universities. Chinese NGOs, universities, and some government entities have participated in or indirectly benefited from U.S. programs, or have collaborated with U.S. foreign aid grantees. \nAppropriations for Department of State and USAID programs in China reached a peak in FY2010, totaling $46.9 million. Funding decreased by nearly 40% between 2010 and 2012 and has since remained at lower levels. Reduced appropriations have resulted in the discontinuation of a number of rule of law and environmental programs. \nSome policymakers argue that the United States government should not fund foreign assistance programs in the PRC because Beijing has significant financial resources and can manage China\u2019s own development needs. Other critics say that U.S. democracy, human rights, rule of law, environmental, and related programs have had little effect in China. Some observers fear that growing PRC restrictions on civil society could further undermine U.S. aid efforts. Some experts counter that U.S. programs in China aim to promote U.S. interests in areas where the PRC government has lacked the expertise or will to make greater progress. They argue that U.S. assistance activities in China have helped to develop protections of some rights, build foundations for the rule of law and civil society, and bolster reform-minded officials in the PRC government. Some proponents suggest that U.S. programs have nurtured relationships among governmental and nongovernmental actors and educational institutions in the United States and the PRC, which have helped to develop common understandings about human rights, the rule of law, and related principles and norms. Other programs are said to have reduced environmental and health threats coming from China.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS22663", "sha1": "4516bf4b721430b2ac94cb76d55d5d711061ace8", "filename": "files/20160112_RS22663_4516bf4b721430b2ac94cb76d55d5d711061ace8.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS22663", "sha1": "a4799186b8f9d13d6a1889dc40bdeb5aa5a243e0", "filename": "files/20160112_RS22663_a4799186b8f9d13d6a1889dc40bdeb5aa5a243e0.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 278, "name": "China, Taiwan, and Mongolia" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc503430/", "id": "RS22663_2015Jan15", "date": "2015-01-15", "retrieved": "2015-04-30T17:37:21", "title": "U.S. Assistance Programs in China", "summary": "This report examines U.S. foreign assistance activities in the People's Republic of China (PRC), undertaken by the U.S. Department of State and U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID). The report also discusses related foreign operations appropriations, policy history, and legislative background.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20150115_RS22663_7a9efe0eb1dae6006b7e3c7467eb1c87cc87b3b4.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20150115_RS22663_7a9efe0eb1dae6006b7e3c7467eb1c87cc87b3b4.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Congress and foreign policy", "name": "Congress and foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations", "name": "Foreign relations" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign economic relations", "name": "Foreign economic relations" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Economic assistance", "name": "Economic assistance" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc491137/", "id": "RS22663_2014Dec02", "date": "2014-12-02", "retrieved": "2015-01-27T19:40:46", "title": "U.S. Assistance Programs in China", "summary": "This report examines U.S. foreign assistance activities in the People's Republic of China (PRC), undertaken by the U.S. Department of State and U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID). The report also discusses related foreign operations appropriations, policy history, and legislative background. International programs supported by U.S. departments and agencies other than the Department of State and USAID, as well as Department of State public diplomacy programs, are not covered in this report.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20141202_RS22663_f16d7c50d42504c63622a52d57e48be7300f5f7b.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20141202_RS22663_f16d7c50d42504c63622a52d57e48be7300f5f7b.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Congress and foreign policy", "name": "Congress and foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations", "name": "Foreign relations" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign economic relations", "name": "Foreign economic relations" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Economic assistance", "name": "Economic assistance" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc461997/", "id": "RS22663_2013May09", "date": "2013-05-09", "retrieved": "2014-12-05T09:57:41", "title": "U.S. Assistance Programs in China", "summary": "This report examines U.S. foreign assistance activities in the People's Republic of China (PRC), particularly U.S. Department of State and U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) programming, foreign operations appropriations, policy history, and legislative background.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20130509_RS22663_f898e54cff4053a704353a856c40b86bb336aa41.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20130509_RS22663_f898e54cff4053a704353a856c40b86bb336aa41.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Congress and foreign policy", "name": "Congress and foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations", "name": "Foreign relations" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign economic relations", "name": "Foreign economic relations" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Economic assistance", "name": "Economic assistance" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc85493/", "id": "RS22663_2012May11", "date": "2012-05-11", "retrieved": "2012-06-06T14:34:05", "title": "U.S. Assistance Programs in China", "summary": "This report examines U.S. foreign assistance activities in the People's Republic of China (PRC), including U.S. Department of State and U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) programming, foreign operations appropriations, policy history, and legislative background. International programs supported by U.S. departments and agencies other than the Department of State and USAID are not covered in this report.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20120511_RS22663_bceb7aa83d9349497053c24f3be97d8849428c70.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20120511_RS22663_bceb7aa83d9349497053c24f3be97d8849428c70.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Congress and foreign policy", "name": "Congress and foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations", "name": "Foreign relations" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign economic relations", "name": "Foreign economic relations" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Economic assistance", "name": "Economic assistance" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc818965/", "id": "RS22663_2012Jan06", "date": "2012-01-06", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "U.S. Assistance Programs in China", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20120106_RS22663_af24fa809e0c24ae7220b9198ba032b082bcd9a8.pdf" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc815663/", "id": "RS22663_2011Nov10", "date": "2011-11-10", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "U.S. Assistance Programs in China", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20111110_RS22663_a6e57fd9974e3d151f900a0d9ee0034c713c2eb9.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20111110_RS22663_a6e57fd9974e3d151f900a0d9ee0034c713c2eb9.