{
  "id": "RS22948",
  "type": "CRS Report",
  "typeId": "REPORTS",
  "number": "RS22948",
  "active": false,
  "source": "EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
  "versions": [
    {
      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 364450,
      "date": "2010-04-02",
      "retrieved": "2016-04-07T01:46:57.213429",
      "title": "U.S.-Russia Meat and Poultry Trade Issues",
      "summary": "In December 2008, the United States and Russia signed a protocol aimed at resolving various emerging trade issues between the two countries in order to continue U.S. livestock and poultry exports to Russia through the end of 2009. By December 2009, however, Russia had escalated these trade issues in a series of actions that threatened to shut out U.S. livestock and poultry exports. These actions, in part, followed on Russia\u2019s statements throughout 2008 and 2009 regarding its concerns about antimicrobial use in U.S. meat production.\nRussia has continued to cite various food safety concerns, including concerns about antimicrobial residues and the use of chlorine rinses on U.S. meat exports, and identified several U.S. poultry and meat processing companies as ineligible to export meat to Russia. In 2008 and again in 2009, Russia announced that it was banning poultry imports from several U.S. establishments due to safety concerns. In addition, throughout 2008 and 2009, Russia refused imports of pork products from several U.S. plants because trace amounts of antibiotics were found in some of the meat tested. As part of these actions, Russian officials signaled that U.S. permits to import poultry and pork under that country\u2019s quota system might be restricted. (Russia also banned pork products for most of 2009 from several countries, including the United States, following reports about the H1N1 influenza virus in April 2009.)\nIn December 2009, Russia announced that it would implement its previously proposed ban on poultry imports treated with chlorine washes from all exporting countries, effective January 1, 2010. This action was expected to effectively ban all U.S. poultry exports to Russia, since pathogen reduction rinses are commonplace in U.S. poultry production. (A similar European Union (EU) prohibition has kept U.S. chicken out of the EU since 1997.) By late March 2010, trade reports were indicating that a potential resolution of the poultry dispute might be close. The delistings, as of late 2009, of virtually all U.S. pork plants that exported to Russia (purported to be mainly due to concerns about findings of trace amounts of antimicrobials on pork) was reportedly resolved earlier in March.\nAlso in December 2009, reports emerged that Russia would reduce its 2010 import quotas for U.S. pork and poultry below 2009 quota levels. Russia\u2019s import quotas for U.S. beef, however, would be increased above 2009 levels. Quota allocations for U.S. pork and poultry are expected to be reduced even further in both 2011 and 2012. \nMany U.S. producers believe that Russia\u2019s food safety restrictions, including those regarding antimicrobial use, are not science-based, but are instead intended to protect and promote Russia\u2019s own growing domestic pork and poultry production. Some further point out that Russia\u2019s perceived \u201czero tolerance\u201d regarding antimicrobial use is the most restrictive among all U.S. trading partners.\nFor U.S. poultry and meat producers, the economic stakes of Russian import actions are significant. In 2008, Russia was the single largest export market for U.S. poultry products, with exports valued at more than $820 million (about 18% of total U.S. poultry exports). Russia was also among the leading export markets for U.S. pork and beef products, valued at $330 million and nearly $70 million, respectively. All these export products had also experienced strong growth in the Russian market. Members of Congress with important poultry and meat industry constituents have been monitoring events and ongoing negotiations between the United States and Russia to resolve these disputes.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORTS",
      "active": false,
      "formats": [
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          "encoding": "utf-8",
          "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RS22948",
          "sha1": "c9a17c22f577f01efbfb47e248b6d905cec80f8d",
          "filename": "files/20100402_RS22948_c9a17c22f577f01efbfb47e248b6d905cec80f8d.html",
          "images": null
        },
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          "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RS22948",
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      ],
      "topics": []
    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10790/",
      "id": "RS22948_2008Sep11",
      "date": "2008-09-11",
      "retrieved": "2008-12-11T20:32:32",
      "title": "U.S.-Russia Meat and Poultry Trade Issues",
      "summary": "Russia announced on August 29, 2008, that it was banning poultry imports from 19 U.S. establishments due to safety concerns, and that 29 others could lose approval if they do not improve their standards. Russian officials also signaled that they might reduce U.S. permits to import poultry and pork under that country's quota system. The economic stakes of Russian import actions are high for U.S. poultry producers - 29% of their exports went to that market in 2007 - and red meat producers, who also are experiencing strong growth in the Russian market. In Congress, any potential options likely would be reviewed within the context of the broader geopolitical situation.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORT",
      "active": false,
      "formats": [
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          "format": "PDF",
          "filename": "files/20080911_RS22948_403b93246393bd7d82ebfb7f4b21bc25dfd7da4f.pdf"
        },
        {
          "format": "HTML",
          "filename": "files/20080911_RS22948_403b93246393bd7d82ebfb7f4b21bc25dfd7da4f.html"
        }
      ],
      "topics": [
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Food",
          "name": "Food"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Meat",
          "name": "Meat"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Agriculture",
          "name": "Agriculture"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Animals",
          "name": "Animals"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Poultry",
          "name": "Poultry"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Food safety",
          "name": "Food safety"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Pork",
          "name": "Pork"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Trade",
          "name": "Trade"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "International trade",
          "name": "International trade"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "topics": [
    "Agricultural Policy",
    "Foreign Affairs"
  ]
}