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc84131/", "id": "RS22663_2011Aug09", "date": "2011-08-09", "retrieved": "2012-04-27T15:49:45", "title": "U.S. Assistance Programs in China", "summary": "This report examines U.S. foreign assistance activities in the People's Republic of China (PRC), including U.S. Department of State and U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) programming, foreign operations appropriations, policy history, and legislative background. International programs supported by U.S. departments and agencies other than the Department of State and USAID are not covered in this report.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20110809_RS22663_4bafd4a7b958c36ea099581d9ee5f1ae68fa843d.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20110809_RS22663_4bafd4a7b958c36ea099581d9ee5f1ae68fa843d.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - U.S. - China", "name": "Foreign relations - U.S. - China" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - China - U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations - China - U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign aid", "name": "Foreign aid" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government", "name": "Politics and government" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government - China", "name": "Politics and government - China" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "American economic assistance - China", "name": "American economic assistance - China" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc40272/", "id": "RS22663_2011Apr22", "date": "2011-04-22", "retrieved": "2011-08-27T10:13:38", "title": "U.S. Assistance Programs in China", "summary": "This report examines U.S. foreign assistance activities in the People's Republic of China (PRC), including U.S. Department of State and U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) programming, foreign operations appropriations, policy history, and legislative background. International programs supported by U.S. departments and agencies other than the Department of State and USAID are not covered in this report.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20110422_RS22663_d226e78e393df86f696cf5b7205f320bdc1924b9.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20110422_RS22663_d226e78e393df86f696cf5b7205f320bdc1924b9.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - U.S. - China", "name": "Foreign relations - U.S. - China" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - China - U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations - China - U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government", "name": "Politics and government" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government - China", "name": "Politics and government - China" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Democracy", "name": "Democracy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign aid", "name": "Foreign aid" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "American economic assistance - China", "name": "American economic assistance - China" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc462278/", "id": "RS22663_2010Jul09", "date": "2010-07-09", "retrieved": "2014-12-05T09:57:41", "title": "U.S.-Funded Assistance Programs in China", "summary": "This report provides legislative and policy background concerning U.S. assistance programs in the People's Republic of China (PRC). The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) does not have an official presence in China. The majority of congressional foreign operations appropriations for the PRC promotes the rule of law, civil society, and political development in the country. These programs constitute a key component of U.S. efforts to promote democratic change in the PRC. Other related U.S. activities include participation in official bilateral dialogues on human rights, public diplomacy programs, and open criticism of PRC policies.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20100709_RS22663_dadf08c0f8544fd77841d7ff3c32871fadef5b23.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20100709_RS22663_dadf08c0f8544fd77841d7ff3c32871fadef5b23.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Congress and foreign policy", "name": "Congress and foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations", "name": "Foreign relations" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign economic relations", "name": "Foreign economic relations" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Economic assistance", "name": "Economic assistance" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc26335/", "id": "RS22663_2009Apr24", "date": "2009-04-24", "retrieved": "2010-07-07T17:39:19", "title": "U.S.-Funded Assistance Programs in China", "summary": "This report explores the United States' relationship with the People's Republic of China (PRC) in the context of law and civil society programs that promote democratic change in China, discussions of human rights, and public diplomacy programs. This report explores in particular the economics of said relationship, including U.S.-funded programs to promote democratic-leaning policy changes. This report also discusses the opinions of analysts and other experts who both defend and oppose such efforts.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20090424_RS22663_6edf59cac5ff34ab1c034228cc440eedeac239e9.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20090424_RS22663_6edf59cac5ff34ab1c034228cc440eedeac239e9.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - U.S. - China", "name": "Foreign relations - U.S. - China" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - China - U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations - China - U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government", "name": "Politics and government" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Democracy", "name": "Democracy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government - China", "name": "Politics and government - China" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "American economic assistance - China", "name": "American economic assistance - China" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign aid", "name": "Foreign aid" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc807209/", "id": "RS22663_2008Jan28", "date": "2008-01-28", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "U.S.-Funded Assistance Programs in China", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20080128_RS22663_3e9e89138bcb565b231aadccc449cc390eb96846.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20080128_RS22663_3e9e89138bcb565b231aadccc449cc390eb96846.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc821501/", "id": "RS22663_2007May18", "date": "2007-05-18", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "U.S.-Funded Assistance Programs in China", "summary": "This report discusses United States foreign operations appropriations for the People\u2019s Republic of China (PRC), which primarily support democracy-related programs, particularly rule of law training,\r\nand support Tibetan communities. The U.S. Congress has played a leading role in providing funding for such programs, which has grown from $10 million in FY2002 to $23 million in FY2006. Major funding areas include legal training, legal aid, criminal defense, labor rights, and non-governmental organization (NGO) development in China, monitoring human rights conditions in the PRC from outside China, and preserving Tibetan culture.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20070518_RS22663_0abe9af1f5ecd65092fc5f36c9e51425e0e5b5a5.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20070518_RS22663_0abe9af1f5ecd65092fc5f36c9e51425e0e5b5a5.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Congress and foreign policy", "name": "Congress and foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations", "name": "Foreign relations" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign economic relations", "name": "Foreign economic relations" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Economic assistance", "name": "Economic assistance" } ] } ], "topics": [ "American Law", "Appropriations", "Asian Affairs", "Foreign Affairs" ] }